I.a yoke for oxen, a collar for horses.
I. Lit.: “nos onera quibusdam bestiis, nos juga imponimus,” Cic. N. D. 2, 60, 151: “leones jugo subdere, et ad currum jungere,” Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 55: “(bos) juga detractans,” Verg. G. 3, 57: “tauris solvere,” id. E. 4, 41: “frena jugo concordia ferre,” id. A. 3, 542; Ov. M. 12, 77: “jugum excutere,” Curt. 4, 15, 16.—
B. Transf.
1. A yoke, pair, team of draught-cattle: “ut minus multis jugis ararent,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 51, § 120; a pair of horses, Verg. A. 5, 147: “aquilarum,” a pair, Plin. 10, 4, 5, § 16.—Plur.: “nunc sociis juga pauca boum,” Juv. 8, 108; also for the chariot itself, Verg. A. 10, 594; Sil. 7, 683: “curtum temone jugum,” Juv. 10, 135.—
2. A juger of land: “in Hispania ulteriore metiuntur jugis: jugum vocant, quod juncti boves uno die exarare possint,” Varr. R. R. 1, 10 (but in Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9, the correct reading is jugerum; v. Sillig ad h. l.).—
3. A beam, lath, or rail fastened in a horizontal direction to perpendicular poles or posts, a cross-beam, cross-rail: “palmes in jugum insilit,” Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 175: “vineam sub jugum mittere,” Col. 4, 22.—
4. Esp. as the symbol of humiliation and defeat, a yoke, consisting of two upright spears, and a third laid transversely upon them, under which vanquished enemies were made to pass: “cum male pugnatum apud Caudium esset, legionibus nostris sub jugum missis,” Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109: “exercitum sub jugum mittere,” Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 7; Quint. 3, 8, 3; Liv. 1, 26, 13; 2, 34, 9 al.; also, “sub jugo mittere,” id. 3, 28 fin.—
5. The constellation Libra: “Romam, in jugo cum esset luna, natam esse dicebat,” Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98.—
6. The beam of a weaver's loom: “tela jugo vincta est,” Ov. M. 6, 55.—
7. A rower's bench, Verg. A. 6, 411.—
8. A height or summit of a mountain, a ridge; also, a chain of mountains: “in immensis qua tumet Ida jugis,” Ov. H. 5, 138: “montis,” Verg. E. 5, 76; Caes. B. C. 1, 70: “suspectum jugum Cumis,” Juv. 9, 57; 3, 191.—
II. Trop., yoke, bonds of slavery, matrimony, etc.: Pa. Jamne ea fert jugum? Ph. Tam a me pudicast quasi soror mea, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 50: “cujus a cervicibus jugum servile dejecerant,” Cic. Phil. 1, 2, 6: “Venus Diductos jugo cogit aëneo,” Hor. C. 3, 9, 18: “accipere,” Just. 44, 5, 8: “exuere,” to shake off, Tac. Agr. 31: “excutere,” Plin. Pan. 11: “nondum subacta ferre jugum valet Cervice,” the yoke of marriage, Hor. C. 2, 5, 1. —Of misfortune: “ferre jugum pariter dolosi,” Hor. C. 1, 35, 28: “pari jugo niti,” to work with equal efforts, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 9: “calamitates terroresque mortalium sub jugum mittere,” to subjugate, Sen. de Prov. 4 init.: “felices, qui ferre incommoda vitae, nec jactare jugum vita didicere magistra,” Juv. 13, 22.
