I.pres. subj. temperint, Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 41; collat. dep. form tempĕror , Lact. 7, 5, 12), v. a. and n. tempus.
I. Act., to divide or proportion duly, mingle in due proportion; to combine or compound properly; to qualify, temper, etc. (class.; cf.: modifico, misceo).
A. Lit.: “nec vero qui simplex esse debet, ex dissimilibus rebus misceri et temperari potest,” Cic. Off. 3, 33, 119: “qui (orbium motus) acuta cum gravibus temperans varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,” id. Rep. 6, 18, 18: “ea cum tria sumpsisset, unam in speciem temperavit,” id. Univ. 7: “tale quiddam esse animum, ut sit ex igni atque animă temperatum,” id. N. D. 3, 14, 36: “aes conflare et temperare,” Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 197: “ferrum,” id. 34, 14, 41, § 145: “herbas,” Ov. F. 5, 402: “acetum melle,” Plin. 14, 17, 21, § 114: “vinum,” id. 29, 3, 11, § 50: pocula, to flavor, i. e. to fill, Hor. C. 1, 20, 11; id. Epod. 17, 80; Mart. 9, 12, 7: “venenum,” Suet. Ner. 2 fin.: “unguentum,” Plin. 13, 2, 2, § 18: “collyrium,” id. 27, 10, 59, § 83: “colores,” id. 2, 18, 16, § 79 et saep.: “ejusdem solis tum accessus modici tum recessus et frigoris et caloris modum temperant,” Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49: “Etesiarum flatu nimii temperantur calores,” id. ib. 2, 53, 131; cf.: “vitis solem umbra temperans,” Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 91: quis aquam (i. e. balneum) temperet ignibus, who shall temper, i. e. warm, Hor. C. 3, 19, 6; so, balneum, Mart. 3, 25, 1: “scatebrisque arentia temperat arva,” i. e. waters, Verg. G. 1, 110; so, “arva (Galesus),” Claud. Cons. Prob. 260.—
2. Transf., to rule, regulate, govern, manage, arrange, order: “rem publicam institutis et legibus,” Cic. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; cf.: “constituere et temperare civitates,” id. Ac. 2, 1, 3: “Lycurgus, qui Lacedaemoniorum rem publicam temperavit,” id. Div. 1, 43, 96; cf.: “qui (Juppiter) res hominum ac deorum, Qui mare ac terras variisque mundum Temperat horis,” Hor. C. 1, 12, 16: “terram, mare, urbes, etc. (corresp. to regere),” id. ib. 3, 4, 45: “mare,” id. ib. 4, 12, 1: “aequor,” Verg. A. 1, 146: “orbem,” Ov. M. 1, 770; 15, 869: “arces aetherias,” id. ib. 15, 859: “undas,” id. ib. 12, 580: “ratem,” id. ib. 13, 366: “solus id navigii genus temperans,” Vell. 2, 107: “omnia pretio temperata,” id. 2, 60: “senem delirum,” Hor. S. 2, 5, 71: “ora frenis,” id. C. 1, 8, 7 et saep.: “genius qui natale temperat astrum,” id. Ep. 2, 2, 187: “annum,” id. ib. 1, 12, 16; Plin. 2, 6, 4, § 13: “caeli fulgura,” Cic. Leg. 8, 21: “fortunam suo arbitrio,” Petr. 137.— Poet.: “carmen impositis articulis,” i. e. to tune, Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 80; cf.: “testudinis aureae strepitum,” Hor. C. 4, 3, 18: “Musam pede Archilochi,” id. Ep. 1, 19, 28 sq.: “citharam nervis,” i. e. to string, Ov. M. 10, 108.—
