I.“nec id, 1, 1, 1: nec inportatis, 2, 15, 29: nec in, 6, 23, 25: nec inconstantiam, 3, 11, 18: nec injussu, 6, 15, 15: nec ipsius, 1, 26, 41: nec ipsum, 6, 24, 27: nec ulla, 1, 34, 51: nec ullo, 1, 37, 58: nec una, 2, 1, 2: nec hic, 3, 33, 45: nec hominis, 2, 21, 37: nec hunc, 6, 25, 29. Cf. also such passages as neque reliquarum virtutum, nec ipsius rei publicae,” Cic. Rep. 1, 26, 41: “dabo tibi testes nec nimis antiquos nec ullo modo barbaros,” id. ib. 1, 37, 58: “nec atrocius ... neque apertius,” id. Tull. 1, 2: “nec homo occidi nec consulto, etc.,” id. ib. 14, 34. The true distinction is, that in the form nec the negation is more prominent; in the form neque, the connective force of the particle; cf. Hand, Turs. 4, p. 94 sq.), adv. and conj. [ne-que], not; and not, also not.
I. Adv., like ne, in ante-class. Latinity (v. ne, I.) as a general negative particle, = non, not (usually in the form nec. In class. Lat. this usage seems to be confined to certain formulae, as nec opinans, nec procul abesse, nec mancipi, etc.; v. infra): nec conjunctionem grammatici fere dicunt esse disjunctivam, ut: nec legit, nec scribit: cum si diligentius inspiciatur, ut fecit Sinnius Capito, intellegi possit, eam positam esse ab antiquis pro non, ut et in XII. est: AST EI CVSTOS NEC ESCIT, Paul. ex Fest. p. 162 Müll.: “SI INTESTATO MORITVR, CVI SVVS HERES NEC SIT, etc., Lex XII. Tab. (v. App. III. tab. 5): SI AGNATVS NEC ESCIT, etc., ib.: magistratus nec obedientem civem coërceto,” Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6: “senatori, qui nec aderit, culpa esto,” id. ib. 3, 4, 11: “bruti nec satis sardare queunt,” Naev. 1, 4; 1, 7: “tu dis nec recte dicis: non aequum facis,” Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 11: “nec recte,” id. As. 1, 3, 3; 2, 4, 65; id. Most. 1, 3, 83; Cat. 30, 4: “alter, qui nec procul aberat,” Liv. 1, 25, 10: “nec ullus = nullus: cui Parcae tribuere nec ullo vulnere laedi,” Verg. Cir. 269: “differentia mancipi rerum et nec mancipi,” Gai. Inst. 2, 18 sq. —Form neque: si quid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, etc., an old formula of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 4: neque opinantes insidiatores, Auct. B. Afr. 66; Auct. B. Alex. 75.
II. Conj., in all periods and kinds of composition.
A. In gen., = et non, and not, also not.
1. Alone.
(α).
When the negative applies to the principal verb of the clause: multumque laborat, Nec respirandi fit copia, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 437 Vahl.): “illa quae aliis sic, aliis secus, nec iisdem semper uno modo videntur, ficta esse dicimus,” Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47: “delubra esse in urbibus censeo, nec sequor magos Persarum, quibus, etc.,” id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. N. D. 1, 29, 81; id. Rep. 2, 1, 2: “quae mei testes dicunt, quia non viderunt nec sciunt,” id. Tull. 10, 24: “non eros nec dominos appellabant eos ... sed patres et deos. Nec sine causā. Quid enim? etc.,” id. Rep. 1, 41, 64: “illa, nec invideo, fruitur meliore marito,” Ov. H. 2, 79.—
(β).
Less freq. when the negative applies to some other word: “nec inventas illas toto orbe pares vires gloriatur,” Just. 11, 9, 5: “et vidi et perii, nec notis ignibus arsi,” Ov. H. 12, 33: “Anguibus exuitur tenui cum pelle vetustas, Nec faciunt cervos cornua jacta senes ( = et faciunt non senes),” id. A. A. 3, 77: “neque eum aequom facere ait,” Ter. Phorm, 1, 2, 64: “nec dubie ludibrio esse miserias suas,” Liv. 2, 23, 14; 2, 14, 2; esp. in the phrases nec idcirco minus, nec eo minus, nec eo secius, neque eo magis; “thus: nec idcirco minus,” Cic. de Or. 2, 35, 151: “neque eo minus,” Liv. 41, 8, 8; Suet. Oth. 2; id. Vesp. 24: “neque eo secius,” Nep. Att. 2, 2: “neque eo magis,” id. Eum. 4, 2; id. Paus. 3, 5; id. Att. 8, 5: “cum consules in Hernicos exercitum duxissent, neque inventis in agro hostibus, Ferentinum urbem cepissent,” Liv. 7, 9, 1.—
2. So, nec ullus, nec quisquam, for et nullus, et nemo, etc.: “nec ullo Gallorum ibi viro, etc.,” Liv. 38, 25, 3; Tac. Agr. 16: “nec quidquam magis quam ille, etc.,” Curt. 4, 2, 8.—
3. With vero, enim, autem, tamen: “neque vero hoc solum dixit, sed ipse et sentit et fecit,” Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 229: “nec vero jam meo nomine abstinent,” id. Rep. 1, 3, 6: nec enim respexit, etc., id. Clod. et Cur. 4, 4; id. Lael. 10, 32: “neque enim tu is es, qui, qui sis nescias,” id. Fam. 5, 12, 6: “nec tamen didici, etc.,” id. Rep. 2, 38, 64: “neque autem ego sum ita demens, ut, etc.,” id. Fam. 5, 12, 6.—
