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vŏlo (2
I.d pers. sing. vīs, orig. veis, Prisc. 9, 1, 6, p. 847 P.; 1st pers. plur. volumus, but volĭmus, Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 89 Speng.; 3d pers. sing. volt, and 2d pers. plur. voltis always in ante-class. writers; “also volt,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 17, § 42; 2, 5, 49, § 128; id. Sest. 42, 90; id. Phil. 8, 9, 26; id. Par. 5, 1, 34; id. Rep. 3, 33, 45: “voltis,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 53, § 122; 2, 3, 94, § 219; 2, 5, 5, § 11; 2, 3, 89, § 208; id. Clu. 30, 83; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 33; id. Sest. 30, 64; id. Par. 1, 2, 11 et saep. —Pres. subj. velim, but sometimes volim, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 44 Ritschl; cf. Prisc. 9, 1, 8, p. 848 P.; “so volint,Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 65 Ritschl), velle, volui (part. fut. voliturus, Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 712; contr. forms, vin for visne, freq. in Plaut. and Ter., also Hor. S. 1, 9, 69; Pers. 6, 63: “sis for si vis,Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 70; id. Merc. 4, 4, 37; id. Pers. 3, 3, 8; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 20; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 38; Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42; id. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Mil. 22, 60; Liv. 34, 32, 20: “sultis for si voltis, only ante-class.,Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 8; id. As. prol. 1; id. Capt. 2, 3, 96; 3, 5, 9; 4, 4, 11), v. irreg. a. [Sanscr. var-; Gr. βολ-, βούλομαι; cf. the strengthened root ϝελ- in ἐέλδομαι, ἔλπομαι; Germ. wollen; Engl. will], expressing any exercise of volition, and corresponding, in most cases, to the Germ. wollen; in Engl. mostly rendered, to wish, want, intend, purpose, propose, be willing, consent, mean, will, and, impersonally, it is my will, purpose, intention, plan, policy (syn.: cupio, opto; but volo properly implies a purpose).
I. In gen.
A. With object-infinitive.
1. With pres. inf.
a. To wish.
(β). Idiomatically: quid arbitramini Rheginos merere velle ut ab iis marmorea illa Venus auferatur? what do you think the Rhegini would take for, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 60, § 135.—
(γ). Transf., of things: fabula quae posci vult et spectata reponi, a comedy which wishes (i. e. is meant) to be in demand, etc., Hor. A. P. 190: “neque enim aut hiare semper vocalibus aut destitui temporibus volunt sermo atque epistula,Quint. 9, 4, 20; cf. id. 8, prooem. 23.—
b. Of the wishes of those that have a right to command, the gods, masters, parents, commanders, etc., I want, wish, will, am resolved, it is my will: “in acdibus quid tibi meis erat negoti ... ? Volo scire,Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 14; 3, 2, 17; 3, 2, 18; 3, 6, 27; id. Curc. 4, 3, 11; id. Ep. 3, 4, 74; id. Mil. 2, 3, 74; 3, 1, 17; id. Stich. 1, 2, 56; Ter. And. 1, 2, 9; 4, 2, 17: “maximā voce clamat populus, neque se uni, nec paucis velle parere,Cic. Rep. 1, 35, 55: “consuesse deos immortalis, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, etc.,Caes. B. G. 1, 13: “hic experiri vim virtutemque volo,Liv. 23, 45, 9.—
c. = in animo habere, to intend, purpose, mean, design: “ac volui inicere tragulam in nostrum senem,Plaut. Ps. 1, 4, 14: “eadem quae illis voluisti facere tu, faciunt tibi,id. Mil. 3, 1, 11; so id. Most. 2, 2, 5: “puerumque clam voluit exstinguere,Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 23: “necare candem voluit,Cic. Cael. 13, 31: quid enim ad illum qui te captare vult, utrum tacentem te irretiat an loquentem? id. Ac. 2, 29, 94: “hostis hostem occidere volui,Liv. 2, 12, 9; 7, 34, 11: volui interdiu eum ... occidere; volui, cum ad cenam invitavi, veneno scilicet tollere; “volui ... ferro interficere (ironically),id. 40, 13, 2: “tuum crimen erit, hospitem occidere voluisse,the intention to kill your guest-friend, Val. Max. 5, 1, 3 fin.; 6, 1, 8: “non enim vult mori, sed invidiam filio facere,Quint. 9, 2, 85.— “Pregn., opp. optare: non vult mori qui optat,Sen. Ep. 117, 24: “sed eo die is, cui dare volueram (epistulam), non est profectus,Cic. Att. 9, 7, 1: “cum de senectute vellem aliquid scribere,id. Sen. 1, 2: “ego te volui castigare, tu mihi accussatrix ades,Plaut. As. 3, 1, 10: “bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,id. Pers. 4, 3, 10: “ego jam a principio amici filiam, Ita ut aequom fuerat, volui uxorem ducere,Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 46: “at etiam eo negotio M. Catonis splendorem maculare voluerunt,it was their purpose, Cic. Sest. 28, 60: “eum (tumulum) non tam capere sine certamine volebat, quam causam certaminis cum Minucio contrahere,his plan was, Liv. 22, 28, 4.—Of things: “cum lex venditionibus occurrere voluit,when it was the purpose of the law, Dig. 46, 1, 46: sed quid eā drachumā facere vis? Ca. Restim volo Mihi emere ... qui me faciam pensilem, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 87: Ch. Revorsionem ad terram faciunt vesperi. Ni. Aurum hercle auferre voluere, id. Bacch. 2, 3, 63: “si iis qui haec omnia flammā ac ferro delere voluerunt ... bellum indixi, etc.,Cic. Prov. Cons. 10, 24: “(plebem) per caedem senatūs vacuam rem publicam tradere Hannibali velle,Liv. 23, 2, 7: “rem Nolanam in jus dicionemque dare voluerat Poeno,id. 23, 15, 9: qui (majores nostri) tantā curā Siculos tueri ac retinere voluerunt ut, etc., whose policy it was to protect, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 14: “ut qui a principio mitis omnibus Italicis praeter Romanos videri vellet, etc.,Liv. 23, 15, 4: idem istuc, si in vilitate largiri voluisses, derisum tuum beneficium esset, if you had offered to grant the same thing during low prices, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 92, § 215.—
e. To mean, of actions and expressions: “hic respondere voluit, non lacessere,the latter meant to answer, not to provoke, Ter. Phorm. prol. 19: “non te judices urbi sed carceri reservarunt, neque to retinere in civitate, sed exilio privare voluerunt,Cic. Att. 1, 16, 9.—So, volo dicere, I mean (lit. I intend to say): “quid aliud volui dicere?Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 51: “volo autem dicere, illud homini longe optimum esse quod ipsum sit optandum per se,Cic. Tusc. 2, 20, 46.—Often with the acc. illud or id, as a correction: Tr. Specta quam arcte dormiunt. Th. Dormiunt? Tr. Illut quidem ut conivent volui dicere, I mean how they nod, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 145: Py. Quid? bracchium? Ar. Illud dicere volui femur, id. Mil. 1, 1, 27: “adduxi volui dicere,id. Ps. 2, 4, 21; id. Am. 1, 1, 233; 1, 1, 235; id. Cas. 2, 6, 14; id. Mil. 3, 2, 7; id. Ps. 3, 2, 54; id. Rud. 2, 4, 9.—
f. To be going to: haec argumenta ego aedificiis dixi; nunc etiam volo docere ut homines aedium esse similes arbitremini, now I am going to show how, etc., Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 37: quando bene gessi rem, volo hic in fano supplicare, I am going to worship here, etc., id. Curc. 4, 2, 41: “nunc quod relicuom restat volo persolvere,id. Cist. 1, 3, 40: “sustine hoc, Penicule, exuvias facere quas vovi volo,id. Men. 1, 3, 13: “sinite me prospectare ne uspiam insidiae sint, consilium quod habere volumus,id. Mil. 3, 1, 3; id. As. 2, 2, 113; id. Cas. 4, 2, 3; id. Bacch. 1, 1, 61: “si Prometheus, cum mortalibus ignem dividere vellet, ipse a vicinis carbunculos conrogaret, ridiculus videretur,Auct. Her. 4, 6, 9: “ait se velle de illis HS. LXXX. cognoscere,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56: “hinc se recipere cum vellent, rursus illi ex loco superiore nostros premebant,Caes. B. C. 1, 45. —
h. Will, and in oblique discourse and questions would, the auxiliaries of the future and potential: animum advortite: Comediai nomen dari vobis volo, I will give you, etc., Plaut. Cas. prol. 30: “sed, nisi molestum est, nomen dare vobis volo comediai,id. Poen. prol. 50: “vos ite intro. Interea ego ex hac statuā verbereā volo erogitare ... quid sit factum,id. Capt. 5, 1, 30: “i tu atque arcessi illam: ego intus quod facto est opus volo adcurare,id. Cas. 3, 3, 35; id. Cist. 1, 1, 113; id. Most. 1, 1, 63; id. Poen. 2, 44; id. Pers. 1, 3, 85; id. Rud. 1, 2, 33: cum vero (gemitus) nihil imminuat doloris, cur frustra turpes esse volumus? why will (would) we be disgraceful to no purpose? Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 57: “illa enim (ars) te, verum si loqui volumus, ornaverat,id. ib. 1, 47, 112: “ergo, si vere aestimare volumus, etc.,Val. Max. 7, 5, 6: “si vere aestimare Macedonas, qui tunc erant, volumus,Curt. 4, 16, 33: “ejus me compotem facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, etc.,Liv. 7, 40, 5: “visne igitur, dum dies ista venit ... interea tu ipse congredi mecum ut, etc. ...?id. 8, 7, 7: “volo tibi Chrysippi quoque distinctionem indicare,Sen. Ep. 9, 14: vis tu homines urbemque feris praeponere silvis? will you prefer, etc., Hor. S. 2, 6, 92; cf. velim and vellem, would, II. A. 2.—
k. Sometimes volui = mihi placuit, I resolved, concluded (generally, in this meaning, followed by an infinitive clause, v. I. B. 4.): “uti tamen tuo consilio volui,still I concluded to follow your advice, Cic. Att. 8, 3, 1.—
1. To be willing, ready, to consent, like to do something: si sine bello velint rapta ... tradere ... se exercitum domum reducturum, if they were willing, would consent to, would deliver, etc., Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 52: “is dare volt, is se aliquid posci,likes to give, id. As. 1, 3, 29: “hoc dixit, si hoc de cellā concederetur, velle Siculos senatui polliceri frumentum in cellam gratis,Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 87, § 200: “ei laxiorem daturos, si venire ad causam dicendam vellet,Liv. 39, 17, 2; 5, 36, 4: nemo invenitur qui pecuniam suam dividere velit. Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 1: “plerique concessam sibi sub condicione vitam si militare adversus eum vellent, recusarunt,Suet. Caes. 68: “dedere etiam se volebant, si toleranda viris imperarentur,Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12.—So with negatives, to be not willing, not to suffer, not to like, not to allow, refuse: “heri nemo voluit Sostratam intro admittere,Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 49: “cum alter verum audire non vult,Cic. Lael. 26, 98: a proximis quisque minime anteiri vult, likes least to be surpassed, etc., Liv. 6, 34, 7: “nihil ex his praeter ... accipere voluit,refused to accept, Val. Max. 4, 3, 4.—
m. To do something voluntarily or intentionally: volo facere = meā voluntate or sponte facio: si voluit accusare, pietati tribuo; “si jussus est, necessitati,if he accused of his own free will, I ascribe it to his filial love, Cic. Cael. 1, 2: “utrum statuas voluerint tibi statuere, an coacti sint,Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 65, § 157: “de risu quinque sunt quae quaerantur ... sitne oratoris risum velle permovere,on purpose, id. Or. 2, 58, 235: “laedere numquam velimus,Quint. 6, 3, 28.—So, non velle with inf., to do something unwillingly, with reluctance: “vivere noluit qui mori non vult,who dies with reluctance, Sen. Ep. 30, 10.—
n. To be of opinion, think, mean, pretend (rare with inf.; usu. with acc. and inf.; v. B. 8.): “haec tibi scripsi ut isto ipso in genere in quo aliquid posse vis, te nihil esse cognosceres,in which you imagine you have some influence, Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2: “in hoc homo luteus etiam callidus ac veterator esse vult, quod ita scribit, etc.,pretends, means to be, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 14, § 35: sed idem Aelius Stoicus esse voluit, orator autem nec studuit um quam, nec fuit, id. Brut. 56, 206: “Pythago. ras, qui etiam ipse augur esse vellet,id. Div. 1, 3, 5.—
o. To like, have no objection to, approve of (cf. E. 1. sq.): “magis eum delectat qui se ait philosophari velle sed paucis: nam omnino haud placere,that he liked, had no objection to philosophizing, Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; v. also II. A.—
