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rōbur (rōbor , v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus , Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. ῥώννυμι for ῥώθνυμι, to strengthen, ῥώμη,
I.a very hard kind of oak (cf.: “quercus, ilex),Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,
I. Lit.
1. In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood: “morsus roboris,” i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat); “so of the same,id. G. 2, 305; cf.: “solido de robore myrtus,id. ib. 2, 64: “annoso validam robore quercum,” i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so, “annoso robore quercus,Ov. M. 8, 743: “antiquo robore quercus,with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332: “Massyla, i. e. citri,Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also, “Maurorum,id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—
2. Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.: “fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,” i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92: “agitata robora pulsant (delphines),id. ib. 1, 303.—
3. Oak-wood, oak: “naves totae factae ex robore,Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.: “(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.: “illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.: “o saxis nimirum et robore nati!Stat. Th. 4, 340. —
II. Transf.
A. Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.
1. In gen.: “Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,” i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy: “sacrum,Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance: “ferro praefixum,id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.: “aratri,” i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—
2. In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum): “Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,Liv. 38, 59 fin.: “robur et saxum minitari,Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1: “verbera, carnifices, robur,Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—
B. Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).
1. Lit.: “duri robora ferri,Lucr. 2, 449; so, “ferri,Verg. A. 7, 609: “saxi,Lucr. 1, 882: “navium,Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.: “qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: “paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,id. Cael. 30, 73: “solidaeque suo stant robore vires,Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21: “si quod est robur,Flor. 2, 1, 1.—
b. Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—
c. Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.): “versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.: “quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,Caes. B. C. 3, 87: “quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.: “senatūs robur,Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.: “tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,Cic. Clu. 56, 163: “haec sunt nostra robora,id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.: “robora pubis,Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510: “ingentia robora virorum,Plin. Pan. 34, 3: “conferta robora virorum,Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold: “quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,Tac. H. 2, 19.—Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat: “quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,Col. 2, 6, 1.
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hide References (63 total)
  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (63):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 10.33
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 6.1.3
    • Cicero, Letters to Atticus, 6.5.3
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 3.13
    • Cicero, For Marcus Caelius, 30.73
    • Cicero, On Pompey's Command, 4.10
    • Cicero, For Lucius Murena, 35.74
    • Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of Ameria, 51.149
    • Cicero, Philippics, 10.8.16
    • Cicero, For Plancius, 8.21
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 56.163
    • Cicero, For Lucius Murena, 28.58
    • Cicero, For Milo, 37.101
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 12.349
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 8.743
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 14.454
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 1.303
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 7.510
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 12.783
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.230
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 8.518
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 2.639
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 7.609
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 4.441
    • Vergil, Georgics, 1.162
    • Vergil, Georgics, 3.332
    • Vergil, Georgics, 2.305
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 3.92
    • Caesar, Civil War, 3.87
    • Tacitus, Annales, 4.29
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 2.19
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.84
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2.449
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 5.895
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 1.882
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 3.1017
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 5.820
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 16.19
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 16.28
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30, 2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 38, 59
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 39
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 12, Summary
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 26
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 54
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 37, 30
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7, 7
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 5.5
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.41
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.40
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.5
    • C. Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, 7.555
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, pr.3
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 5.4
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 3.10
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 10.3
    • Ovid, Tristia, 5.12
    • Statius, Thebias, 4
    • Statius, Silvae, 3.3
    • Columella, Res Rustica, 2.6.1
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.5.13
    • Cicero, Orator, 10.34
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