previous next
ipse (ipsus , Cato, R. R. 70; 71; Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 43; id. Trin. 2, 2, 40; 3, 1, 10 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 15; id. Eun. 3, 4, 8, id. Hec. 3, 5, 5; Jusjur. Milit. ap. Gell. 16, 4, 4 al.), a, um (ipsud, Gloss. Philox.);
I.gen. ipsīus (poet. also ipsĭus, Cat. 64, 43; Verg. A. 1, 114; 2, 772 al.; and dissyl. Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 15; id. Phorm. 4, 5, 13: ipsi, Afran. ap. Prisc. 694); dat. ipsi (ipso, App. M. 10, p. 243, 24); pron. demonstr. [is - pse for pte; cf. sua-pte and -pote in ut-pote; root in potis; Sanscr. patis, lord, master; hence, = he, the master, himself, etc.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 866 sq.; Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 116. Hence, in the original form, the pronoun is was declined, while the suffix was unchanged; thus eopte = eo ipso, Paul. ex Fest. p. 110: “eapse = ea ipsa,id. p. 77; nom. sing. eapse, Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 4; id. Cist. 1, 2, 17; id. Rud. 2, 3, 80; 2, 5, 21 al.; acc. eumpse, Plaut. Most. 1, 4, 32: “eampse,Plaut. Aul. 5, 7; id. Cist. 1, 3, 22; id. Men. 5, 2, 22 al.; abl. eopse, Plaut. Curc, 4, 3, 6: “eāpse,id. Trin. 4, 2, 132; id. Curc. 4, 3, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 197 sq.], = αὐτός, self, in person, he (emphatic), himself, herself, itself, used both substantively and adjectively, to denote that person (thing) of which something is eminently or exclusively predicated.
I. In gen.
A. With substt. or pronn.
2. For emphasis or in contrast, very, just, precisely, self, in person: “adest optime ipse frater,Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 66: “in orationibus hisce ipsis,Cic. de Or. 1, 16, 73: “ea ipsa hora,id. Fam. 7, 23, 4: “nec carmina nobis Ipsa placent: ipsae rursus concedite silvae,Verg. E. 10, 63: “tute ipse his rebus finem praescripsti,Ter. And. 1, 1, 124: “lepide ipsi hi sunt capti,Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 91: “ego enim ipse cum eodem isto non invitus erraverim,Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40: “ipse ille divinationis auctor,id. Div. 2, 28, 61: “cariorem esse patriam quam nosmet ipsos,id. Fin. 3, 19, 64: “eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,the very, the true cause, Liv. 1, 57, 1; esp. with is, in all persons and numbers: “estne hic Philto? Is hercle'st ipsus,Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 31: “cui tutor is fuerat ipse,Liv. 5, 33, 3: “jam id ipsum absurdum, maximum malum neglegi,even, Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93 (Madv.); id. de Or. 2, 30, 132: “tempus ad id ipsum congruere,Liv. 1, 5, 5: “duum vir ad id ipsum creatus,id. 2, 42, 5: “Tullius et eos ipsos et per eos multitudinem aliam deduxit,id. 2, 38, 1: “eorum ipsorum facta (opp. loca in quibus, etc.),Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 2: “nec vero clarorum virorum post mortem honores permanerent, si nihil eorum ipsorum animi efficerent,id. de Sen. 22, 80: “ad eum ipsum honorem deferre,Liv. 3, 51, 3; so sometimes with an inf. or subst.-clause: “ipsum dicere ineptum,Cic. de Or. 1, 24, 112: “quid juvat quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil juvat?the mere fact, the fact alone, id. Att. 11, 9, 1: “ipsum, quod habuisti,Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 12, 2: “et ipsum, quod sum victus, ama,Luc. 8, 78.— Esp. in legal phrase: ipso jure, by the letter of the law, in legal strictness or precision, Gai Inst. 2, 198; 3, 181; 4, 106 sqq. et saep.—
B. Alone, emphatically taking the place of an omitted person. or demonstr. pron.: Ar. Ubi is nunc est? He. Ubi ego minume atque ipsus se volt maxume, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 108; 4, 1, 10: Su. Is ipsusne's? Ch. Aio: Su. Ipsus es? id. Trin. 4, 2, 146: “atque ipsis, ad quorum commodum pertinebat, durior inventus est Coelius,Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 4: “quaeram ex ipsā,Cic. Cael. 14: “tempus, quo ipse eos sustulisset, ad id ipsum congruere,Liv. 1, 5, 5: “agrum dare immunem ipsi, qui accepisset, liberisque,id. 21, 45, 5; 9, 34, 18; 10, 6, 10: “laeta et ipsis qui rem gessere expugnatio fuit,id. 28, 4, 1: “a nobis exposita, ut ab ipsis, qui eam disciplinam probant,Cic. Fin. 1, 5, 13.—So freq. in Cic. before a rel.: “ut de ipso, qui judicarit, judicium fieri videretur,Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 82: “ipsi omnia, quorum negotium est, ad nos deferunt,id. de Or. 1, 58, 250; 2, 14, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 13; v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 28, 93: “nullis definitionibus utuntur, ipsique dicunt ea se modo probare, quibus natura tacita assentiatur,Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 40 Madv. —