2. With pres. inf. understood.
a. Supplied from a preceding or subsequent clause.
(δ). To be willing, to consent, I will (v. 1. h. and l. supra): tu eum orato ... St. Sane volo, yes, I will, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 57: “jube me vinciri. Volo, dum istic itidem vinciatur,id. Capt. 3, 4, 75: “patri dic velle (i. e. uxorem ducere),that you consent, are willing, Ter. And. 2, 3, 20 (cf.: si vis, II. A. 2, and sis, supra init.).—(ε) To do something voluntarily (v. 1. m. supra): “tu selige tantum, Me quoque velle velis, anne coactus amem,Ov. Am. 3, 11, 50.—
b. With ellipsis of inf.
(α). Volo, with a designation of place, = ire volo: “nos in Formiano morabamur, quo citius audiremus: deinde Arpinum volebamus,I intended to go to Arpinum, Cic. Att. 9, 1, 3: “volo mensi Quinctili in Graeciam,id. ib. 14, 7, 2: “hactenus Vitellius voluerat (i. e. procedere),Tac. A. 12, 42 fin.
(β). With other omissions, supplied from context: volo Dolabellae valde desideranti, non reperio quid (i. e. to dedicate some writing to him), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 2.—
(γ). In mal. part., Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 7; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 16; 2. 19, 2; Prop. 1, 13, 36.—
3. With perfect infinitive active (rare).
a. In negative imperative sentences dependent on ne velis, ne velit (in oblique discourse also ne vellet), where ne velis has the force of noli. The perfect infinitive emphatically represents the action as completed (ante-class. and poet.).
(α). In ancient ordinances of the Senate and of the higher officers (not in laws proper): NEIQVIS EORVM BACANAL HABVISE VELET ... BACAS VIR NEQVIS ADIESE VELET CEIVIS ROMANVS ... NEVE PECVNIAM QVISQVAM EORVM COMOINEM HABVISE VELET ... NEVE ... QVIQVAM FECISE VELET. NEVE INTER SED CONIOVRASE, NEVE COMVOVISE NEVE CONSPONDISE, etc., S. C. de Bacch. 4-13 ap. Wordsworth, Fragm. and Spec. p. 172.—So, in quoting such ordinances: per totam Italiam edicta mitti ne quis qui Bacchis initiatus esset, coisse aut convenisse causā sacrorum velit. neu quid talis rei divinae fecisse, Liv. 39, 14, 8: “edixerunt ne quis quid fugae causā vendidisse neve emisse vellet,id. 39, 17, 3. —
(β). In imitation of official edicts: (vilicus) ne quid emisse velit insciente domino, neu quid domino celasse velit, the overseer must not buy any thing, etc., Cato, R. R. 5, 4: “interdico, ne extulisse extra aedis puerum usquam velis,Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 48: “oscula praecipue nulla dedisse velis (= noli dare),Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38: “ne quis humasse velit Ajacem, Atride, vetas? Cur?Hor. S. 2, 3, 187.—
b. In affirmative sentences, implying command (in any mood or tense; mostly poet.): neminem nota strenui aut ignavi militis notasse volui, I have decided to mark no one, etc., Liv. 24, 16, 11: quia pepercisse vobis volunt, committere vos cur pereatis non patiuntur, because they have decided to spare you, etc., id. 32, 21, 33: “sunt delicta tamen quibus ignovisse velimus (= volumus),which should be pardoned, Hor. A. P. 347.—
c. To represent the will as referring to a completed action.
(α). In optative sentences with vellem or velim, v. II. B. 5. b. α, and II. C. 1. b.—
(β). In other sentences (poet. and post-class.): ex omnibus praediis ex quibus non hac mente recedimus ut omisisse possessionem velimus, with the will to abandon (omittere would denote the purpose to give up at some future time), Dig. 43, 16, 1, § 25; so, “an erit qui velle recuset Os populi meruisse?Pers. 1, 41: “qui me volet incurvasse querelā,id. 1, 91.
B. With acc. and inf.
1. To wish (v. A. 1. a.).
b. With the same subject.
2. Of the will of superiors, gods, etc. (cf. A. 1. b. supra), I want, it is my will: “me absente neminem volo intromitti,Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 21: “viros nostros quibus tu voluisti esse nos matres familias,id. Stich. 1, 2, 41; id. Most. 1, 4, 2; id. Rud. 4, 5, 9; id. Trin. 1, 2, 1: “pater illum alterum (filium) secum omni tempore volebat esse,Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 42: “(deus) quinque reliquis motibus orbem esse voluit expertem,id. Univ. 10; cf. id. Sest. 69, 147; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 57; 1, 5, 14: “causa mittendi fuit quod iter per Alpes ... patefieri volebat,Caes. B. G. 3, 1; cf. id. ib. 5, 9; id. B. C. 1, 4: “quippe (senatus) foedum hominem a republicā procul esse volebat,Sall. C. 19, 2: “nec (di) patefieri (crimina) ut impunita essent, sed ut vindicarentur voluerunt,Liv. 39, 16, 11; cf. id. 1, 56, 3; 2, 28, 5; 25, 32, 6: “senatus ... Romano sanguini pudicitiam tutam esse voluit,Val. Max. 6, 1, 9; cf. id. 6, 9, 2.—So in the historians: quid fieri vellet (velit), after a verbum imperandi or declarandi, he gave his orders, explained his will: “quid fieri velit praecipit,Caes. B. G. 5, 56: “ibi quid fieri vellet imperabat,id. ib. 7, 16: “quid fieri vellet ostendit,id. ib. 7, 27: “quae fieri vellet edocuit,id. B. C. 3, 108; cf. id. B. G. 7, 45; id. B. C. 3, 78; 3, 89: “quid fieri vellet edixit,Curt. 8, 10, 30; 4, 13, 24; Val. Max. 7, 4, 2.— Frequently majores voluerunt, it was the will of our ancestors, referring to ancient customs and institutions: “sacra Cereris summā majores nostri religione confici caerimoniāque voluerunt,Cic. Balb. 24, 55: majores vestri ne vos quidem temere coire voluerunt, cf. id. ib. 17, 39; 23, 54; id. Agr. 2, 11, 26; id. Fl. 7, 15; id. Imp. Pomp. 13, 39; id. Div. 1, 45, 103; id. Font. 24, 30 (10, 20); id. Rosc. Am. 25, 70.—Of testamentary dispositions: cum Titius, heres meus, mortuus erit, volo hereditatem meam ad P. Mevium pertinere, Gai Inst. 2, 277. Except in the institution of the first heir: at illa (institutio) non est comprobata: Titum heredem esse volo, Gai Inst. 2, 117. —
5. To order, command: erus meus tibi me salutem multam voluit dicere, has ordered me, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 25: “montem quem a Labieno occupari voluerit,which he had ordered to be occupied, Caes. B. G. 1, 22: “ibi futuros esse Helvetios ubi eos Caesar ... esse voluisset,id. ib. 1, 13 (for velitis jubeatis with inf.-clause, v. II. B. 5. d.).—
7. To be of opinion that something should be, to require, demand: “voluisti enim in suo genere unumquemque ... esse Roscium,Cic. Or. 1, 61, 258: eos exercitus quos contra se multos jam annos aluerint velle dimitti, he demanded the disbanding of, etc., Caes. B. C. 1, 85: “(Cicero) vult esse auctoritatem in verbis,Quint. 8, 3, 43: “vult esse Celsus aliquam et superiorem compositionem,id. 9, 4, 137: “si tantum irasci vis sapientem quantum scelerum indignitas exigit,Sen. Ira, 2, 9, 4. —
8. To be of opinion that something is or was, = censere, dicere, but implying that the opinion is erroneous or doubtful, usu. in the third pers., sometimes in the second.
(δ). To pretend, with perf. inf., both subjects denoting the same person: “unde homines dum se falso terrore coacti Effugisse volunt, etc.,Lucr. 3, 69 (cf. A. 1. n. supra). (ε) To mean, with perf. inf.: “utrum scientem vultis contra foedera fecisse, an inscientem?Cic. Balb. 5, 13.— With pres. inf.: “quam primum istud, quod esse vis?what do you mean by as soon as possible? Sen. Ep. 117, 24.—(ζ) Rarely in the first pers., implying that the opinion is open to discussion: “ut et mihi, quae ego vellem non esse oratoris, concederes,what according to my opinion is not the orator's province, Cic. Or. 1, 17, 74.—
9. In partic.
a. With things as subjects.