B. In partic.
1. Nec = ne ... quidem, not even (in Liv. and later writers; “in Cic. dub. since B. and K. read ne ... quidem,” Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 7; id. Tusc. 1, 26, 65; id. Cat. 2, 4, 8; cf. “Hand, Turs. 4, 105 sqq.): ne quid ex antiquo praeter sonum linguae, nec eum incorruptum, retinerent,” Liv. 5, 33, 11: “Maharbal nec ipse eruptionem cohortium sustinuit,” id. 23, 18, 4: “nec nos,” id. 3, 52, 9; 34, 32, 9; 37, 20, 8; 38, 23, 3; “40, 20, 6: non spes modo, sed nec dilatio,” Just. 11, 8, 4: “tam pauper, quam nec miserabilis Irus,” Mart. 6, 77, 1; 5, 70, 6: Juv. 2, 151: “interrogatus, an facta hominum deos fallerent, nec cogitata, inquit,” Val. Max. 7, 2, ext. 8; Tac. G. 6: “nec ipse,” Suet. Claud. 46; Flor. 1, 15, 3; Lact. 5, 13, 12; Amm. 14, 10, 3.—
2. Nec = etiam non (freq. in Quint.): “ut, si in urbe fines non reguntur, nec aqua in urbe arceatur,” Cic. Top. 4, 23; id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: “nec si quid dicere satis non est, ideo nec necesse est,” Quint. 1, 1, 21: “quod in foro non expedit, illic nec liceat,” id. 9, 2, 67; 5, 10, 86; 12, 3, 6; “2, 13, 7: sed neque haec in principem,” Tac. A. 4, 34; 3, 29; 2, 82.—
3. Neque (nec) ... neque (nec), neither ... nor: quae neque Dardaniis campis potuere perire, Nec cum capta capi, nec cum combusta cremari, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 360 Vahl.): “nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum ... neque cum, etc.,” Cic. Att. 8, 12, 2: “nec meliores nec beatiores,” id. Rep. 1, 19, 32: “mors nec ad vivos pertineat nec ad mortuos,” id. Tusc. 1, 38, 91: “virtus nec eripi nec surripi potest umquam: neque naufragio neque incendio amittitur,” id. Par. 6, 3, 51: neque ego neque Caesar, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 20, 1; cf.: “haec si neque ego neque tu fecimus,” Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 23; so, “non ... nec ... neque ... neque: perspicuum est, non omni caussae, nec auditori neque personae neque tempori congruere orationis unum genus,” Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210.—The second nec is rarely placed after a word in the clause (poet.): “nec deus hunc mensā, dea nec dignata cubili est,” Verg. E. 4, 63; id. A. 4, 365; 696: “sed nec Brutus erit, Bruti nec avunculus usquam,” Juv. 14, 43.—With a preceding negative, which, however, does not destroy the negation contained in neque ... neque: “non mediusfidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere,” Cic. Att. 9, 12, 1: “ut omnes intellegant, nihil me nec subterfugere voluisse reticendo nec obscurare dicendo,” id. Clu. 1, 1: “nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis, neque forensibus neque domesticis, neque si tecum agas, neque si cum altero contrahas vacare officio potest,” id. Off. 1, 2, 4: “nemo umquam neque poëta neque orator fuit, qui, etc.,” id. Att. 14, 20, 3; 8, 1, 3; Liv. 38, 50, 11.—
4. Neque (nec) ... et (que), and et ... neque (nec), when one clause is affirmative, on the one hand not ... and on the other hand; not only not ... but also; or the contrary, on the one hand ... and on the other hand not; not only ... but also not.