C. To make prominent one of two or more subjects of any predicate, he (she, il), for his part, he too, also, as well.
2. With conjunctions.
(α). With etiam (class.): “ipse etiam Fufidius in numero fuit,Cic. Brut. 29, 112: scribebat orationes quas alii dicerent: quamquam is etiam ipse scripsit eas, quibus pro se est usus, sed non sine Aelio; “his enim scriptis etiam ipse interfui,id. ib. 56, 206 sq. —
II. Esp.
A. By way of eminence, ipse is used to indicate the chief person, host, master, teacher, etc.: “ipsa, the mistress, etc.: ipsus tristis,Ter. And. 2, 2, 23: “ipsum praesto video,id. ib. 2, 5, 3: “ego eo quo me ipsa misit,Plaut. Cas. 4, 2, 10: “suam norat ipsam tam bene, quam puella matrem,Cat. 3, 7 (Müll., ipsa); cf.: “Pythagorei respondere solebant, ipse dixit,” i. e. Pythagoras, Cic. N. D. 1, 5, 10; cf.: “nec hoc oratori contingere inter adversarios quod Pythagorae inter discipulos potest ipse dixit,Quint. 11, 1, 27: “cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso,the great man, Juv. 1, 33: “anseris ante ipsum jecur,before the host, id. 5, 114.—
C. Himself exclusively.
1. By or in one's self, alone: “haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat,Verg. A. 6, 185: “his actis, aliud genitor secum ipse volutat,id. ib. 12, 843: tempus secum ipsa Exigit, id. ib. 4, 475: “quam facile exercitu soclos conservaturus sit, qui ipso nomine ac rumore defenderit,Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 45: “multa secum ipse volvens,Sall. C. 32, 1: “aestimando ipse secum,Liv. 25, 23, 11.—
2. In one's self, for one's own sake: “ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amare,Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48.—
D. With advv. of time.
1. Nunc ipsum, just now, at this very time: “nunc ipsum exurit,Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 16: “nunc ipsum non dubitabo rem tantam adicere,Cic. Att. 7, 3, 2; 8, 9, 2: “nunc tamen ipsum sine te esse non possum,id. ib. 12, 16. —
F. In reflexive uses,
1. Ipse strengthens the subject when opposed in thought to other agents; the object, when opposed to other objects; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 696; Kennedy, Gram. § 67, 3; Madv. Gram. § 487, 6. — Hence,
a. With subject.
(β). With special emphasis, ipse is joined to the subject to indicate its relation to itself as both subject and object, though the antithesis would suggest another case (Cic.): “cum iste sic erat humilis atque demissus, ut non modo populo Romano, sed etiam sibi ipse condemnatus videretur,Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17: “si quis ipse sibi inimicus est,id. Fin. 5, 10, 28: “qui ipsi sibi bellum indixissent,id. ib. 5, 10, 29: “quoniam se ipsi omnes natura diligant,id. ib. 3, 18, 59: “nam si ex scriptis cognosci ipsi suis potuissent,id. de Or. 2, 2, 8.—
2. Ipse defines the subject of a reflexive pronoun: “natura movet infantem, sed tantum ut se ipse diligat (where ipse shows that se refers to infantem),Cic. Fin. 2, 10, 33: proinde consulant sibi ipsi; “jubeant abire se,Just. 16, 4, 15: “neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,Nep. Paus. 4: “in portis murisque sibimet ipsos tecta coëgerat aedificare,Liv. 27, 3, 2 (cf. 1. a. supra).—
3. Ipse stands for the reflexive pronoun,
a. Where the person or thing referred to is to be emphatically distinguished from others (class.): “cum omnes se expetendos putent, nec id ob aliam rem, sed propter ipsos, necesse est ejus etiam partes propter se expeti, etc.,Cic. Fin. 5, 17, 46: “quis umquam consul senatum ipsius decretis parere prohibuit?id. Sest. 14, 32: “quos, quidquid ipsis expediat, facturos arbitrabimur,id. Fin. 2, 35, 117: “qui negant se recusare, quo minus, ipsis mortuis, terrarum deflagratio consequatur,id. ib. 3, 19, 64: “nec quid ipsius natura sit intellegit,id. ib. 5, 9, 24.—
b. In a subordinate clause, to point out either the subject of the principal clause, or the chief agent or speaker; “esp. where se or sibi is already applied to the subject of the subordinate clause: ne ob eam rem aut suae magnopere virtuti tribueret aut ipsos despiceret,Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 5: “legatos ad consulem mittit, qui tantum modo ipsi liberisque vitam peterent,Sall. J. 16, 2; cf.: “ipsis mortuis,Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 64: “supra nihil, quantum in ipso est, praetermittere quo minus, etc.,id. Leg. 1, 21, 56: “ipsius,id. ib. 2, 22, 55: “nihil umquam audivi ... nihil de re publica gravius, nihil de ipso modestius, i. e. de ipso dicente,id. Balb. 1, 2: id quod ipsum adjuvat (i. e. dicentem; “opp. id quod adversario prodest),id. Inv. 1, 21, 30.—
4. Ipse stands in free constr. with abl. absol. as with finite verb (cf. also quisque; “only freq. in Liv. and post-Aug. writers): cum dies venit, causa ipse pro se dicta, quindecim milibus aeris damnatur,Liv. 4, 44, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.: “Romani imperatores, junctis et ipsi exercitibus ... ad sedem hostium pervenere,id. 29, 2, 2: “C. Popilius, dimissis et ipse Atticis navibus ... pergit,id. 45, 10, 2; cf.: “Catilina et Autronius parabant consules interficere, ipsi fascibus conreptis Pisonem cum exercitu mittere,Sall. C. 18, 5: “amisso et ipse Pacoro,Tac. G. 37; cf. also the emphatic use of ipse (like quisque) with abl. of gerund (freq. in Liv.): “adsentando indignandoque et ipse,Liv. 40, 23, 1: “cogendo ipse,id. 39, 49, 3: “agendo ipse,id. 41, 24, 2: “aestimando ipse secum,id. 25, 23, 11 et saep.?*! Ipse is very rarely strengthened by the suffix -met: “ipsemet abiit,Plaut. Am. prol. 102: “ipsimet nobis,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 3: “ipsemet profugiam,Sen. Ep. 117, 21; also Front. Aq. 74 ex conj.— Sup.: Com. Ergo ipsusne es? Charm. Ipsissumus, his own very self, Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 146; cf. Gr. αὐτότατος, Aristoph. Plut. 83; so, “ipsimus and ipsima, for dominus and domina (cf II. A. supra),Petr. 75, 11; and: “ipsimi nostri,id. 63, 3 Büch. ex conj.
hide Dictionary Entry Lookup
Use this tool to search for dictionary entries in all lexica.
Search for in
hide References (140 total)
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (140):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 3.11.3
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 3.7.5
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 6.18.2
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 7.23.4
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 9.14.8
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 11.9.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 3.21
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 7.3.2
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 8.7.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 9.6.3