(α). Things personified: “ne res publica quidem haec pro se suscipi volet,would have such things done for it, Cic. Off. 1, 45, 159: “cui tacere grave sit, quod homini facillimum voluerit esse natura,which nature willed should be easiest for man, Curt. 4, 6, 6: fortuna Q. Metellum ... nasci in urbe terrarum principe voluit, fate ordained that, etc., Val. Max. 7, 1, 1: nihil rerum ipsa natura voluit magnum effici cito, it is the law of nature that, etc., Quint. 10, 3, 4: “quid non ingenio voluit natura licere?what license did nature refuse to genius? Mart. 8, 68, 9: “me sine, quem semper voluit fortuna jacere,Prop. 1, 6, 25: “hanc me militiam fata subire volunt,id. 1, 6, 30.—
(β). Of laws, to provide: “duodecim tabulae nocturnum furem ... interfici impune voluerunt,Cic. Mil. 3, 9: “lex duodecim tabularum tignum aedibus junctum ... solvi prohibuit, pretiumque ejus dari voluit,Dig. 46, 3, 98, § 8 fin. (cf. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21, b. α, infra).—
b. With perf. pass. inf., to represent a state or result wished for.
(α). The inf. being in full, with esse expressed: si umquam quemquam di immortales voluere esse auxilio adjutum, tum me et Calidorum servatum volunt, if it ever was the will of the gods that any one should be assisted, etc., Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 1: Corinthum patres vestri, totius Graeciae lumen, exstinctum esse voluerunt, it was their will that Corinth should be (and remain) destroyed, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 11: “nostri ... leges et jura tecta esse voluerunt,id. Or. 1, 59, 253: “propter eam partem epistulae tuae per quam te et mores tuos purgatos et probatos esse voluisti,id. Att. 1, 17, 7; id. Fin. 4, 27, 76; id. de Or. 1, 51, 221: “daturum se operam ne cujus suorum popularium mutatam secum fortunam esse vellent,Liv. 21, 45, 6: for velle redundant in this construction, v. II. A. 2. 3. infra.—With pass. inf. impers.: “sociis maxime lex consultum esse vult,Cic. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21.—
(β). With ellips. of esse (cf. Quint. 9, 3, 9): perdis me tuis dictis. Cu. Imo, servo et servatum volo, and mean that you should remain saved, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 56: “aunt qui volum te conventam,who want to see you, id. Cist. 4, 2, 39: “eidem homini, si quid recte cura tum velis, mandes,if you want to have anything done well, id. As. 1, 1, 106: “sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,id. Capt. prol. 53: id nunc res indicium haeo facit, quo pacto factum volueris, this shows now why you wished this to be done, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 31 (cf. Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33; id. Aul. 3, 5, 30, II. B. 1, β, and II. B. 3. b. infra): domesticā curā te levatum volo, I wish to see you relieved, etc., Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 3: “nulla sedes quo concurrant qui rem publicam defensam velint,id. Att. 8, 3, 4: “rex celatum voluerat (i. e. donum),Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64: “Hannibal non Capuam neglectam, neque desertos volebat socios,Liv. 25, 20, 5; 2, 15, 2; 2, 44, 3; 3, 21, 4; 22, 7, 4; “26, 31, 6: contemptum hominis quem destructum volebat,Quint. 8, 3, 21: “si te non emptam vellet, emendus erat,Ov. Am. 1, 8, 34 (so with velle redundant, v. II. A. 1. d., and II. A. 3. infra).—Both subjects denoting the same person: “velle Pompeium se Caesari purgatum,Caes. B. C. 1, 8.— Esp., with pass. inf. impers.: alicui consultum velle, to take care for or advocate somebody's interests: “liberis consultum volumus propter ipsos,Cic. Fin. 3, 17, 57: “obliviscere illum aliquando adversario tuo voluisse consultum,id. Att. 16, 16 C, 10: “quibus tribuni plebis nunc consultum repente volunt,Liv. 5, 5, 3; so id. 25, 25, 17: “quamquam senatus subventum voluit heredibus,Dig. 36, 1, 1, § 4; so with dep. part., used passively: “volo amori ejus obsecutum,Plaut. As. 1, 1, 63.—
c. With predic. adj., without copula.
(α). The subjects being different (mostly aliquem salvum velle): “si me vivum vis, pater, Ignosce,if you wish me to live, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 7: “ille, si me alienus adfinem volet, Tacebit,id. Phorm. 4, 1, 16: “ut tu illam salvam magis velis quam ego,id. Hec. 2, 2, 17; 3, 5, 14: “quoniam ex totā provinciā soli sunt qui te salvum velint,Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 67, § 150: “irent secum extemplo qui rempublicam salvam vellent,Liv. 22, 53, 7.—
(β). Both subjects denoting the same person (virtually = object infinitive): “in occulto jacebis quom te maxime clarum voles (= clarus esse voles),when you will most wish to be famous, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 38: “volo me patris mei similem,I wish to be like my father, id. As. 1, 1, 54: ut iste qui se vult dicacem et mehercule est, Appius, who means to be witty, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 60, 246: “qui vero se populares volunt,who mean to be popular, id. Off. 2, 22, 78: “ut integrum se salvumque velit,id. Fin. 2, 11, 33: “ut (omne animal) se et salvum in suo genere incolumeque vellet,id. ib. 4, 8, 19. —
d. With an inf.-clause understood.
(α). Velle, to wish: utinam hinc abierit in malam crucem! Ad. Ita nos velle aequom est (ita = eum abire, etc.), Plaut. Poen. 4, 1, 5: “stulta es, soror, magis quam volo (i.e. te esse),id. Pers. 4, 4, 78; id. Trin. 1, 2, 8; 2, 4, 175; id. Stich. 1, 1, 13; id. Ps. 1, 5, 55: “senatum non quod sentiret, sed quod ego vellem decernere,Cic. Mil. 5, 12: “neque enim facile est ut irascatur cui tu velis judex (= cui tu eum irasci velis),id. Or. 2, 45, 190; cf. id. Sest. 38, 82.—
(β). Referring to the will of superiors, etc.: “deos credo voluisse, nam ni vellent, non fieret,Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46: jamne abeo? St. Volo (sc. te abire), so I will, id. Cas. 2, 8, 57; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 12; id. Merc. 2, 3, 33.—
(γ). To mean, intend (v. B. 3.): “acutum etiam illud est cum ex alterius oratione aliud atque ille vult (sc. te excipere),Cic. Or. 2, 67, 273.—
(δ). To require, demand (v B. 7.): “veremur quidem vos, Romani, et, si ita vultis, etiam timemus,Liv. 39, 37, 17; “and of things as subjects: cadentque vocabula, si volet usus (i. e. ea cadere),Hor. A. P. 71.—(ε) To be of opinion, will have (v. B. 8.): “ergo ego, inimicus, si ita vultis, homini, amicus esse rei publicae debeo,Cic. Prov. Cons. 8, 19: “nam illi regi tolerabili, aut, si voltis, etiam amabili, Cyro,id. Rep. 1, 28, 44; id. Fin. 2, 27, 89; 3, 4, 12; id. Cael. 21, 53; Liv. 21, 10, 7; Quint. 2, 17, 41.—(ζ) With ellips. of predic. inf. (v. A. 2. b.): cras de reliquiis nos volo (i. e. cenare), it is my intention that we dine, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 40: “volo Varronem (i. e. hos libros habere),Cic. Att. 13, 25, 3.
C. With ut, ne, or ut ne.
1. With ut.
a. To wish: “volo ut quod jubebo facias,Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 65: “quia enim id maxime volo ut illi istac confugiant,id. Most. 5, 1, 49: “ut mihi aedes aliquas conducat volo,id. Merc. 3, 2, 17: hoc prius volo meam rem agere. Th. Quid id est? Ph. Ut mihi hanc despondeas, id. Curc. 5, 2, 71: quid vis, nisi ut maneat Phanium? Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 8: “velim ut tibi amicus sit,Cic. Att. 10, 16, 1: “quare id quoque velim ... ut sit qui utamur,id. ib. 11, 11, 2: “maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla ... modestiae fructum aliquem percipere potuisset,id. Sull. 1, 1: “equidem vellem uti pedes haberent (res tuae),id. Fam. 7, 33, 2: “his ut sit digna puella volo,Mart. 11, 27, 14.—Both subjects denoting the same person: volueram, inquit, ut quam plurimum tecum essem, Brut. ap. Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1.—
b. It is the will of, to want, ordain (v. B. 2.): “at ego deos credo voluisse ut apud te me in nervo enicem,Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 17: numquid me vis? Le. Ut valeas, id. Cist. 1, 1, 120: numquid vis? Ps. Dormitum ut abeas, id. Ps. 2, 2, 70: “volo ut mihi respondeas,Cic. Vatin. 6, 14; 7, 17; 7, 18; 9, 21; “12, 29: nuntia Romanis, caelestes ita velle ut mea Roma caput orbis terrarum sit,Liv. 1, 16, 7.—
c. To intend, it is the purpose, aim, etc., the two subjects being the same: “id quaerunt, volunt haec ut infecta faciant,Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 9.—
3. With ut ne: quid nunc tibi vis? Mi. Ut quae te cupit, eam ne spernas, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60.
D. With subjunct. of dependent verb (mostly ante-class.; class. and freq. with velim and vellem; but in Cic. mostly epistolary and colloquial).
2. To be of opinion that something should be, demand, require (v. B. 7.): volo enim se efferat in adulescentiā fecunditas, I like to see, etc., Cic. Or. 2, 21, 88: “volo hoc oratori contingat ut, etc.,id. Brut. 84, 290.—
3. With subj.-clause understood: “abi atque obsona, propera! sed lepide volo (i. e. obsones),Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 55.
E. With object nouns, etc.
1. With acc. of a thing.
a. With a noun, to want, wish for, like to have: “voltisne olivas, aut pulmentum, aut capparim?Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 90: “animo male est: aquam velim,id. Am. 5, 1, 6: “quia videt me suam amicitiam velle,id. Aul. 2, 3, 68; so, “gratiam tuam,id. Curc. 2, 3, 52; 2, 3, 56: “aquam,id. ib. 2, 3, 34: “discidium,Ter. And. 4, 2, 14: nullam ego rem umquam in vitā meā Volui quin tu in eā re mihi advorsatrix fueris, I never had any wish in my life, etc., id. Heaut. 5, 3, 5: (dixit) velle Hispaniam, he wanted Spain, i. e. as a province, Cic. Att. 12, 7, 1: “mihi frumento non opus est: nummos volo,I want the money, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 85, § 196: “non poterat scilicet negare se velle pacem,id. Att. 15, 1 a, 3; cf. id. ib. 13, 32, 2 (v. II. C. 4. infra): “si amplius obsidum (= plures obsides) vellet, dare pollicentur,Caes. B. G. 6, 9 fin.: “pacem etiam qui vincere possunt, volunt,Liv. 7, 40, 18: “ferunt (eum) ... honestum finem voluisse,Tac. A. 6, 26: “cum Scipio veram vellet et sine exceptione victoriam,Flor. 1, 33 (2, 18), 12: “mensae munera si voles secundae, Marcentes tibi porrigentur uvae,Mart. 5, 78, 11.—
b. Neutr. adjj., denoting things, substantively used: utrum vis opta, dum licet. La. Neutrum volo, Plaut. Ps. 3, 6, 16: “quorum isti neutrum volunt,acknowledge neither, Cic. Fat. 12, 28: “voluimus quaedam, contendimus ... Obtenta non sunt,we aspired to certain things, id. Balb. 27, 61: “restat ut omnes unum velint,hold one opinion, id. Marcell. 10, 32: “si plura velim,if I wished for more, Hor. C. 3, 16, 38: “per quod probemus aliud legislatorem voluisse,that the law-giver intended something different, Quint. 7, 6, 8: “ut putent, aliud quosdam dicere, aliud velle,that they say one thing and mean another, id. 9, 2, 85: “utrum is qui scripsit ... voluerit,which of the two was meant by the author, id. 7, 9, 15: “ut nemo contra id quod vult dicit, ita potest melius aliquid velle quam dicit,mean better than he speaks, id. 9, 2, 89: “quis enim pudor omnia velle?to desire every thing, Mart. 12, 94, 11.—
d. With neutr. of interrog. pron.: quid nunc vis? Am. Sceleste, at etiam quid velim, id tu me rogas? what do you want now? Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 5: “eloquere quid velis,id. Cas. 2, 4, 2: heus tu! Si. Quid vis? id. Ps. 4, 7, 21; so Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 152: “sed plane quid velit nescio,what his intentions are, Cic. Att. 15, 1 a, 5; id. de Or. 2, 20, 84: “mittunt etiam ad dominos qui quaerant quid velint,to ask for their orders, id. Tusc. 2, 17, 41: “quid? Si haec ... ipsius amici judicarunt? Quid amplius vultis?what more do you require, will you have? Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 152: “quid amplius vis?Hor. Epod. 17, 30: “spectatur quid voluerit scriptor,we find out the author's intention, Quint. 7, 10, 1.—Sometimes quid vult = quid sibi vult (v. 4. b.), to mean, signify: “capram illam suspicor jam invenisse ... quid voluerit,what it signified, Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 30: “sed tamen intellego quid velit,Cic. Fin. 2, 31, 101: “quid autem volunt ea di immortales significantes quae sine interpretibus non possimus intellegere? etc.,id. Div. 2, 25, 54.—Of things as subjects: “hunc ensem mittit tibi ... Et jubet ex merito scire quid iste velit,Ov. H. 11, 96.—
e. With rel. pron.: “quod volui, ut volui, impetravi ... a Philocomasio,Plaut. Mil. 4, 5, 1: “ut quod frons velit oculi sciant,that the eyes know what the forehead wants, id. Aul. 4, 1, 13: “illi quae volo concedere,to yield to him my wishes, id. Cas. 2, 3, 49: “si illud quod volumus dicitur,what we like, id. Truc. 1, 2, 95: “multa eveniunt homini quae volt, quae nevolt,id. Trin. 2, 2, 84; id. Ep. 2, 2, 4: “quamquam (litterae tuae) semper aliquid adferunt quod velim,Cic. Att. 11, 11, 1: “quae vellem quaeque sentirem dicendi,id. Marcell. 1, 1: “uti ea quae vellent impetrarent,Caes. B. G. 1, 31: “satis animi ad id quod tam diu vellent,to carry out what they had desired so long, Liv. 4, 54, 5: “sed quod volebant non ... expediebant,their purpose, id. 24, 23, 9. —Idiomatically: quod volo = quod demonstrare volo, what I intend to prove: “illud quod volumus expressum est, ut vaticinari furor vera soleat,Cic. Div. 1, 31, 67: “bis sumpsit quod voluit,he has twice begged the question, id. ib. 2, 52, 107.—With indef. relations: “cornucopia ubi inest quidquid volo,whatever I wish for, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 5: “Caesar de Bruto solitus est dicere: magni refert hic quid velit, sed quidquid volt, valde volt,whatever he wills he wills strongly, Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2.—
f. With indef. pronn.
(α). Si quid vis, if you want any thing: illo praesente mecum agito si quid voles, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 72: Py. Adeat si quid volt. Pa. Si quid vis, adi, mulier, id. Mil. 4, 2, 47: “eumque Alexander cum rogaret, si quid vellet, ut diceret,id. Or. 2, 66, 266; Caes. B. G. 1, 7 fin.
(β). Nisi quid vis, unless you wish to give some order, to make some remark, etc.: “ego eo ad forum nisi quid vis,Plaut. As. 1, 1, 94: “nunc de ratione videamus, nisi quid vis ad haec,Cic. Tusc. 2, 18, 42.—
(γ). Numquid vis or ecquid vis? have you any orders to give? a formula used by inferiors before leaving their superiors; cf. Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 39: “visunt, quid agam, ecquid velim,Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113: “numquid vis aliud?Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 111; 1, 2, 106; id. Ad. 2, 2, 39; 3, 3, 78; id. Hec. 2, 2, 30: “numquid vellem rogavit,Cic. Att. 6, 3, 6: “frequentia rogantium num quid vellet,Liv. 6, 34, 7: “rogavit num quid in Sardiniam vellet. Te puto saepe habere qui num quid Romam velis quaerant,Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 1.—
2. With acc. of the person: aliquem velle.
(α). To want somebody, i. e. in order to see him, to speak with him (ante-class. and colloq.): “Demenaetum volebam,I wanted, wished to see, Demenœtus, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 12: “bona femina et malus masculus volunt te,id. Cist. 4, 2, 40: “solus te solum volo,id. Capt. 3, 4, 70: “quia non est intus quem ego volo,id. Mil. 4, 6, 40: “hae oves volunt vos,id. Bacch. 5, 2, 24: “quis me volt? Perii, pater est,Ter. And. 5, 3, 1: “centuriones trium cohortium me velle postridie,Cic. Att. 10, 16, 4.—With paucis verbis or paucis, for a few words (moments): “volo te verbis pauculis,Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 28: “sed paucis verbis te volo, Palaestrio,id. Mil. 2, 4, 22: “Sosia, Adesdum, paucis te volo,Ter. And. 1, 1, 2.—
(β). To love, like somebody, to be fond of somebody (anteclass. and poet.): “hanc volo (= amo),Plaut. As. 5, 1, 18: “sine me amare unum Argyrippum ... quem volo,id. ib. 3, 2, 38: “quom quae te volt, eamdem tu vis,id. Mil. 4, 2, 80: “aut quae (vitia) corpori' sunt ejus siquam petis ac vis,Lucr. 4, 1152: “quam volui nota fit arte meā,Ov. Am. 1, 10, 60: nolo virum, facili redimit qui sanguine famam: hunc volo, laudari qui sine morte potest, I like the one who, etc., Mart. 1, 8, 6.—
(γ). To wish to have: “roga, velitne an non uxorem,whether he wishes to have his wife or not, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 43: “ut sapiens velit gerere rem publicam, atque ... uxorem adjungere, et velle ex liberos (anacoluth.),Cic. Fin. 3, 20, 68.— “With two accusatives: (narrato) illam te amare et velle uxorem,that you wish to have her as your wife, Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 25; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 65.—
4. With acc. of thing and dat. of the person: aliquid alicui velle, to wish something to somebody (= cupio aliquid alicui; v. cupio; “rare): quamquam vobis volo quae voltis, mulieres,Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 1: “si ex me illa liberos vellet sibi,Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 33: “praesidium velle se senectuti suae,id. ib. 1, 2, 44: “nihil est mali quod illa non initio filio voluerit, optaverit,Cic. Clu. 66, 188: “rem Romanam huc provectam ut externis quoque gentibus quietem velit,Tac. A. 12, 11: “cui ego omnia meritissimo volo et debeo,to whom I give and owe my best wishes, Quint. 9, 2, 35.—Esp., in the phrase quid vis (vult) with reflex. dat. of interest, lit. what do you want for yourself?
a. Quid tibi vis = quid vis, the dat. being redundant (rare): “quid aliud tibi vis?what else do you want? Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 90.—With quisque: “haud ita vitam agerent ut nunc plerumque videmus Quid sibi quisque velit nescire,be ignorant as to their own aims and purposes, Lucr. 3, 1058.—
b. What do you mean? what do you drive at? what is your scope, object, drift (rare in post-Aug. writers; Don. ad Ter. Eun. prol. 45, declares it an archaism).
(α). In 1st pers. (rare): “nunc quid processerim huc, et quid mihi voluerim dicam,and what I meant thereby, what was the purpose of my coming, Plaut. As. prol. 6: “quid mihi volui? quid mihi nunc prodest bona voluntas?Sen. Ben. 4, 21, 6.—
(β). In 2d pers.: “quid nunc tibi vis, mulier, memora,what is the drift of your talk? Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 60: sed quid nunc tibi vis? what do you want to come at (i.e. by your preamble)? id. Poen. 1, 1, 24: quid tu tibi vis? Ego non tangam meam? what do you mean? i. e. what is your purpose? Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 28: “quid tibi vis? quid cum illā rei tibi est?id. ib. 4, 7, 34: “quid est quod sic gestis? quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit? Quid est quod laetus sis? quid tibi vis?what do you mean by all this? id. ib. 3, 5, 11: “quid est, inepta? quid vis tibi? quid rides?id. ib. 5, 6, 6: “quid vis tibi? Quid quaeris?id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9: Ph. Fabulae! Ch. Quid vis tibi? id. Phorm. 5, 8, 53: “roganti ut se in Asiam praefectum duceret, Quid tibi vis, inquit, insane,Cic. Or. 2, 67, 269; so in 2d pers. plur.: “pro deum fidem, quid vobis vultis?Liv. 3, 67, 7.—
(δ). Transf. of things as subjects, what means, what signifies? quid volt sibi, Syre, haec oratio? Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 2: “ut pernoscatis quid sibi Eunuchus velit,id. Eun. prol. 45: “quid ergo illae sibi statuae equestres inauratae volunt?Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: “quid haec sibi horum civium Romanorum dona voluerunt?id. ib. 2, 3, 80, § “186: avaritia senilis quid sibi velit, non intellego,what is the meaning of the phrase, id. Sen. 18, 66: “quid ergo illa sibi vult pars altera orationis quā Romanos a me cultos ait?Liv. 40, 12, 14: “tacitae quid vult sibi noctis imago?Ov. M. 9, 473.—
5. Bene or male alicui velle, to wish one well or ill, to like or dislike one (ante-class. and poet.): Ph. Bene volt tibi. St. Nequam est illud verbum bene volt, nisi qui bene facit, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 37 sq.: “jam diu ego huic bene et hic mihi volumus,id. Ps. 1, 3, 4: “ut tibi, dum vivam, bene velim plus quam mihi,id. Cas. 2, 8, 30: “egone illi ut non bene vellem?id. Truc. 2, 4, 90; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 95; id. Merc. 2, 1, 21; id. Ps. 4, 3, 7; id. Poen. 3, 3, 9: “nisi quod tibi bene ex animo volo,Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 6: “quo tibi male volt maleque faciet,Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 44: “atque isti etiam parum male volo,id. Truc. 5, 7; cf. id. As. 5, 1, 13: “utinam sic sient qui mihi male volunt,Ter. Eun. 4, 3, 13: “non sibi male vult,he does not dislike himself, Petr. 38; so, melius or optime alicui velle, to like one better or best: “nec est quisquam mihi aeque melius quoi vellem,Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 42; id. Merc. 5, 2, 57: “illi ego ex omnibus optime volo,id. Most. 1, 4, 24.—And bene velle = velle: bene volueris in precatione augurali Messalla augur ait, significare volueris, Fest. s. v. bene sponsis, p. 351.—
6. With abl.: alicujus causā velle, to like one for his own sake, i. e. personally, a Ciceronian phrase, probably inst. of omnia alicujus causā velle; lit. to wish every thing (i.e. good) in somebody's behalf.
