I.to hit, thrust, strike, or dash against something (syn.: illido, impingo; class.).
I. Lit.: “offendere caput ad fornicem,” Quint. 6, 3, 67: “latus vehementer,” Cic. Clu. 62, 175: “coxam,” to hurt himself in the haunch, Col. 5, 9, 1: pedem, Auct. B. Hisp. 23; Ov. F. 2, 720: “solido,” against something solid, Hor. S. 2, 1, 78: “in scopulis offendit puppis,” strikes on, Ov. P. 4, 14, 22: “in redeundo offenderunt,” ran aground, Caes. B. C. 3, 8: “in cornua,” Sol. 40: “ne quem in cursu capite, aut cubito, aut pectore offendam, aut genu,” Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 2: “visco,” id. Poen. 2, 37.—
B. Transf., to hit upon, light upon a person or thing, i. e. to come upon, meet with, find (syn.: deprehendo, invenio): si te hic offendero, moriere, Enn. ap. Cic. Rab. Post. 11, 29 (Trag. v. 301 Vahl.); cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: “haec, cum ego a foro revortar, facite ut offendam parata,” Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 30: “paululum si cessassem, Domi non offendissem,” Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 5: “si te in plateā offendero hac post umquam, periisti,” id. ib. 5, 8, 34; id. Phorm. 5, 1, 31: “imparatum te offendam,” will come upon you unawares, will surprise you, Cic. Fam. 2, 3: “eundem bonorum sensum,” id. ib. 1, 9, 17: “nondum perfectum templum offendere,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64: “omnia aliter ac jusserat offendit,” id. Rep. 1, 38, 59.—
II. Trop.
A. In gen., to suffer damage, receive an injury: “quis est tam Lynceus, qui in tantis tenebris nihil offendat, nusquam incurrat?” Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 2: “in causis,” id. de Or. 2, 74, 301: “ad fortunam,” Phaedr. 4, 14, 6.—
B. In partic., to stumble, blunder, make a mistake, commit a fault; to commit an offence, to be offensive (syn.: “pecco, delinquo): in quo ipsi offendissent, alios reprehendissent,” Cic. Clu. 36, 98: “sin quid offenderit, sibi totum, tibi nihil offenderit,” id. Fam. 2, 18, 3: “offendebant illi quidem apud gravīs et honestos homines, sed populi judiciis florebant,” gave offence to, id. Sest. 49, 105: “se apud plebem offendisse de aerario,” id. Att. 10, 4, 8: “neque in eo solum offenderat, quod,” Nep. Phoc. 2, 2: legi, to offend against or violate the law, Dig. 22, 1, 1.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), to offend, commit a sin: “in multis enim offendimus omnes,” Vulg. Jac. 3, 2.— Of things, to be offensive: “cum nihil aliud offenderit,” Liv. 2, 2, 2; cf. id. 4, 42, 2.—
C. To find fault with, be displeased with, take offence at any thing: “at credo, in Caesarem probatis, in me offenditis,” Caes. B. C. 2, 32: “si in me aliquid offendistis,” have taken any offence at me, Cic. Mil. 36, 99.—
D. To fail in any thing, i. e. to have a misfortune, to be unfortunate, meet with ill success: “apud judices offendere, opp. causam iis probare,” Cic. Clu. 23, 63: “cum multi viri fortes offenderint,” Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 50, § 131: “tamquam M. Atilius primo accessu ad Africam offenderit,” i. e. met with a calamity, Liv. 28, 43, 17; cf. I. A. supra.—Impers. pass.: “sin aliquid esset offensum,” Cic. Fam. 1, 7: “quoties culpā ducis esset offensum,” might have met with a defeat, Caes. B. C. 3, 72; cf.: “nullum ejusmodi casum exspectans, quo . . . in milibus passuum tribus offendi posset,” id. B. G. 6, 36 Kraner ad loc.: “at si valetudo ejus offendissit,” failed, Gell. 4, 2, 10.—
E. To shock, offend, mortify, vex, displease one: “me exquisisse aliquid, in quo te offenderem,” Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 4: “tuam existimationem,” id. ib. 3, 8, 7: “neminem umquam non re, non verbo, non vultu denique offendit,” id. Balb. 26, 59: “offensus nemo contumeliā,” id. Att. 6, 3, 3: “ne offendam patrem,” id. ib. 6, 3, 9: “ut eos splendor offendat,” id. Fam. 1, 7, 7: “extinctum lumen recens offendit nares,” Lucr. 6, 791: “offendere tot caligas, tot Milia clavorum,” provoke, Juv. 16, 24: “polypodion offendit stomachum,” disagrees with, Plin. 26, 8, 37, § 58: “ne colorum claritas aciem oculorum offenderet,” id. 35, 10, 36, § 97.—Pass., to be displeased, feel hurt: “multis rebus meus offendebatur animus,” Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10.— With inf.: “ut non offendar subripi (ista munera),” so that I am not offended at their being taken from me, Phaedr. 4, 11, 6: componi aliquid de se, offendebatur, he took it ill, if, etc., Suet. Aug. 8, 9 fin.—Hence, of-fensus , a, um, P. a.
A. Offensive, odious (cf.: “invisus, odiosus, infensus): miserum atque invidiosum offensumque ordinem senatorium!” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 62, § 145: “offensum et invisum esse alicui,” id. Sest. 58, 125.—As subst.: offensum , i, n., the offence: “offensum est quod eorum, qui audiunt, voluntatem laedit,” Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 92.—
B. Offended, displeased, vexed, incensed, imbittered: “offensus et alienatus animus,” Cic. Att. 1, 17, 7: “aliena et offensa populi voluntas,” id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106: offensos merere deos, Ov. H. 21, 48: offensi animi regum, Auct. B. Alex. 32.—Comp.: “quem cum esse offensiorem arbitrarer,” Cic. Att. 1, 5, 2: “quem sibi offensiorem sciebat esse,” id. Clu. 62, 172; id. Att. 1, 5, 5.