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 1.13.5
    • Cicero, For Marcus Caelius, 14
    • Cicero, Divinatio against Q. Caecilius, 4.13
    • Cicero, For Aulus Caecina, 10.28
    • Cicero, For Aulus Caecina, 20.58
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.2.25
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.2.4
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.3.3
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 15.44
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 51.141
    • Cicero, For Cornelius Balbus, 1.2
    • Cicero, For Sestius, 14.32
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 42.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 44.10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 9, 34
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 10.586
    • Plautus, Cistellaria, 1.3
    • Plautus, Curculio, 1.3
    • Plautus, Curculio, 4.3
    • Plautus, Mostellaria, 1.4
    • Plautus, Rudens, 2.3
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 4.2
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.114
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.394
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 6.185
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.189
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 1.575
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 3.222
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 7.327
    • Vergil, Georgics, 2.10
    • Vergil, Georgics, 4.149
    • Vergil, Georgics, 1.121
    • Caesar, Civil War, 2.31.8
    • Caesar, Civil War, 3.20.4
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 3.51
    • Plautus, Amphitruo, 1.prol
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 4.9
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 5.2
    • Plautus, Captivi, 3.4
    • Plautus, Casina, 4.2
    • Plautus, Cistellaria, 1.2
    • Plautus, Menaechmi, 5.2
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 4.7
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 2.2
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 2.4
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.16
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.24
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.27
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.46
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.58
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.2
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.30
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 3.32
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 18
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 89
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2.11
    • Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 43
    • Lucan, Civil War, 8.78
    • Cornelius Nepos, Datames, 5
    • Cornelius Nepos, Pausanias, 4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 45
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 27, 3.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 28, 4.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 37, 20.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 57.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 21.4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 51.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 8, 12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 23
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 29, 2.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 45, 10.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 7.10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 21
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 18
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 31.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 33.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 17
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 41, 24.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34, 32.9
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 49
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 23.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 5.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 38.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 26.6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30, 42.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 35, 46.13
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 1.18
    • Cicero, De Legibus, 1.21
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 1.20
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 1.5
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.10
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.20
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.28
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.35
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.12
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.19
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.1
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.10
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.17
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 1.5
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 2.3
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 3
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.28
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.37
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.52
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.17
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.22
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.38
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.22
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.17
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 4.43
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 1.27
    • Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 16.4.4
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 117.21
    • Tacitus, Germania, 37
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 32
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 11
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 16
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 52
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 85
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.13.5
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.5.15
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.8.7
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 4.2.3
    • Cicero, Brutus, 15.61
    • Cicero, Brutus, 29.112
    • Cicero, De Inventione, 1.21
    • Cicero, De Inventione, 1.44
hide Display Preferences
Greek Display:
Arabic Display:
View by Default:
Browse Bar: