I.a slave, servant, serf, serving-man; a female slave, maid-servant.
A. Masc. (syn.: famulus, mancipium), Enn. ap. Non. 471, 19 (Com. v. 5 Vahl.); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 3, 17: servi, ancillae, id. ap. Fest. s. v. prohibere, p. 234 Müll.; cf.: “Ulixes domi etiam contumelias servorum ancillarumque pertulit,” Cic. Off. 1, 31, 113: “servus armiger,” Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 39: “dotalis,” id. As. 1, 1, 72: “frugi,” id. Aul. 4, 1, 1: “graphicus et quantivis pretii,” id. Ep. 3, 3, 29: “nequam et malus,” id. Poen. 5, 2, 70: “scelestus, infidelis,” id. Trin. 2, 4, 126: “peculiosus,” id. Rud. 1, 2, 24: “peculiaris,” id. Capt. prol. 20: “fallax,” Ov. Am. 1, 15, 17: “servus a pedibus,” Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: “a manu,” Suet. Caes. 74: “aliquem servum sibi habere ad manum,” Cic. de Or. 3, 60, 225: publici, public slaves, S. C. ap. Front. Aquaed. 100; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 13, 4; Cic. Phil. 8, 8, 24; Liv. 9, 29 fin. et saep.; cf. Dig. 1, 5, 5.—Prov.: quot servi, tot hostes, Sinn. Capito ap. Fest. s. v. quot, p. 261 Müll.; cf. Sen. Ep. 47, 3; Macr. S. 1, 11 med.—Esp.: poenae servus, a slave of punishment, i. e. condemned to servile labor, Just. Inst. 1, 12, 3; Dig. 48, 19, 17.—
2. Trop.: “vidit enim eos, qui se judiciorum dominos dici volebant, harum cupiditatum esse servos,” Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58: “neque tam servi illi dominorum, quam tu libidinum,” id. ib. 2, 4, 50, § “112: omnium libidinum servi,” Plin. Ep. 8, 22, 1: “adulescens libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus,” Vell. 2, 73, 1: “servus potestatis,” Cic. Cael. 32, 79; cf. “also the doubtful reading: legum omnes servi sumus ut liberi esse possimus,” id. Clu. 53, 146 (where B. and K. have omnes servimus).—
B. Fem. (mostly anteclass. for ancilla): “servae sint istae an liberae,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 62: “ego serva sum,” id. Cist. 4, 2, 99; id. Pers. 4, 4, 63; id. Poen. 5, 4, 31: “serva nata,” id. Rud. 1, 3, 37: “servum servaque natum regnum occupasse,” Liv. 1, 47 fin.: “serva Briseis,” Hor. C. 2, 4, 3 et saep.
