I.gen. quojus; dat. quoi, and in inscrr. QVOEI, QVOIEI, and QVEI; abl. qui; plur. ques or queis; fem. QVAI; neutr. qua; dat. and abl. queis and quĭs.—Joined with cum: quocum, quācum, quicum, quibuscum; “rarely cum quo,” Liv. 7, 33: “cum quibus,” id. 4, 5. — Placed also before other prepositions: quas contra, quem propter, etc.; v. h. praepp.), pron.
I. Interrog., who? which? what? what kind or sort of a? (adjectively; while quis, quid is used substantively; qui, of persons, asks for the character, quis usu. for the name).
A. In direct questions: quae haec daps est? qui festus dies? what sort of a feast? what kind of a festival? Liv. And. ap. Prisc. p. 752 P. (a transl. of Hom. Od. 1, 225: τίς δαΐς, τίς δὲ ὅμιλος ὅδ̓ ἔπλετο; cf. Herm. Doctr. Metr. p. 619): Th. Quis fuit igitur? Py. Iste Chaerea. Th. Qui Chaerea? what Chærea? Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 8: “qui color, nitor, vestitus?” id. ib. 2, 2, 11: “qui cantus dulcior inveniri potest? quod carmen aptius? qui actor in imitandā veritate jucundior?” Cic. de Or. 2, 8, 34: “virgo, quae patria est tua?” Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 88: “occiso Sex. Roscio, qui primus Ameriam nuntiat?” what sort of a person? Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 96.—
B. In indirect discourse: “scribis te velle scire, qui sit rei publicae status,” what is the state of the country, Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 10: “quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo Sit pecori ... Hinc canere incipiam,” Verg. G. 1, 3: “iste deus qui sit da, Tityre, nobis,” id. E. 1, 18; 2, 19; 3, 8; id. A. 3, 608: “nescimus qui sis,” Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 20: “qui sit, qui socium fraudarit, consideremus,” id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17.—
II. Rel., who, which, what, that, referring to a substantive or pronoun as antecedent.
A. As a simple rel.
1. With antecedent expressed: “habebat ducem Gabinium, quīcum quidvis rectissime facere posset,” Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48: “ille vir, cui patriae salus dulcior fuit,” id. Balb. 5, 11: “vir acer, cui, etc.,” id. Brut. 35, 135: “vir optimus, qui, etc.,” id. Fam. 14, 4, 2: “Priscus, vir cujus, etc.,” Liv. 4, 46, 10; 23, 7, 4: “quod ego fui ad Trasimenum, id tu hodie es,” id. 30, 30, 12: “collaria, quae vocantur maelium,” Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 15: “coloniam, quam Fregellas appellent,” Liv. 8, 23: “sucus, quem opobalsamum vocant,” Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 116: “sidere, quod Caniculam appellavimus,” id. 18, 28, 68, § 272. —
2. With pronom. antecedent understood: QVI IN IVS VOCABIT, IVMENTVM DATO, Lex XII. Tabularum: SI ADORAT FVRTO, QVOD NEC MANIFESTVM ESCIT, ib. tab. 2, 1. 8: “novistine hominem? ridicule rogitas, quīcum una cibum capere soleo,” Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 60: “beati, quīs contigit, etc.,” Verg. A. 1, 95: “fac, qui ego sum, esse te,” Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1. —
3. The rel. freq. agrees with the foll. word: “est locus in carcere, quod Tullianum appellatur,” Sall. C. 55, 3: “ealoca, quae Numidia appellatur,” id. J. 18, 11: “exstat ejus peroratio, qui epilogus dicitur,” Cic. Brut. 33, 127: “justa gloria, qui est fructus virtutis,” id. Pis. 24, 57: “domicilia conjuncta, quas urbes dicimus,” id. Sest. 42, 91. —
4. Sometimes it agrees with the logical, not the grammatical antecedent: “ne tu me arbitrare beluam, qui non novisse possim, quīcum aetatem exegerim,” Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 112: “ubi est scelus qui me perdidit?” Ter. And. 3, 5, 1: “hoc libro circumcisis rebus, quae non arbitror pertinere ad agriculturam,” Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 11: “abundantia earum rerum, quae prima mortales ducunt,” Sall. J. 41, 1; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2: “illa furia muliebrium relligionum, qui, etc.,” id. ib. 1, 9, 15: alteram alam mittit, qui satagentibus occurrerent, Auct. B. Afr. 78. —
5. Relating to a remote subject: “annis ferme DX post Romam conditam Livius fabulam dedit ... anno ante natum Ennium: qui (sc. Livius) fuit major natu quam Plautus et Naevius,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 3; v. the commentators ad loc.; Liv. 21, 26, 2; 31, 38, 10; 37, 14, 2; cf. Krehl ad Prisc. 2, 9, § 48, p. 91.—
6. The antecedent is sometimes repeated after the rel.: “erant itinera duo, quibus itineribus, etc.,” Caes. B. G. 1, 6. —
7. In a question, with ne affixed: sed ubi Artotrogus hic est? Art. Stat propter virum fortem ... Mil. Quemne ego servavi in campis Curculioniis? whom I saved? Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 9: “quemne ego vidi?” whom I saw? Ter. And. 4, 4, 29.—
