William F. Fox, Lt. Col. U. S. V., Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861-1865: A Treatise on the extent and nature of the mortuary losses in the Union regiments, with full and exhaustive statistics compiled from the official records on file in the state military bureaus and at Washington

Pennsylvania.--The percentage of killed in the soldiers of the Keystone State, as based upon the white troops, is greater than in the quota of any other Northern State. This high percentage of loss in battle was largely due to the fact that nearly all the Pennsylvania troops served in Virginia, where the territory was better contested and the war more prolonged. Then, again, the Pennsylvania regiments were second to none. The cavalry of the State were, as a whole, unsurpassed; they saw plenty of hard fighting, and their total losses in action exceed the cavalry losses of any other State.¹

A peculiarity in the numerical designations of the Pennsylvania regiments was the consecutive numbering, irrespective of the arm of the service to which they belonged. The volunteer regiments, as fast as they were organized, were numbered as volunteers; but at the same time some of them were given other numbers, pertaining to their arm of the service. The infantry regiments bore numerical designations identical with their volunteer numbers; but the cavalry and artillery were numbered as such, their titles being synonymous with their numbers in the volunteer line. The cavalry and artillery were never known by their volunteer numbers; hence, the