(α). With omnia expressed: etsi mihi videor intellexisse cum tecum de re M. Annaeii locutus sum, te ipsius causā vehementer omnia velle, tamen, etc. ... ut non dubitem quin magnus cumulus accedat commenda tionis meae, Cic. Fam. 13, 55, 1: “repente coepit dicere, se omnia Verris causā velle,that he had the most friendly disposition towards Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 64: “accedit eo quod Varro magnopere ejus causā vult omnia,id. Fam. 13, 22, 1.—
(β). Without omnia: “per eos qui nostrā causā volunt, valentque apud illum,Cic. Att. 11, 8, 1: “sed et Phameae causā volebam,id. ib. 13, 49, 1: “etsi te ipsius Attici causā velle intellexeram,id. ib. 16, 16, A, 6: “valde enim ejus causā volo,id. Fam. 16, 17, 2 fin.: “illud non perficis quo minus tuā causā velim,id. ib. 3, 7, 6; “12, 7, 1: si me velle tuā causā putas,id. ib. 7, 17, 2: “regis causa si qui sunt qui velint,id. ib. 1, 1, 1: “credo tuā causā velle Lentulum,id. Q. Fr. 1, 4, 5; id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21; cf. id. Imp. Pomp. (v. C. 1. b. supra), where the phrase has its literal meaning; cf. also: alicujus causā (omnia) cupere; v. cupio.—
7. With acc. and subjunct. per ecthesin (ante-class.): nunc ego illum meum virum veniat velim (by mixture of constructions: meum virum velim; and: “meus vir veniat velim),Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 29: “nunc ego Simonidem mi obviam veniat velim,id. Ps. 4, 5, 10: “nimis hercle ego illum corvum ad me veniat velim,id. Aul. 4, 6, 4: “saltem aliquem velim qui mihi ex his locis viam monstret,id. Rud. 1, 3, 35: “patrem atque matrem viverent vellem tibi,id. Poen. 5, 2, 106; cf. id. Merc. 2, 1, 30 (v. E. 1. d. supra).
F. Velle used absolutely, variously rendered to will, have a will, wish, consent, assent: “quod vos, malum ... me sic ludificamini? Nolo volo, volo nolo rursum,I nill I will, I will I nill again, Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 57: novi ingenium mulierum: Nolunt ubi velis, ubi nolis cupiunt ultro, they will not where you will, etc., id. Eun. 4, 7, 43: “quis est cui velle non liceat?who is not free to wish? Cic. Att. 7, 11. 2: “in magnis et voluisse sat est,Prop. 2, 10 (3, 1), 6: “tarde velle nolentis est,slow ness in consenting betrays the desire to refuse, Sen. Ben. 2, 5, 4: “quae (animalia) nullam injuriam nobis faciunt, quia velle non possunt, id. Ira, 2, 26, 4: ejus est nolle qui potest velle,the power to assent implies the power to dissent, Dig. 50, 17, 3.—So velle substantively: “sed ego hoc ipsum velle miserius duco quam in crucem tolli,that very wishing, Cic. Att. 7, 11, 2: inest enim velle in carendo, the word carere implies the notion of a wish, id. Tusc. 1, 36, 88: “velle ac posse in aequo positum erat,his will and power were balanced, Val. Max. 6, 9, ext. 5: “velle tuum nolo, Didyme, nolle volo,Mart. 5, 83, 2: “velle suum cuique est,each has his own likings, Pers. 5, 53.
II. In partic.
A. Redundant, when the will to do is identified with the act itself.
1. In imperative sentences.
a. In independent sentences introduced by noli velle, where noli has lost the idea of volition: “nolite, judices, hunc velle maturius exstingui vulnere vestro quam suo fato,do not resolve, Cic. Cael. 32, 79: “nolite igitur id velle quod fieri non potest,id. Phil. 7, 8, 25: qui timor bonis omnibus injectus sit ... nolite a me commoneri velle, do not wish, expect, to be reminded by me, etc., id. Mur. 25, 50: nolite hunc illi acerbum nuntium velle perferri, let it not be your decision that, etc., id. Balb. 28, 64: cujus auspicia pro vobis experti nolite adversus vos velle experiri, do not desire, etc., Liv. 7, 40, 16: “noli adversum eos me velle ducere, etc.,Nep. Att. 4, 2.—
b. Ne velis or ne velit fecisse = ne feceris, or ne facito (v. I. A. 3. a. supra).—So ne velis with pres. inf.: “neve, revertendi liber, abesse velis (= neve abfueris),Ov. H. 1, 80.—
c. In affirmative imperative sentences (velim esse = esto; “rare): tu tantum fida sorori Esse velis (= fida esto or sis),Ov. M. 2, 745; and in 3d pers.: “di procul a cunctis ... Hujus notitiam gentis habere velint (= habeant),id. P. 1, 7, 8: “credere modo qui discet velit (= credat qui discet),Quint. 8, prooem. 12.
d. In clauses dependent on verbs of commanding and wishing: “aut quia significant divam praedicere ut armis Ac virtute velint patriam defendere terram (= ut defendant),Lucr. 2, 641: precor quaesoque ne ante oculos patris facere et pati omnia infanda velis (= facias et patiaris). Liv. 23, 9, 2: “monentes ne experiri vellet imperium cujus vis, etc.,id. 2, 59, 4; 39, 13, 2: “et mea ... opto Vulnera qui fecit facta levare velit,Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 18: nos contra (oravimus) ... ne vertere secum Cuncta pater fatoque urguenti incumbere vellet, Verg. A. 2, 653. —With pass. perf. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. β): “legati Sullam orant ut filii innocentis fortunas conservatas velit (virtually = fortunas conservet),Cic. Rosc. Am. 9, 25: “a te peto ut utilitatem sociorum per te quam maxime defensam et auctam velis (= defendas et augeas),id. Fam. 13, 9, 3.—So after utinam or ut: “utinam illi qui prius eum viderint me apud eum velint adjutum tantum quantum ego vellem si quid possem (= utinam illi me adjuvent quantum ego adjuvarem, etc.),id. Att. 11, 7, 7: “cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti (= utinam te credidisses),Verg. A. 11, 153: “edictum praemittit ad quam diem magistratus ... sibi esse praesto Cordubae vellet (= sibi praesto essent),Caes. B. C. 1, 19 (cf. also I. B. 9. b. β, and I. B. 2. fin. supra).—
2. In conditional clauses, si facere velim = si faciam, often rendered by the potential or future auxiliaries would or will: “non tu scis, Bacchae bacchanti si velis advorsarier, ex insanā insaniorem facies? (= si advorseris),Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 80: “si meum Imperium exsequi voluisset, interemptam oportuit (= si executus esset),Ter. Heaut. 4, 1, 22: “si id confiteri velim, tamen istum condemnetis necesse est (= si id confitear),if I would acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45: “si quis velit ita dicere ... nihil dicat (= si quis dicat),id. Fat. 14, 32: “dies deficiat si velim numerare, etc.,id. N. D. 3, 32, 81; “so,id. Tusc. 5, 35, 102; Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21, § 52: “quā in sententiā si constare voluissent, suam auctoritatem ... recuperassent,id. Fam. 1, 9, 14; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 31; id. Lael. 20, 75: “conicere potestis, si recordari volueritis quanta, etc.,if you will remember, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 58, § 129; so id. Or. 1, 44, 197; id. Brut. 1, 2, 5: “quod si audire voletis externa, maximas res publicas ab adulescentibus labefactatas reperietis,id. Sen. 6, 20; so id. Or. 1, 60, 256; 2, 23, 95: “ejus me compotem voti vos facere potestis, si meminisse vultis, non vos in Samnio, etc.,Liv. 7, 40, 5; 23, 13, 6; 23, 15, 4: cum olera Diogeni lavanti Aristippus dixisset: si Dionysium adulare velles, ista non esses; “Imo, inquit, si tu ista esse velles, non adulares Dionysium,Val. Max. 4, 3, ext. 4: “ut si his (legibus) perpetuo uti voluissent, sempiternum habituri fuerint imperium,id. 5, 3, ext. 3: “quid enim si mirari velit, non in silvestribus dumis poma pendere,Sen. Ira, 2, 10, 6; cf. Curt. 5, 1, 1; 3, 5, 6; Ov. H. 17 (18), 43.—With perf. inf. pass.: “nisi ea (opera) certi auctores monumentis suis testata esse voluissent,Val. Max. 3, 2, 24.—
3. In declarative sentences.
a. Volo in 1st pers. with perf. pass. inf. or part. (volo oratum esse or oratum = oro; v. I. B. 9. b. α and β): “vos omnes opere magno esse oratos volo benigne ut operam detis, etc.,Plaut. Cas. prol. 21: “justam rem et facilem esse oratam a vobis volo,id. Am. prol. 33: “illud tamen te esse admonitum volo, etc.,Cic. Cael. 3, 8: “sed etiam est paucis vos quod monitos voluerim,Plaut. Capt. prol. 53: “illud te, Tulli, monitum velim etc.,Liv. 1, 23, 8: “quamobrem omnes eos oratos volo Ne, etc.,Ter. Heaut. prol. 26; so, factum volo = faciam: serva tibi sodalem, et mihi filium. Mne. Factum volo, I will, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 91: pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac, etc. Nau. Factum volo, Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 4; so Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 10.—In 3d pers.: “esse salutatum vult te mea littera primum,Ov. P. 2, 7, 1.—
c. With perf. act. inf.: “pace tuā dixisse velim (= pace tuā dixerim),Ov. P. 3, 1, 9.—
d. In other connections, when the will or purpose is made more prominent than the action: “eorum alter, qui Antiochus vocatur, iter per Siciliam facere voluit (= fecit),Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27, § 61: “si suscipere eam (religionem) nolletis, tamen in eo qui violasset sancire vos velle oporteret (= sancire vos oporteret),id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § “114: ut insequentibus diebus nemo eorum forum aut publicum adspicere vellet (= adspiceret),Liv. 9, 7, 11: “talentis mille percussorem in me emere voluisti (= emisti),Curt. 3, 5, 6: quin etiam senatus gratias ei agentem quod redire voluisset ante portas eduxit (= quod redisset), Val. Max. 3, 4, 4: “utri prius gratulemur, qui hoc dicere voluit, an cui audire contigit? (= qui hoc dixit),id. 4, 7, ext. 2: “sic tua non paucae carpere facta volent (= carpent),Ov. P. 3, 1, 64.
