I. A calling out, summoning, challenging to combat (post-Aug.): “ex provocatione hostem interemit,” Vell. 1, 12, 4; Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 81; 7, 28, 29, § 101; 33, 1, 4, § 12.—
II. A stimulus, provocation, encouragement (late Lat.): “in provocationem caritatis,” Vulg. Heb. 10, 24. —
III. A citation before a higher tribunal, an appeal (freq. and class.): “ad populum provocatio esto,” Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6; cf.: “Publicola legem ad populum tulit ... ne quis magistratus civem Romanum adversus provocationem necaret neve verberaret,” id. Rep. 2, 31, 53; 2, 36, 61; 2, 37, 62; 3, 32, 44; id. de Or. 2, 48, 99; id. Agr. 2, 13, 33; Liv. 1, 26: “provocationem interponere,” to appeal, Dig. 49, 1, 18: “est provocatio,” an appeal lies, Liv. 3, 55; Sen. Ep. 108, 31: “appellatio provocatioque,” Liv. 3, 56 et saep.; Plin. praef. § 10.—In plur.: “provocationes omnium rerum,” Cic. Rep. 1, 40, 62.
