CYA´NEAE
CYA´NEAE (
Plin. Nat. 5.27). Leake (
Asia Minor, p. 188) says that this Lycian town was discovered west of Andriaca [
ANDRIACA] by Mr. Cockerell.
The place, which is at the head of Port Tristomo, was determined by an inscription. Leake observes “that in our copies of Pliny it is written Cyane; in Hierocles and the Notitiae Episcopatuum it is Cyaneae.” But the name is written Cyaneae in Harduin‘s Pliny.
It is said in Spratt and Forbes (
Lycia, vol. ii. p. 271):--“On the high table land between port
Tristomo and the inland valley of
Kassabar, we found three ancient sites, which, from the inscriptions copied at each, appeared to be severally--or perhaps collectively--styled Cyaneae.” At one of these places, called
Tousa, a sarcophagus contained the feminine ethnic name
Κυανειτις, if it is copied right.
A pedestal found at another place, called
Yarvoo, contains a Greek inscription of the Roman period, with the usual formula,
Κυανειτων ἡ Βουλη και ὁ Δημος. And at a third place, named
Ghiouristan, a Greek inscription contained the form
Κυανειτων: and it is added,--“the words
Κυανειτων γερουσια occur in the inscription on a sarcophagus at the same locality.” (Spratt and Forbes,
Lycia, vol. ii. p. 271.)
It is singular that three distinct sites seem to have had the name Cyaneae, for the plural form appears to be the genuine name of the place.
Yarvoo, which seems to be the chief place, is due north of the head of the port
Tristomo: Ghiouristan is due north of
Yarvoo, and about 3 miles distant, according to the map in Spratt and Forbes's work.
Tousa is about WNW. of
Yarvoo, and further distant than
Ghiouristan. Yarvoo (Plan in Spratt and Forbes) is on a high platform, with a steep descent on two sides.
The walls are in a good state of preservation, and from 5 to 15 feet high.
There is a theatre 165 feet in diameter, many plain rock tombs, groups of sarcophagi, and confused heaps of ruins.
The remains are of the Roman and middle age construction; and some of a doubtful age.
There were none of the earlier Lycian tombs and inscriptions. At
Tousa a Lycian inscription was found.
The city was “small, and surrounded by a rudely constructed Hellenic wall, very perfect in some parts, combining the polygonal and cyclopean styles in its construction.” (Spratt and Forbes,
Lycia, vol. i. p. 111.)
It is added:--“it appeared to be a city ranking in importance with Phellus and Candyba, but in a better state of preservation.”
Tousa is nearly 5 hours from the sea. At
Ghiouristan there are three Lycian rock tombs, one of which has a Lycian and Greek. inscription.
There are many tombs and sarcophagi here.
This is another example of the discovery of Lycian towns of which no historical record has been preserved except the names.
It is not easy to conjecture why all these places had the same name, But it is very possible that one of them,
Yarvoo, was the chief place under the name of Cyaneae; and that the other two, which belonged to Cyaneae, might have other names, and yet be considered as dependent on the chief place, and might be comprehended under the same name.
[
G.L]