B. Velim, as potential subjunctive (mostly in 1st pers. sing., as subjunctive of modest statement), = volo, I wish, I should like.
1. With verb in the second person.
a. With pres. subj., so most frequently in Cic.
(α). As a modest imperative of the dependent verb: velim facias = fac, I wish you would do it, please do it: “ego quae in rem tuam sint, ea velim facias,Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 9: “eas (litteras) in eundem fasciculum velim addas,Cic. Att. 12, 53: “eum salvere jubeas velim,id. ib. 7, 7, 7: “velim me facias certiorem, etc.,id. ib. 1, 19, 9: “tu velim saepe ad nos scribas,id. ib. 1, 12, 4: “velim mihi ignoscas,id. Fam. 13, 75, 1: “tu velim animum a me parumper avertas,id. Lael. 1, 5; cf. id. Att. 1, 11, 3; 7, 3, 11; 8, 12, 5; id. Fam. 15, 3, 2 et saep.: “haec pro causā meā dicta accipiatis velim,Liv. 42, 34, 13: velim, inquit, hoc mihi probes, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 51: “Musa velim memores, etc.,Hor. S. 1, 5, 53.—
(β). Expressing a wish without a command (v. vellem): “vera dicas velim,I wish you told the truth, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 18: “quam velim Bruto persuadeas ut Asturae sit,Cic. Att. 14, 15, 4: “ipse velim poenas experiare meas,Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 74; “so in asseverations: ita velim me promerentem ames, dum vivas, mi pater, ut ... id mihi vehementer dolet,Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 47.—
b. With infinitive clause.
(α). With the force of a modest imperative: “sed qui istuc credam ita esse, mihi dici velim (i. e. a te),Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 15: “extremum illud est quod mihi abs te responderi velim,Cic. Vat. 17, 41 (may be a dependent subjunctive): “itaque vos ego, milites, non eo solum animo .... pugnare velim, etc.,Liv. 21, 41, 10.—
(β). As a mere wish: “velim te arbitrari, frater, etc.,Plaut. Aul. 2, 1, 1: “primum te arbitrari id quod res est velim,Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 9.—With perf. act.: “hanc te quoque ad ceteras tuas eximias virtutes, Masinissa, adjecisse velim,Liv. 30, 14, 6.—With perf. pass., Liv. 1, 23, 8 (v. II. A. 3. a. supra).—
c. With ut (rare): “de tuis velim ut eo sis animo, quo debes esse,Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 4. —
d. With ne (rare), Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 23 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—
2. With dependent verb in the third person, expressing a wish.
a. With pres. subj.: “ita se defatigent velim Ut, etc.,Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3: “de Cicerone quae mihi scribis, jucunda mihi sunt: velim sint prospera,Cic. Att. 14, 11, 2: “velim seu Himilco, seu Mago respondeat,Liv. 23, 12, 15: “sint haec vera velim,Verg. Cir. 306: “nulla me velim syllaba effugiat,Quint. 11, 2, 45.—With final clause: “tu velim mihi ad urbem praesto sis, ut tuis consiliis utar,Cic. Att. 9, 16, 3; cf. id. ib. 11, 11, 2 (v. I. C. 2. supra).—With ellips. of pres. subj.: “velim mehercule Asturae Brutus (i. e. sit),Cic. Att. 14, 11, 1.—
b. With perf. subj. (a wish referring to the past): “nimis velim improbissumo homini malas edentaverint,Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 48.—
c. With inf.-clause: “ne ego nunc mihi modium mille esse argenti velim!Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 9: di me perdant! Me. Quodcunque optes, velim tibi contingere, id. Cist. 2, 1, 30: “velim eum tibi placere quam maxime,Cic. Brut. 71, 249: idque primum ita esse velim; “deinde etiam, si non sit, mihi persuaderi tamen velim,id. Tusc. 1, 11, 24: “quod faxitis, deos velim fortunare,Liv. 6, 41, 12.—With perf. pass. inf. (v. I. B. 9. b. β, supra): “edepol te hodie lapide percussum velim,Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 33: “moribus praefectum mulierum hunc factum velim,id. Aul. 3, 5, 30.—With inf.-clause understood: “nimium plus quam velim nostrorum ingenia sunt mobilia,Liv. 2, 37, 4.—
3. With verb in the first person.
b. With acc. and inf.: “quod velis, modo id velim me scire,Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 8.—So with perf. pass. inf.: “ego praeterquam quod nihil haustum ex vano velim, Fabium ... potissimum auctorem habui,Liv. 22, 7, 4.—
c. With subj. pres.: “eo velim tam facili uti possim et tam bono in me quam Curione,Cic. Att. 10, 8, 10 B. and K. ex conj. Müll. (Lachm., Hoffm. posse; al. possem).—
4. Velim in the principal sentence of conditional clauses, I would, I should be willing: “aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut (= si) conveniam modo,Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8: “velim, si fieri possit,id. Truc. 2, 4, 12: “si quid tibi compendi facere possim, factum edepol velim (redundant),id. ib. 2, 4, 26: “si possim, velim,id. Stich. 4, 2, 9: “nec velim (imitari orationes Thucydidis) si possim,Cic. Brut. 83, 287: “si liceat, nulli cognitus esse velim,Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 42.—
5. The other persons of velim in potential use (rare).
a. Velis.
(α). Imperatively = cupito: “quoniam non potest fieri quod vis, Id velis quod possit,Ter. And. 2, 1, 6: “atque aliquos tamen esse velis tibi, alumna, penates,Verg. Cir. 331.—
(β). Declaratively with indef. subj.: quom inopia'st, cupias; quando ejus copia'st, tum non velis, then you (i.e. people, they) do not want it, Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45.—
(γ). Redundant, as a form of the imperative of the dependent verb, Ov. Am. 1, 4, 38 (v. I. A. 3. a. β); id. H. 1, 80 (v. II. A. 1. b.); id. M. 2, 746 (v. II. A. 1. c.).—
b. Velit.
(α). Modestly for vult: “te super aetherias licentius auras Haud pater ille velit, etc.,Verg. A. 7, 558: nemo enim minui velit id in quo maximus fuit, would like that to be diminished in which, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 6; cf. Verg. A. 2, 104, and Ov. H. 9, 7 (v. I. E. 1. c. supra).— So, poet., instead of vellet with perf. inf.: “ut fiat, quid non illa dedisse velit?Ov. Am. 2, 17, 30.—
(β). = imperative of third person: “arma velit, poscatque simul rapiatque juventus,Verg. A. 7, 340.—Redundantly, giving to the dependent verb the force of an imperative, Quint. 8, prooem. 12 (v. II. A. 1. c. supra; v. also I. A. 3. a. supra).—
c. Velimus.
(α). In the optative sense of velim: “sed scire velimus quod tibi nomen siet,Plaut. Pers. 4, 6, 18.—
(β). With imperative sense (= let us, we should, etc.), Quint. 6, 3, 28 (v. I. A. 2. d. supra).—
d. Velitis = velim velitis (i. e. jubeatis, jubete): “novos consules ita cum Samnite gerere bellum velitis ut omnia ante nos bella gesta sunt,Liv. 9, 8, 10.—So especially in velitis jubeatis, a formula in submitting a law to the votes of the people in the comitia centuriata or tributa, let it be resolved and ordered by you: “rogatus in haec verba populus: velitis jubeatisne haec sic fieri, si respublica populi Romani Quiritium, etc.,Liv. 22, 10, 2: “velitis jubeatis, Quirites ... uti de re Ser. Sulpicius praetor urbanus ad senatum referat, etc.,id. 38, 54, 3.—And parodied by Cic.: “velitis jubeatis ut quod Cicero versum fecerit,Cic. Pis. 29, 72.—So in oblique discourse, vellent juberent: “rogationem promulgavit, vellent juberent Philippo ... bellum indici,Liv. 31, 6, 1: “vellent juberentne se regnare,id. 1, 46, 1; cf. “in the resolution of the people: plebis sic jussit: quod senatus ... censeat, id volumus jubemusque,id. 26, 33, 14.—
e. Velint, optative and redundant, Cic. Att. 11, 7, 7 (v. II. A. 1. d.); Ov. P. 1, 7, 8 (v. II. A. 1. c.).
C. Vellem, as potential subjunctive, I wish, should like, should have liked, representing the wish as contrary to fact, while velim refers to a wish which may be realized: “de Menedemo vellem verum fuisset, de reginā velim verum sit,Cic. Att. 15, 4, 4. It is not used with imperative force; cf.: “quod scribis, putare te ... vellem scriberes, cur ita putares ... tu tamen velim scribas,Cic. Att. 11, 24, 5.—Often quam vellem, how I wish, i. e. I wish very much; and in the same sense: nimium vellem, v. infra.
1. With verb in first person.
c. With inf.-clause, the predicate being a perf. part. (v. I. B. 9. b. β, supra): “virum me natam vellem,would I had been born a man! Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 9.—
d. With subj. imperf. (rare): “quam vellem, Panaetium nostrum nobiscum haberemus,Cic. Rep. 1, 10, 15.—
2. The subject of the dependent verb in the second person.
a. With subj. imperf. (the regular construction): “hodie igitur me videbit, ac vellem tum tu adesses,I wish you could be present, Cic. Att. 13, 7, 2: “quam vellem de his etiam oratoribus tibi dicere luberet,I wish you would please, id. Brut. 71, 248.—
c. With ne and pluperf. subj.: “tu vellem ne veritus esses ne parum libenter legerem tuas litteras,Cic. Fam. 7, 33, 2.—
d. With ellipsis of verb: vera cantas, vana vellem (i. e. cantares). Plaut. Most. 3, 4, 41.—
3. With verb in third person.
c. With inf.-clause.
(α). With inf. pres., I wish he were: “quam non abesse ab hujus judicio L. Vulsionem vellem!Cic. Clu. 70, 198: “nunc mihi ... Vellem, Maeonide, pectus inesse tuum,Ov. F. 2, 120.—
d. With ut, Cic. Sull. 1, 1; id. Fam. 7, 33, 2 (v. I. C. 1. a. supra).—
4. With acc. of a neuter pronoun or of a noun: “aliquando sentiam us nihil nobis nisi, id quod minime vellem, spiritum reliquum esse,Cic. Att. 9, 19, 2: tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem: apti essent ad id quod cogito, I would like to have (cf. I. E. 1. a.), id. ib. 13, 22, 2.—
5. In the other persons of vellem (mostly poet.).
a. Velles.