B. Trop.
1. To regulate, rule, etc.: “non modice temperatam sed nimis meracam libertatem sitiens haurire,” Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 96; cf.: “cujus acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet,” id. Phil. 12, 11, 26: “quod (genus) erit aequatum et temperatum ex tribus optimis rerum publicarum modis,” id. Rep. 1, 45, 69; cf. id. ib. 2, 39, 65: “ita in variā et perpetuā oratione hi (numeri) sunt inter se miscendi et temperandi,” id. Or. 58, 197; so, “joined with miscere,” id. Off. 3, 33, 119 (on the contrary, opp. miscere, id. Rep. 2, 23, 42); cf.: “at haec interdum temperanda et varianda sunt,” id. Or. 29, 103; 18, 60; 52, 176: “iracundiam cohibere, victoriam temperare,” id. Marcell. 3, 8: “amara lento Temperet risu,” Hor. C. 2, 16, 27: annonam macelli quotannis temperandam censuit, to be regulated, i. e. fixed at moderate prices, Suet. Tib. 34: “(Aeolus) Sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras,” soothes, allays, Verg. A. 1, 57: “sumptus,” Ov. Am. 1, 3, 10: “Mercurius temperat astra,” Stat. Th. 1, 305.—
2. Se temperare ab aliquā re, to refrain from, abstain from, forbear, etc. (late Lat.): temperare se a rectorum suorum reprehensione, Greg. M. in Job, 25, 38 init.; 18, 3: ab utro se temperat, Aug. c. Faust. 6, 5 fin.; id. Trin. 3 prooem.
II. Neutr., to observe proper measure; to moderate or restrain one's self; to forbear, abstain; to be moderate or temperate (class.; cf. moderor).
A. In gen., constr. with in aliquā re, alicui rei, ab aliquā re, a simple abl., an inf., or ne or quin with subj.
(α).
With in and abl.: “jam istoc probior es, cum in amore temperes,” Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 8: “in multa temperarunt tribuni,” Liv. 2, 52, 5; Sall. J. 85, 9.—
(β).
With dat.: “linguae tempera,” Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 28; so, “linguae,” Liv. 28, 44, 18: “linguae,” Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 2: “manibus,” Liv. 2, 23, 9; 4, 3, 6; 32, 20, 3; Curt. 7, 2, 24: “oculis,” Liv. 21, 22, 7: “irae,” id. 33, 20, 7: “victoriae,” Sall. C. 11, 8: “gulae,” Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 5: “lacrimis,” Curt. 7, 2, 7.—
(γ).
With ab and abl.: “temperare ab injuriā et maleficio,” Caes. B. G. 1, 7: “a maleficio,” Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29: “a lacrimis,” Verg. A. 2, 8: “precibus ducis mitigati ab excidio civitatis temperavere,” Tac. H. 1, 63.—Rarely with sibi, etc.: “cum sibi in contionibus credas a mendacio temperaturum?” Auct. Her. 4, 18, 25: “ne a necessariis quidem sibi rabies temperat,” Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4.—
(δ).
With abl. alone: “lacrimis,” Liv. 30, 20; Tac. A. 15, 16: “a venatibus,” Claud. III. Laud. Stil. 270: “risu,” Liv. 32, 34, 3: neque verbis adversus principem neque factis, Suet. Vit. Lucan.—（ε) With inf.: “matronae Canorā hic voce suā tinnire temperent,” Plaut. Poen. prol. 33: “dormire,” id. ib. 22: “maledicere huic,” id. ib. 5, 2, 76: tollere puerum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 67 Vahl.): “exordiri rem novam,” Gell. 4, 9, 5. —（ζ) With ne and subj.: “quoi male faciundi est potestas, quom ne id faciat temperat,” Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 60: “quod in pluribus libris ne facerem temperavi,” Lact. 4, 3, 5.—（η) With quin (post-Aug.): “non temperante Tiberio quin premeret,” Tac. A. 3, 67: ne sedato quidem tumultu temperare potuit, quin, etc., Suet. Claud. 41; id. Calig. 54: “vix temperabat, quin diceret,” Sen. Contr. 10, 1 (30), 7: “Arruntius non temperavit, quin, etc.,” id. Ep. 114, 19.—
b. With sibi or animis (so not in Cicero): “neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin, etc.,” Caes. B. G. 1, 33: “vix sibi temperant quin, etc.,” Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 2; Vell. 1, 16, 1: usque mihi temperavi, dum perducerem eo rem, ut, etc., Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 7, 2: “nequeo mihi temperare, quominus, etc.,” Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 41; 1, praef. § “30: non quivit temperare sibi in eo (signo), etc.,” id. 34, 8, 19, § 62; Plin. Ep. 6, 17, 1: “vix temperavere animis, quin, etc.,” Liv. 5, 45, 7.—
