I.a bulwark, tower, rampart, fortress, defence (class.).
I. Lit.: “pontes et propugnacula jungunt,” Verg. A. 9, 170; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88: “Siciliae,” i. e. the fleet, id. ib. 2, 3, 80, § “186: solidati muri, propugnacula addita,” Tac. H. 2, 19: “moenium,” id. ib. 3, 84: “navium,” i. e. ships furnished with towers, Hor. Epod. 1, 2; cf.: “armatae classes imponunt sibi turrium propugnacula,” Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 3: “oppositum barbaris,” Nep. Them. 6, 5: “domus ut propugnacula habeat,” Cic. Fam. 14, 18, 2: propugnacula aequoris, dams or dikes, Stat. S. 3, 3, 101: “Cremona propugnaculum adversus Gallos,” Tac. H. 3, 54.—
II. Trop., a bulwark, protection, defence (class.): “lex Aelia et Fufia propugnacula tranquillitatis,” Cic. Pis. 4, 9; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40: “tyrannidis propugnacula,” Nep. Timol. 3, 3; Gell. 7, 3, 47; Liv. 34, 61.
