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mălus , a, um, adj. Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. μέλας, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc..—
I.Comp.: pējor, pejus.—Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.: “malus et nequam homo,Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1: “pessima puella,Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10: “delituit mala,Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9: “philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23: “malam opinionem habere de aliquo,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59: “consuetudo,Hor. S. 1, 3, 36: “conscientia,Quint. 12, 1, 3: “mens,id. ib.: “mores,Sall. C. 18: “fures,Hor. S. 1, 1, 77: “Furiae,id. ib. 2, 3, 135: “virus,Verg. G. 1, 129: “cicuta,Hor. S. 2, 1, 56: “libido,Liv. 1, 57: “falx,Verg. E. 3, 11: “gramina,id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17: “abi in malam rem,go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17: “pugna,unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56: “avis,” i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46: “ales,id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4: “haud mala est mulier,not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42: “facies,Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43: “crus,” i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102: “pondus,” i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick: “in malis aeger est,in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.: “tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,id. 3, 5 med.: “eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,id. ib.—In neutr. sing., as adv.: “ne gallina malum responset dura palato,Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.—Comp.: pejor, worse: “via,Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,
1. -lum , i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.
B. In partic.
(α). Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury: “malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,Liv. 2, 54, 10: “malo exercitum coërcere,Sall. J. 100, 5: “sine malo,Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11: “vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56: “amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5: “clementiam illi malo fuisse,was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.): “olet homo quidam malo suo,Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165: “male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—
(β). Wrong-doing: “causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—
(γ). As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment: “quid tu, malum, me sequere?Plaut. Cas. 1, 3: “qui, malum, alii?Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10: “quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—
(δ). As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—
2. măle , adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, ἀλογιστως, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10: “di isti Segulio male faciant,do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1: “o factum male de Alexione!id. Att. 15, 1, 1: “male velle alicui,to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13: “Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,Cic. Sen. 6, 18: “male loqui,id. Rosc. Am. 48: “male loqui alicui, for maledicere,Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25: “male accipere verbis aliquem,Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140: “equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63: “hoc male habet virum,annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5: “male se habere,to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6: “male est animo,it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21: “male est animo,I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33: “male fit animo,I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1: “quae res tibi vertat male,much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37: “male tibi esse malo quam molliter,I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1: “proelium male pugnatum,unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7: “ea quae male empta sunt,at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1: “male vendere,at a sacrifice, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227: “male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34: “male tegere mutationem fortunae,Tac. H. 1, 66: “male sustinere arma,unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2: “male metuo, ne, etc.,exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2: “rauci,miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.— “When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5: “male sana,with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8: “gratus,” i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27: “male fidas provincias,unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17: “statio male fida carinis,unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.—Comp.: “oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.: “pejusque leto flagitium timet,Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and: “cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (68):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 11.21.1
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 7.2.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 14.1.2
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 14.22.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 15.15.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 15.1.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 2.4.1
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 9.10
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 9.15.5
    • Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of Ameria, 48
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.54
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.3.56
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.140
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.3.227
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.3.59
    • Plautus, Amphitruo, 1.1
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 3.6
    • Plautus, Curculio, 2.3
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 4.2
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 4.7
    • Plautus, Rudens, 2.6
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.23
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.471
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 4.8
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 6.527
    • Vergil, Georgics, 1.129
    • Horace, Satires, 1.3.36
    • Horace, Satires, 1.1.77
    • Horace, Satires, 1.2.102
    • Horace, Satires, 1.4.66
    • Horace, Satires, 1.5.96
    • Horace, Satires, 2.1.56
    • Horace, Satires, 2.4.18
    • Caesar, Civil War, 1.63
    • Caesar, Civil War, 2.12
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 1.17
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 1.66
    • Plautus, Asinaria, 1.3
    • Plautus, Asinaria, 5.1
    • Plautus, Aulularia, 1.1
    • Plautus, Bacchides, 5.2
    • Plautus, Captivi, 3.3
    • Plautus, Menaechmi, 2.3
    • Plautus, Rudens, 2.5
    • Plautus, Rudens, 4.4
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.58
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 54
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 28.17
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 3.15
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 54.10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 49.11
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 25.12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 34.11
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 57
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 6
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 3
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.25
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 3.16
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.15
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 3.9
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 6, 3.32
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12, 1.3
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 82.1
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 3.5
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 18
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 100
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 56
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 8.14.41
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