(α). In optative sentences redundant, Verg. A. 11, 153 (v. II. A. 1. d.).—
(β). Of an indefinite subject: “velles eum (Senecam) suo ingenio dixisse, alieno judicio,Quint. 10, 1, 130.—
b. Vellet.
(α). In the potential sense of vellem: vellet abesse quidem; “sed adest. Velletque videre, Non etiam sentire canum fera facta suorum,Ov. M. 3, 247.—
(β). Conditionally: “quis vellet tanti nuntius esse mali (i. e. if in this situation)?Ov. H. 12, 146.—
c. Vellent.
(α). In the potential sense of vellem: “quam vellent aethere in alto Nunc of pauperiem et duros perferre labores!Verg. A. 6, 436.—
(β). Conditionally: nec superi vellent hoc licuisse sibi, would wish, i. e. if in this situation, Mart. 4, 44, 8.
D. Volam and voluero.
1. In gen.: respiciendus erit sermo stipulationis, utrumne talis sit: quem voluero, an quem volam. Nam si talis fuerit quem voluero, cum semel elegerit, mutare voluntatem non poterit; “si vero ... quem volam, donec judicium dictet, mutandi potestatem habebit,Dig. 45, 1, 112.—
2. Volam in principal sentences.
(α). = Engl. future, I shall wish, etc.: “et commeminisse hoc ego volam te,I shall require you to recollect this, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 7: cum omnia habueris, tunc habere et sapientiam voles? will you also wish to have wisdom when? etc., Sen. Ep. 17, 8.—
(β). Denoting present probability: et scilicet jam me hoc voles patrem exorare, ut, etc., you doubtless wish me, etc., Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 27.—
3. In clauses dependent on predicates implying a future, generally rendered by an English present: “quid si sors aliter quam voles evenerit?otherwise than as you wish, Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 35: “tum te, si voles, cum patriae quod debes solveris, satis diu vixisse dicito,then if you choose, if you will, Cic. Marcell. 9, 27: “decedes cum voles,id. Att. 6, 3, 2: “qui magis effugies eos qui volent fingere?those who are bent upon inventing, who will invent, falsehoods, id. ib. 8, 2, 2; cf. id. ib. 1, 1, 4; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 24: “quod voles gratum esse, rarum effice,Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; cf. id. Brev. Vit. 7, 9: si di volent, the gods permitting, August. ap. Suet. Calig. 8: “invenies, vere si reperire voles,Ov. P. 3, 1, 34; cf. Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78; Tib. 1, 4, 45.—So, voluero: “quem (locum) si qui vitare voluerit, sex milium circuitu in oppidum pervenit,who wishes to avoid this spot, Caes. B. C. 2, 24.
E. Si vis, parenthetically.
1. If you please (cf. sis, supra init.): “paulum opperirier, Si vis,Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 52: “audi, si vis, nunc jam,id. Ad. 2, 1, 30: “dic, si vis, de quo disputari velis,Cic. Tusc. 2, 5, 13.—
2. If you wish, choose, insist upon it: “hanc quoque jucunditatem, si vis, transfer in animum,Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 14: “addam, si vis, animi, etc.,id. ib. 2, 27, 89: “concedam hoc ipsum, si vis, etc.,id. Div. 2, 15, 34.
F. Quam, with any person of the pres. indic. or subj., or imperf. subj. or future, = quamvis, in a concessive sense, virtually, however, however much.
2. 1st pers. plur.: “quam volumus licet ipsi nos amemus, tamen, etc.,Cic. Har. Resp. 9, 19.—
3. 2d pers. plur.: exspectate facinus quam vultis improbum, vincam tamen, etc., expect a crime, however wicked (ever so wicked), etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11; “but: hac actione quam voletis multi dicent,as many as you choose, id. ib. 2, 2, 42, § 102.—
H. With magis and maxime.
1. Magis velle: ut tu illam salvam magis velles quam ego, you wish more than I, etc., Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 17.—
2. With maxime, to wish above all, more than any thing or any one else, to be most agreeable to one, to like best, to prefer (among more than two alternatives): “quia id maxime volo ut illi istoc confugiant,wish above all, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 49; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 38: “maxime vellem, judices, ut P. Sulla, etc.,Cic. Sull. 1, 1: “caritate nos capiunt reges, consilio optimates, libertate populi, ut in comparando difficile ad eligendum sit, quid maxime velis,which you prefer, like best, id. Rep. 1, 35, 55; so, quemadmodum ego maxime vellem, id. Att. 13, 1, 1: “tris eos libros maxime nunc vellem,above all others, id. ib. 13, 32, 2: “alia excusanti juveni, alia recipienti futura, ita ut maxime vellet senatus responderi placuit,as it was most agreeable to him, Liv. 39, 47: “si di tibi permisissent quo modo maxime velles experiri animum meum,in the manner most convenient to yourself, Curt. 3, 6, 12.
K. In disjunctive co - ordination.
1. With sive ... sive: “tu nunc, sive ego volo, seu nolo, sola me ut vivam facis,whether I choose or not, Plaut. Cist. 3, 14: “itaque Campanos sive velint, sive nolint, quieturos,Liv. 8, 2, 13.—
2. Without connectives.
b. Velim nolim.
(α). Interrogatively, = utrum velim nec ne: “velit nolit scire, difficile est,it is difficult to know whether he intends it or not, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 8, 4.—
A. As a part. proper, retaining the meaning and construction of velle, with the force of a relative or adverbial clause.
1. Agreeing with some member of the sentence (poet. and in post-class. prose; “rare): neque illum ... multa volentem Dicere praeterea vidit (= qui multa voluit dicere),Verg. G. 4, 501; id. A. 2, 790: “nec me vis ulla volentem Avertet (i. e. si adhaerere foederi volo),id. ib. 12, 203: decemviri, minuere volentes hujuscemodi violentiam ... putaverunt, etc., intending (who intended) to diminish such a violence, etc., Gell. 20, 1, 34: “Milo, experiri etiamtunc volens, an ullae sibi reliquae vires adessent ... rescindere quercum conatus est,id. 15, 16, 3: “scio quosdam testatores, efficere volentes ne servi sui umquam ad libertatem venirent, etc., hactenus scribere solitos,Dig. 40, 4, 61: “si te volentem ad prohibendum venire, deterruerit aliquis, etc.,ib. 43, 24, 1, § 10.—
2. Abl. absol. (not ante-Aug.): “ne cujus militis scripti nomen nisi ipso volente deleretur,except with his consent, Liv. 7, 41, 4; so, “Teum ex medio cursu classem repente avertit, aut volentibus iis usurus commeatu parato hostibus, aut ipsos pro hostibus habiturus,with their consent, id. 37, 27, 3: “ponuntque ferocia Poeni Corda, volente deo,since the god willed it, Verg. A. 1, 303: Thrasippo supplicium a se voluntariā morte exigere volente, while he was about to inflict punishment on himself, etc., Val. Max. 5, 1, ext. 2: scire volentibus immortalibus dis an Romana virtus imperium orbis mereretur, it being the will of the gods to know, etc., Flor. 1, 13, 3 (1, 7, 3): qui sciente aut volente eo ad quem res pertinet, possessionem nanciscitur, with the knowledge and consent of the person who, etc., Dig. 41, 2, 6. —
B. As adj., willing, voluntary, and hence, favorably disposed (opp. invitus).
1. Attributively.
a. In the phrase cum dis volentibus, lit. with the willing or favoring gods, i. e. with the will, permission, or favor of the gods: dono ducite doque volentibu' cum magnis dis, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 208 Vahl.): “sequere hac, mea gnata, me cum dis volentibus,Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 4: “cum dis volentibus quodque bene eveniat mando tibi Mani uti illaec suovetaurilia, etc.,Cato, R. R. 141 (142).— And without cum, abl. absol.: “virtute ac dis volentibus magni estis et opulenti,Sall. J. 14, 19.—
b. Volenti animo.
(β). On purpose, intentionally: “consilio hanc omnes animisque volentibus urbem Adferimur,Verg. A. 7, 216.—
2. Predicatively.
a. Agreeing with the subject-nom. or subject - acc.
(α). Voluntarily, willingly, gladly (class.): “(hi) divini generis appellentur ... vobisque jure et lege volentes pareant,Cic. Univ. 11 fin.: “quas victi ab hostibus poenas metuerant, eas ipsi volentes pendere,Sall. J. 76, 6: “quia volentes in amicitiam non veniebant,Liv. 21, 39, 4: “si volentes ac non coacti mansissent in amicitiā,id. 24, 37, 7: “quocunque loco seu volens seu invitus constitisti,id. 7, 40, 13: “itaque se numquam volentem parte quā posset rerum consilio gerendarum cessurum,id. 22, 27, 9: “(virtus), quidquid evenerit, feret, non patiens tantum, sed etiam volens,Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5: “non est referre gratiam quod volens acceperis nolenti reddere,id. Ben. 4, 40, 4: “volens vos Turnus adoro,Verg. A. 10, 677; 3, 457; 6, 146; “12, 833: date vina volentes,id. ib. 8, 275: ipsa autem macie tenuant armenta volentes (on purpose), id. G. 3, 129.—And referring to subjects denoting things: quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura Sponte tulere suā, carpsit (spontaneously and willingly), Verg. G. 2, 500.—
(β). Favorably; with propitius, favorably and kindly, referring to the gods: “precantes Jovem ut volens propitius praebeat sacra arma pro patriā,Liv. 24, 21, 10: “precantibus ut volens propitiaque urbem Romanam iniret,id. 29, 14, 13: “in arce (Victoriam) sacratam, volentem propitiamque, firmam ac stabilem fore populo Romano,id. 22, 37, 12; 1, 16, 3; 7, 26, 3; 24, 38, 8; Inscr. Orell. 2489 sq.—Parodied by Plautus: “agite, bibite, festivae fores! fite mihi volentes propitiae,Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89.—Abl. absol.: “omnia diis propitiis volentibusque ea faciemus,with the favor and help of the gods, Liv. 39, 16, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.: “si (Jovem) invocem ut dexter ac volens assit,Quint. 4, prooem. 5.
b. Agreeing with other terms of the sentence (rare): volenti consuli causa in Pamphyliam devertendi oblata est, a welcome cause was offered to the consul, etc., Liv. 38, 15, 3: “quod nobis volentibus facile continget,if we wish, Quint. 6, 2, 30: “is Ariobarzanem volentibus Armeniis praefecit,to their satisfaction, Tac. A. 2, 4: “gemis ... hominem, Urse, tuum, cui dulce volenti servitium ... erat,to whom his servitude was sweet, since he liked it, Stat. S. 2, 6, 15: “me mea virtus, etc., fatis egere volentem,Verg. A. 8, 133: “saepe ille volentem castigabat erum,administered kindly received rebukes, Stat. S. 2, 6, 50.—
c. In the phrase aliquid mihi volenti est or putatur, etc., something is welcome, acceptable to me, pleases me (= volens habeo or accipio aliquid; cf. the Gr. Ὑμῖν ταῦτα βουλομένοις ἐστίν, and, mihi aliquid cupienti est; v. cupio; “rare but class.): uti militibus exaequatus cum imperatore labos volentibus esset,that the equalization of labor was acceptable to the soldier, Sall. J. 100, 4: “quia neque plebei militia volenti putabatur,id. ib. 84, 3 Dietsch: “grande periculum maritumis civitatibus esse, et quibusdam volentibus novas res fore,that to some a change of the government would be welcome, Liv. 21, 50, 10: “quibus bellum volentibus erat, probare exemplum,Tac. Agr. 18.—Impers. with subject - inf.: ceterisque remanere et in verba Vespasiani adigi volentibus fuit, to the rest it was acceptable to remain, etc., Tac. H. 3, 43.—With subject-inf. understood: “si volentibus vobis erit, in medium profero quae ... legisse memini,Macr. S. 7, 13, 11: “si volentibus vobis erit, diem fabulis et epulis exigamus,id. ib. 1, 7; 2, 3 fin.; 6, 6 init.