B. With an accessory signif., causal or final, joined to the subj.
1. As, because, seeing that, since: “Actio maluimus iter facere pedibus, qui incommodissime navigassemus,” Cic. Att. 5, 9, 1: “hospes, qui nihil suspicaretur,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 64; “ingrata es, ore quae caput nostro Incolume abstuleris,” Phaedr. 1, 8, 11.—
2. Qui, with the subj., also follows dignus, indignus, aptus, idoneus, etc., answering the question, to or for what? dignus est, qui imperet, i. e. to, Cic. Leg. 3, 2, 5: “dignum esse dicunt, quīcum in tenebris mices,” id. Off. 3, 19, 77: “socios haud indignos judicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis,” Liv. 23, 43: “idoneus nemo fuit quem imitarere,” Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41.—
3. Also after demonstrr. or clauses expressing or implying a quality or degree which is defined or explained in the rel.-clause: “qui potest temperantiam laudare is, qui ponat summum bonum in voluptate?” Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117: “nullo modo videre potest quicquam esse utile, quod non honestum sit,” id. ib. 3, 19, 77: “non sumus ii, quibus nihil verum esse videatur,” id. N. D. 1, 5, 12: “nunc dicis aliquid quod ad rem pertineat,” id. Rosc. Am. 18, 52: “quis potest esse tam mente captus, qui neget?” as that, that, to, id. Cat. 3, 9.—
4. To express a purpose, design, in order that, to: “sunt autem multi, qui eripiunt aliis, quod aliis largiantur,” Cic. Off. 1, 14, 43: “Caesar equitatum praemisit, qui viderent,” Caes. B. G. 1, 15: “domi creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent,” Nep. Milt. 1, 4. —
C. The rel. serves as a connective, instead of is, ea, id, with a conj.: “res loquitur ipsa, quae semper valet plurimum,” and this, Cic. Mil. 20, 53: “ratio docet esse deos, quo concesso, confitendum est, etc.,” id. N. D. 2, 30, 75.—
D. The rel. sometimes means, by virtue of, according to, such: “quae tua natura est,” according to your disposition, Cic. Fam. 13, 78, 2: “qui meus amor in te est,” such is my love, id. ib. 7, 2, 1.—
E. In neutr. sing.
a. Quod signifies,
1. As much as, as far as, what, = quantum: “adjutabo quod potero,” Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 7: “cura, quod potes, ut valeas,” Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6: “quae tibi mandavi, velim ut cures, quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris,” id. Att. 1, 5, 7: “tu tamen, quod poteris, nos consiliis juvabis,” id. ib. 10, 2, 2; 11, 2, 2; 11, 12, 4; id. Fam. 3, 2, 2: “nihil cuiquam, quod suum dici vellet,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36: “(Epicurus) se unus, quod sciam, sapientem profiteri est ausus,” id. Fin. 2, 3, 7: “quod tuo commodo fiat,” id. Fam 4, 2, 4: quod litteris exstet, id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38: “quod sciam,” Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 14: “quod ad me attinet,” as far as depends on me, for my part, Cic. Rosc. Am. 42, 122.— With ellips. of attinet: quod ad Caesarem crebri et non belli de eo rumores, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7; Varr. L. L. 5, § 57 Müll.—With gen.: “quod operae,” so much trouble, Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19: “quod aeris,” Liv. 8, 20. —
b. Quo, abl. neutr., with compp. (with or without hoc, eo, or tanto): quo ... eo, by how much, by so much, the ... the: “quo difficilius, hoc praeclarius,” Cic. Off. 1, 19, 64.—
III. Indef., any one, any; with si, num, ne, v. quis: “quaeritur, num quod officium aliud alio majus sit,” Cic. Off. 1, 3, 7: “si qui graviore vulnere accepto equo deciderat,” Caes. B. G. 1, 48: “nisi si qui publice ad eam rem constitutus esset,” Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 65: “(BACANALIA) SEI QVA SVNT, S. C. de Bacchan.: ne qui forte putet,” Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 8.
