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spīrĭtus , ūs (scanned spĭrĭtus, Sedul. Hymn. 1
I.fin.; dat. SPIRITO, Inscr. Orell. 3030; gen., dat., and abl. plur. only eccl. and late Lat., e. g. spirituum, Vulg. Marc. 6, 7: “spiritibus,Aug. Serm. 216, 11 fin.; Vulg. Luc. 8, 2), m. spiro, a breathing or gentle blowing of air, a breath, breeze (syn.: aura, flatus).
I. Lit.
A. In gen.: “spiritum a vento modus separat: vehementior enim spiritus ventus est, invicem spiritus leviter fluens aër,Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 4; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 5: spiritus Austri Imbricitor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 423 Vahl.), Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 44, 114: “Boreae,Verg. A. 12, 365: “quo spiritus non pervenit,Varr. R. R. 1, 57, 2; cf.: “silentis vel placidi spiritus dies,Col. 3, 19 fin.: “alvus cum multo spiritu redditur,Cels. 2, 7 med.
B. In partic.
1. The air: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll. (Ann. v. 511 Vahl.): “proximum (igni) spiritus, quem Graeci nostrique eodem vocabulo aëra appellant,Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 10: “quid tam est commune quam spiritus vivis?Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72; cf. Quint. 12, 11, 13: “potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut hujus caeli spiritus esse jucundus?Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 15.—
2. An exhalation, smell, odor: “spiritus unguenti suavis,Lucr. 3, 222: “foedi odoris,Cels. 5, 26, 31 fin.: “florum,Gell. 9, 4, 10: “sulfuris,Pall. Aug. 9, 1; cf. Hor. C. 3, 11, 19.—
C. Transf.
1. In abstr., a breathing: “aspera arteria excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136; cf. id. ib. 2, 55, 138: “aër spiritu ductus alit et sustentat animantes,id. ib. 2, 39, 101: “crevit onus neque habet quas ducat spiritus auras,Ov. M. 12, 517.—Esp.: spiritum intercludere (includere), to stop the breath, suffocate, choke, etc.: “lacrimae spiritum et vocem intercluserunt,Liv. 40, 16, 1; 40, 24, 7; so, “includere,id. 21, 58, 4.—
2. The breath of a god, inspiration: “haec fieri non possent, nisi ea uno divino et continuato spiritu continerentur,by a divine inspiration, Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19; 3, 11, 28; cf.: “poëtam quasi divino quodam spiritu inflari,id. Arch. 8, 18.—
4. Poet.,= suspirium, a sigh, Prop. 1, 16, 32; 2, 29 (3, 27), 38.—
5. In gram., a breathing or aspiration (asper and lenis), Prisc. p. 572 P.; Aus. Idyll. 12 de Monos. Graec. et Lat. 19. —
6. The hiss of a snake, Verg. Cul. 180.—
II. Trop.
A. (Class.) A haughty spirit, haughtiness, pride, arrogance; also, spirit, high spirit, energy, courage (esp. freq. in the plur.; syn. animi).
B. (Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose.) Spirit, soul, mind.
(β). Plur.: Coriolanus hostiles jam tum spiritus gerens, Liv. 2, 35; Curt. 5, 8, 17.—*
b. Transf. (like anima, and the Engl. soul), a beloved object, Vell. 2, 123 fin.
2. Spiritus, personified, a spirit (late Lat.); so, “esp., Spiritus Sanctus or simply Spiritus,the Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit, Cod. Just. 1, 1, 1; Aus. Ephem. 2, 18: “jurare per Deum et per Christum et per Spiritum Sanctum,Veg. 2, 5: “nocens ille Spiritus,an evil spirit, Lact. 4, 27, 12: “Spiritus nigri,evil spirits, Sedul. Carm. 3, 41.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (70):
    • Cicero, Letters to his brother Quintus, 1.2.2
    • New Testament, Luke, 8.2
    • New Testament, Mark, 6.7
    • Caesar, Gallic War, 1.33
    • Cicero, Against Catiline, 1.6.15
    • Cicero, For Aulus Cluentius, 39.109
    • Cicero, On Pompey's Command, 22.66
    • Cicero, For Sextus Roscius of Ameria, 26.72
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.3.22
    • Cicero, Against Verres, 2.5.118
    • Cicero, On the Agrarian Law, 2.34.93
    • Cicero, For Archias, 12.30
    • Cicero, For Sulla, 9.27
    • Cicero, For Archias, 8.18
    • Cicero, For Sestius, 37.79
    • Cicero, Philippics, 10.10.20
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 31
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 35
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 54
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 12.517
    • Ovid, Metamorphoses, 15.167
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 12.365
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 4.336
    • Vergil, Aeneid, 5.648
    • Vergil, Georgics, 3.505
    • Horace, Satires, 1.4.46
    • Horace, Satires, 2.3.311
    • Caesar, Civil War, 3.72
    • Tacitus, Annales, 16.34
    • Tacitus, Annales, 16.26
    • Tacitus, Historiae, 3.66
    • Plautus, Miles Gloriosus, 1.1
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 3.47
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 6.1186
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 3.222
    • Cornelius Nepos, Dion, 5.5
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 2.10
    • Pliny the Younger, Epistulae, 5.6.5
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 2.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 24.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26, 24
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 22.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 58
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 22
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 42.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7, 40
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 16.1
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 2.54
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 2.55
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 2.7
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 9
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.40
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 1, 8.5
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 4.68
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 1.44
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 3.32
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 3.53
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12, 11.13
    • Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 9.4.10
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 74.29
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 78.4
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 90.14
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 3.27
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 4.4
    • A. Cornelius Celsus, De Medicina, 5.26
    • Sextus Propertius, Elegies, 3.17
    • Columella, Res Rustica, 3.19
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 5.8.17
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 6.1.19
    • Cicero, De Inventione, 1.46
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