c. Impers. pass.: “aegre temperatum est, quin, etc.,” they with difficulty refrained, Liv. 32, 10, 8: “nec temperatum manibus foret, ni, etc.,” id. 2, 23, 10: “jam superfundenti se laetitiae vix temperatum est,” id. 5, 7, 8: “ab oppugnatione urbium temperatum,” id. 7, 20, 9: “a caedibus,” id. 25, 25, 9.—
B. In partic., pregn., to forbear, abstain, or refrain from; to spare, be indulgent to any thing (cf.: parco, abstineo); constr. with dat. or ab: “ut si cuiquam ullā in re umquam temperaverit, ut vos quoque ei temperetis,” Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17: “superatis hostibus (shortly after, parcere),” id. ib. 2, 2, 2, § “4: sociis,” id. ib. 2, 1, 59, § “154: alicui in aliquā re,” id. ib. 2, 2, 6, § “17: amicis,” id. Balb. 27, 60: “privignis,” Hor. C. 3, 24, 18: “ingenio suo,” Quint. 10, 1, 98 al.: “in quo ab sociis temperaverant,” Liv. 6, 17, 8: “ab his sacris,” id. 39, 10, 9: “quamvis a plerisque cibis singuli temperemus,” Plin. Ep. 2, 5, 8; cf.: “a mulso sibi temperare,” Cels. 4, 31.—Impers. pass.: “templis deum temperatum est,” Liv. 1, 29, 6 Drak. N. cr.: “nec ab ullo temperatum foret,” id. 24, 31, 11.—Hence,
A. tempĕ-rans , antis, P. a., observing moderation, sober, moderate, temperate (syn.: “modestus, abstinens): aut temperantem (dices), qui se in aliquā libidine continuerit, in aliquā effuderit?” Cic. Par. 3, 1, 21: “homo in omnibus vitae partibus moderatus ac temperans, etc.,” id. Font. 18, 40; so, “homo,” id. Att. 15, 1, 1.—Sup.: “homo sanctissimus et temperantissimus,” Cic. Font. 17, 38: “principes graviores temperantioresque a cupidine imperii,” refraining, abstaining, Liv. 26, 22, 14 Drak. N. cr.—With gen.: “famae temperans,” Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 41: “temperans gaudii seraeque laetitiae,” Plin. Pan. 52, 5: “potestatis temperantior,” Tac. A. 13, 46.—Hence, adv.: tempĕranter , with moderation, moderately, Tac. A. 4, 33; 15, 29. — Comp., Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—Sup. seems not to occur.—
B. tempĕrātus , a, um, P. a. *
1. Duly arranged or prepared: “prela,” Cato, R. R. 12.—
2. Limited, moderate, temperate.
(α).
Lit.: “temperatae escae modicaeque potiones,” Cic. Div. 1, 51, 115: “regiones caeli neque aestuosae neque frigidae sed temperatae,” Vitr. 1, 4; cf. Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 26.—Comp.: “loca temperatiora,” Caes. B. G. 5, 12: “o temperatae dulce Formiae litus,” Mart. 10, 30, 1: “mitis ac temperatus annus,” Col. 3, 20, 1; cf. in sup.: “temperatissimum anni tempus,” Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 14.—
(β).
Trop., of moral character, of speech, etc., moderate, sober, calm, steady, temperate: “est autem ita temperatis moderatisque moribus, ut summa severitas summā cum humanitate jungatur,” Cic. Fam. 12, 27: “justi, temperati, sapientes,” id. N. D. 3, 36, 87: in victoriā tem, peratior, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1: “mens in bonis Ab insolenti temperata Laetitiā,” Hor. C. 2, 3, 3: “vim temperatam di provehunt In majus,” id. ib. 3, 4, 66: “animum temperatum virtutibus fuisse,” Liv. 1, 18, 4: “hoc multo fortius est ... illud temperatius,” Sen. Ep. 18, 3: “aequabile et temperatum orationis genus,” Cic. Off. 1, 1, 3: “oratio modica ac temperata,” id. Or. 27, 95.—Comp.: “temperatior oratio,” Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 212.— Sup.: “temperatissimi sanctissimique viri monumentum,” Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 38, § 83. — Adv.: tempĕrātē , in due proportion, with moderation, moderately, temperately.
a. Lit.: “tepebit,” Cato, R. R. 69, 2: “arbores umoris temperate, parum terreni habentes,” Vitr. 2, 9 med.—
b. Trop.: “agere,” Cic. Att. 12, 32, 1: “temperatius scribere,” id. ib. 13, 1, 1: “temperatissime et castissime vivere,” Aug. Mus. 6, 15.