a. Neque (nec) ... et (que): “id neque amoris mediocris et ingenii summi et sapientiae judico,” Cic. Att. 1, 20, 1: “animal nullum inveniri potest, quod neque natum umquam sit, et semper sit futurum,” id. N. D. 3, 13, 32; id. Off. 2, 12, 43; id. Brut. 58, 198; Caes. B. G. 4, 1; Tac. A. 3, 35: “ex quo intellegitur nec intemperantiam propter se fugiendam esse temperantiamque expetendam,” Cic. Fin. 1, 14, 48: “perficiam, ut neque bonus quisquam intereat, paucorumque poenā vos omnes jam salvi esse possitis,” id. Cat. 2, 13, 28: “sed nec illa exstincta sunt, alunturque potius et augentur cogitatione et memoriā,” id. Lael. 27, 104; Ov. M. 2, 42; 811.—
b. Et ... neque (nec): “ego vero et exspectabo ea quae polliceris neque exigam nisi tuo commodo,” Cic. Brut. 4, 17: “patebat via et certa neque longa,” id. Phil. 11, 2, 4: “intellegitis et animum ei praesto fuisse, nec consilium defuisse,” id. ib. 13, 6, 13: “et ... nec ... et ... et,” id. Tusc. 5, 38, 112.—
5. Neque (nec) non (also in one word, necnon), emphatically affirmative, and also, and besides, and indeed, and: “nec haec non deminuitur scientia,” Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: “neque meam mentem non domum saepe revocat exanimata uxor,” Cic. Cat. 4, 2, 3: “nec vero non eadem ira deorum hanc ejus satellitibus injecit amentiam,” id. Mil. 32, 86: “nec vero Aristoteles non laudandus in eo, quod, etc.,” id. N. D. 2, 16, 44: neque tamen illa non ornant, habiti honores, etc., id. de Or. 2, 85, 347: “neque tristius dicere quicquam debeo hac de re, neque non me tamen mordet aliquid,” id. Fam. 3, 12, 2: “nec non et sterilis, etc.,” Verg. G. 2, 53; id. A. 8, 461; Suet. Tit. 5.—
b. In Varro and after the Aug. per., nec non (or as one word, necnon) freq. as a simple conjunction = et, and, and likewise, and so too, and also: “ibi vidi greges magnos anserum, gallinarum, gruum, pavonum, necnon glirium, etc.,” Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 14; Col. 8, 15, 6: “nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes Convenere,” Verg. A. 1, 707; Plin. 13, 22, 38, § 118: “nec non etiam poëmata faciebat ex tempore,” Suet. Gram. 23: “nec non et ante,” Vulg. 2 Reg. 23, 13: “nec non et quasi,” id. 2 Par. 3, 16. —
6. Neque (nec) dum (also in one word, necdum), and not yet, not yet: “ille autem quid agat, si scis neque dum Romā es profectus, scribas ad me velim,” Cic. Att. 14, 10, 4; Cels. 5, 26, n. 33; Suet. Aug. 10; Juv. 11, 66: “necdum tamen ego Quintum conveneram,” Cic. Att. 6, 3, 2: “necdum etiam audierant inflari classica, necdum Impositos duris crepitare incudibus enses,” Verg. G. 2, 539; id. A. 11, 70.—Strengthened by tamen: “philosophi summi, neque dum tamen sapientiam consecuti, nonne intellegunt in summo se malo esse?” Cic. Tusc. 3, 28, 68; id. Att. 6, 3, 3: “et necdum (post-Aug.),” and not yet, Plin. Pan. 14, 1.—
7. Nec ... quidem; v. quidem.—
C. Neque = et ne or neve.
1. Expressing negative purpose.
(α).
After ut (class.): “ut ea, quae regie statuit in aratores, praetermittam neque eos appellem, a quibus, etc.,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115: “hortemur liberos nostros, ut animo rei magnitudinem complectantur, neque eis praeceptis quibus utuntur omnes, ut consequi posse confidant, etc.,” id. de Or. 1, 5, 19: “peterent ut dediticiis suis parcerent, neque in eum agrum arma inferrent,” Liv. 7, 31, 4; 1, 2, 4; 3, 52, 11; 27, 20, 12.—
(β).
After ne (not ante-Aug.): “conspirāsse inde, ne manus ad os cibum ferrent, nec os acciperet datum, nec dentes conficerent,” Liv. 2, 32, 10; 3, 21, 6; 4, 4, 11; 26, 42, 2.—
2. In a prohibition (rare): “nec id mirati sitis, priusquam, etc.,” Liv. 5, 53, 3: “nec a me nunc quisquam quaesiverit, quid, etc.,” id. 9, 9, 9: “nec quicquam raptim aut forte temere egeritis,” id. 23, 5, 3.—
D. In contrasts, but not, not however (class.): “ubi aetas tantum modo quaestui neque luxuriae modum fecerat,” Sall. C. 24, 3: “gloriosa modo neque belli patrandi,” id. J. 88, 4: “consulatus sine ulla patrum injuriā, nec sine offensione fuit,” Liv. 3, 55, 1: “oppida oppugnata nec obsessa sunt,” id. 5, 12, 5; Plin. Ep. 3, 1, 9; Quint. 8, 6, 74; Tac. Agr. 8.
