Libiti'na
an ancient Italian divinity, who was identified by the later Romans sometimes with Persephone (on account of her connection with the dead and their burial) and sometimes with Aphrodite.
The latter was probably the consequence of etymological speculations on the name Libitina, which people connected with libido. (
Plut. Num. 12,
Quaest. Rom. 23.) Her temple at Rome was a repository of everything necessary for burials, and persons might there either buy or hire those things.
It was owing to this circumstance, that a person undertaking the proper burial of a person (an undertaker) was called
libitinarius, and his business
libitina, whence the expressions
libitinam exercere, or
facere (Senec.
de Benef. 6.38;
V. Max. 5.2.10), and
libitina funeribus non sufficiebat, i. e. they could not all be buried. (
Liv. 40.19,
41.21.) Also the utensils kept in the temple, especially the bed on which corpses were burnt, were called
libitina. (
Plin. Nat. 37.3; Martial,
10.97; Ascon.
Argum. ad Milon.) Dionysius (
4.79) relates that king Servius Tullius, in order to ascertain the number of persons who died, ordained that for each person that had died, a piece of money should be deposited in the temple of Libitina. (Comp.
Suet. Nero 39.) Owing to this connection of Libitina with the dead, Roman poets frequently employ her name in the sense of death itself. (
Hor. Carm. 3.30. 6;
Sat. 2.6, 19,
Epist. 2.1. 49; Juvenal. 14.122.)
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L.S]
