κατά , before γ sometimes κάγ,
before δ κάδ, before π and φ κάπ, before ρ κάρ (and by some written in combination with
its case, e. g. καγγόνυ, καδδύναμιν):
down.—I. adv., down, utterly
(here belong all examples of ‘tmesis’ so-called);
κατὰ δάκρυ χέουσα, fig., κατὰ δ᾽ ὅρκια πάτησαν, ‘under
foot,’ Il. 4.157
; κατὰ δ᾽ ἅρματα ἄξω, break
‘to pieces;’ κατὰ ταῦρον
ἐδηδώς, having devoured, stronger than
‘eaten,’ through the force of κατά,
Il. 17.542;
Πηλῆά γ᾽ ὀι?ομαι ἢ κατὰ πάμπαν | τεθνάμεν, to be dead and gone,
cf. καταθνήσκω, Il. 19.334; the appropriate case of a subst. may specify the
relation of the adv., κατὰ δὲ νότιος ῥέεν
ἱδρὼς | ὤμων καὶ
κεφαλῆς (local gen.), Il.
11.811.—II. prep., (a) w. gen., down, down
from, down over, κατ᾽ οὐρανοῦ
εἰλήλουθεν,
Od. 7.199; κατ̓
ὀφθαλμοῦ κέχυτ̓ ἀχλυ?ς,
Il. 5.696;
ἀμβροσίην καὶ νέκταρ ἐρυθρὸν | στάξε κατὰ ῥι_νῶν, ‘down
through,’ ‘in through,’ Il. 19.39
; κατ᾽ ἄκρης, ‘from top to
bottom,’ ‘utterly.’—(b) w.
acc., down, down through, down into, κατὰ τεῖχος ἔβησαν, Il. 13.737; of motion not so vaguely as
ἀνά, ‘up and
down,’ but usually rather with reference to some definite
end or purpose, δοιὼ δὲ κυβιστητῆρε κατ᾽
αὐτοὺς.. ἐδι?νευον κατὰ μέσσους, ‘among
them.. down the centre,’ Od.
4.18
; ναίειν κατὰ πόλιν, in particular
places throughout the city, Il. 2.130; so, κατὰ γαῖαν, κατὰ
πόντον, and simply local, κατὰ
στῆθος, in the breast, met., κατὰ θυ_μόν, ‘in the
heart;’ transferred from the physical or local sense to
other relations, distributive, according
to, by, κατὰ φῦλα, κατὰ
στίχας, so κατὰ σφέας,
‘by themselves;’ fitness, κατὰ θυ_μόν, according to one's wish;
κατὰ κόσμον, κατ᾽ αἶσαν, κρομύοιο λοπὸν
κάτα, ‘after the semblance’ of an
onion-skin, Od. 19.233; purpose,
κατὰ πρῆξιν, ‘on
business’; κατὰ δαῖτα,
‘for a banquet,’ Il.
1.424.