3. As subst. (mostly post-Aug.).
a. vŏlens , entis, m., = is qui vult, in the different meanings, and often with the construction of the verb.
(β). One who intends, is about: “juris ignorantia non prodest acquirere volentibus,” i. e. in the acquisition of property, Dig. 22, 6, 7: “si quis volentem incipere uti frui prohibuit,one who is about to enter upon a usufruct, ib. 43, 16, 3, § 14. —
(γ). One who is willing: “non refert quid sit quod datur, nisi a volente volenti datur,unless it is both willingly given and received, Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 8: “ducunt volentem fata, nolentem trahunt,those willing to follow, id. Ep. 107, 11.—
(δ). One who consents: “tutiusque rati volentibus quam coactis imperitare,to rule men with their consent, Sall. J. 102, 6: “quippe rempublicam si a volentibus nequeat ab invitis jus expetituram,peaceably if they could, forcibly if they must, Liv. 3, 40, 4: “si quis aliam rem pro aliā volenti solverit,if one pays with the consent of the receiver, Dig. 46, 3, 46: “nulla injuria est quae in volentem fiat,ib. 47, 10, 1, § 5.—(ε) One who does a thing voluntarily: “pecuniam etiam a volentibus acceperant,the contributions of money were voluntary, Vell. 2, 62, 3: “parce, puer, stimulis ... (solis equi) Sponte sua properant. Labor est inhibere volentis (i. e. properare),Ov. M. 2, 128.—(ζ) Volens = bene volens: munificus nemo habebatur nisi pariter volens, unless he was just as kindly disposed, sc. as he was liberal, Sall. J. 103, 6.—Often referring to a previously mentioned noun: “hunc cape consiliis socium et conjunge volentem,and unite with him, since he wishes it, Verg. A. 5, 712; so may be taken Ov. M. 2, 128 (v. ε).—
b. In the neutr. plur. (volentia) rare, always with dat., things pleasing, acceptable: “Pompeius multis suspitionibus volentia plebi facturus habebatur,that he would do what pleased the common people, Sall. H. 4, 31 Dietsch: “haec atque talia plebi volentia fuere,Tac. A. 15, 36 Draeg. ad loc. al.: “iique Muciano volentia rescripsere,id. H. 3, 52.—Hence, adv.: vŏlenter , willingly, App. M. 6, p. 178, 4.
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  • Cross-references in general dictionaries from this page (638):
    • Cicero, Letters to his Friends, 12.4.1
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    • Plautus, Cistellaria, 1.3
    • Plautus, Curculio, 1.2
    • Plautus, Curculio, 5.2
    • Plautus, Epidicus, 3.4
    • Plautus, Menaechmi, 1.3
    • Plautus, Mercator, 2.1
    • Plautus, Mercator, 2.3
    • Plautus, Mercator, 3.2
    • Plautus, Mercator, 4.4
    • Plautus, Mercator, 5.2
    • Plautus, Miles Gloriosus, 4.2
    • Plautus, Mostellaria, 1.3
    • Plautus, Mostellaria, 2.2
    • Plautus, Mostellaria, 3.2
    • Plautus, Persa, 2.5
    • Plautus, Persa, 4.3
    • Plautus, Persa, 4.4
    • Plautus, Persa, 4.6
    • Plautus, Persa, 5.2
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 1.1
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 3.2
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 4.1
    • Plautus, Poenulus, 5.2
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 2.3
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 3.2
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 4.1
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 4.2
    • Plautus, Pseudolus, 4.7
    • Plautus, Rudens, 1.2
    • Plautus, Rudens, 1.3
    • Plautus, Rudens, 2.6
    • Plautus, Rudens, 4.4
    • Plautus, Stichus, 1.1
    • Plautus, Stichus, 1.2
    • Plautus, Stichus, 3.2
    • Plautus, Stichus, 4.2
    • Plautus, Stichus, 5.2
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 2.2
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 2.4
    • Plautus, Trinummus, 3.2
    • Plautus, Truculentus, 2.4
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.17
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.24
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.28
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.37
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.44
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.51
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.55
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.59
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.60
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 1.61
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.14
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.20
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.21
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.45
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.58
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.60
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.67
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.71
    • Cicero, On Oratory, 2.77
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 19
    • Sallust, Catilinae Coniuratio, 58
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 100
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 73
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 102
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 103
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 14
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 31
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 4.1152
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 5.177
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 2.641
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 3.1058
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 3.1090
    • Lucretius, De Rerum Natura, 3.69
    • Suetonius, Divus Julius, 68
    • Suetonius, Tiberius, 61
    • Cornelius Nepos, Atticus, 4.2
    • Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 33.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 39
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 50
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 37
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 28
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26, 15.11
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 17
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 47
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 16.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 16.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 44.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 46.10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 34.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 40.13
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7, 26
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 18
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 38, 15
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 13
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 19
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 12.14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 40, 13.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 42, 14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 28.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 45.12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 27
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 68.9
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 54.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 5.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 41.12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 16
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 21
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 23
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 25
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 29
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 35.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 67.7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 21
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 41
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 53
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 12
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 13
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 15
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 9
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 24, 37
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 20
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 29, 14.13
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 6, 25.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7, 40
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 7, 41
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 34, 32.20
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 42, 19
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 42, 34
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 46.1
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 59.4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 4, 51.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 9, 7
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 21, 45
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 22
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 56
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 23, 45
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 25, 32
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 31, 6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 38, 54
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 16
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 17.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 1, 23.8
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 12.9
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 13.9
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 15.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 37.4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 44.5
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 2, 59.2
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 22, 10
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 40.4
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 50.15
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 3, 68.11
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 5, 55.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 26, 33.14
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 30, 14.6
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 32, 21.33
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 37, 27.3
    • Livy, The History of Rome, Book 39, 37
    • Seneca, de Ira, 1.20.4
    • Seneca, de Ira, 2.10.6
    • Seneca, de Ira, 2.19.3
    • Seneca, de Ira, 2.9.4
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 1.14.1
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 2.10.2
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 2.18.8
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 2.5.4
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 4.21.6
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 4.31.1
    • Seneca, de Beneficiis, 4.40.4
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.10
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.12
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.18
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.28
    • Cicero, De Republica, 1.35
    • Cicero, De Republica, 2.26
    • Cicero, De Republica, 3.33
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.31
    • Cicero, De Fato, 12
    • Cicero, De Fato, 14
    • Cicero, De Fato, 18
    • Cicero, De Fato, 19
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.11
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.13
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.18
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.27
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.31
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 2.4
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.11
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.17
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.20
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 3.3
    • Cicero, de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, 4.27
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 1.7
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 2.17
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 3.14
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 3.32
    • Cicero, de Natura Deorum, 3.39
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 18
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 8
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 1
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 10
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 20
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 23
    • Cicero, De Senectute, 6
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 1
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 20
    • Cicero, De Amicitia, 26
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.48
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.52
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.15
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.44
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.18
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.26
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 1.45
    • Cicero, De Divinatione, 2.25
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.10
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.11
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.21
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.33
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.34
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.36
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 1.6
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 2.17
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 2.18
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 2.20
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 2.24
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 2.5
    • Cicero, Tusculanae Disputationes, 5.35
    • Cicero, Paradoxa Stoicorum, 1
    • Cicero, Paradoxa Stoicorum, 5
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.12
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.31
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.34
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 2.22
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 3.1
    • Cicero, De Officiis, 1.45
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 2, 17.41
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 4, pr.5
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 6, 2.30
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 6, 3.28
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 7, 1.56
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 7, 9.15
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, 3.21
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, 4.15
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, pr.23
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 2.35
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 2.85
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 2.89
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 3.9
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 4.137
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 4.82
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 7, 10.1
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 7, 6.8
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, 3.43
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 8, pr.12
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 9, 4.20
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 1.130
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 10, 3.4
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 1.31
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 11, 2.45
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12, 10.22
    • Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, Book 12, 11.6
    • Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 15.16.3
    • Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 20.1.34
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 107.11
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 117.24
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 117.4
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 17.8
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 20.5
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 27.2
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 30.10
    • Seneca, Epistulae, 9.14
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 76
    • Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum, 84
    • Ovid, Tristia, 3.11
    • Ovid, Tristia, 3.8
    • Ovid, Tristia, 4.1
    • Ovid, Tristia, 4.5
    • Ovid, Tristia, 5.12
    • Ovid, Tristia, 5.2
    • Ovid, Ex Ponto, 1.7
    • Ovid, Ex Ponto, 2.7
    • Ovid, Ex Ponto, 3.1
    • Sextus Propertius, Elegies, 2.10
    • Florus, Epitome Rerum Romanorum, 1.33
    • Persius, Saturae, 1
    • Persius, Saturae, 5
    • Persius, Saturae, 6
    • Statius, Silvae, 2.6
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.5.6
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 3.6.12
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 4.13.24
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 4.16.33
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 4.6.6
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 5.1.1
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 8.10.30
    • Curtius, Historiarum Alexandri Magni, 8.13
    • Cicero, Brutus, 1.2
    • Cicero, Brutus, 44.163
    • Cicero, Brutus, 56.206
    • Cicero, Brutus, 83.287
    • Cicero, Brutus, 84.290
    • Cicero, Orator, 33.117
    • Ovid, Fasti, 2
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 2.9.5
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 3.2.24
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 3.4.4
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 3.7.3
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 4.3
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 4.3.4
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 4.7
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 5.1
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 5.1.3
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 5.3
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 5.8.3
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 6.1.8
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 6.1.9
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 6.9
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 6.9.2
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 7.1.1
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 7.4.2
    • Valerius Maximus, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, 7.5.6
    • Cicero, Timaeus, 10
    • Cicero, Timaeus, 11
    • Cicero, De Inventione, 2.2
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