William F. Fox, Lt. Col. U. S. V., Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1861-1865: A Treatise on the extent and nature of the mortuary losses in the Union regiments, with full and exhaustive statistics compiled from the official records on file in the state military bureaus and at Washington

[16]

Chapter 2: maximum of regimental loss in killed in any one battle — proportion of wounded to killed.

Having arrived at the maximum of killed in a regiment during its term of service with its many battles, the question naturally arises as to the greatest number killed in any one action. There has been a great deal of exaggeration regarding regimental losses in particular battles, especially in instances where the loss was comparatively small; while some regiments which really sustained heroic losses are never mentioned in this particular. The figures in connection with this subject are interesting, as they show the extreme limit of loss in human life during a battle, in a regiment of the size common to the American Armies. Larger figures, of course, may be found in the casualty lists of the German regiments in the Franco-Prussian war, but these regiments contained three times as many men.

Although the casualty lists of a regiment are always stated in killed, wounded, and missing, the appended list shows only the killed, including those who died of their wounds. Farther on, in the “List of Battles, with Regiments sustaining Highest Loss in Each,” these same losses are given again, showing the number of killed, wounded, and missing; but in that table the mortally wounded are included with the wounded instead of with the killed.

The surviving wounded and the missing are omitted in the following list, in order to emphasize the more important feature of the loss, and the consequent relative position of the various regiments in this respect. The losses of the different commands can be compared better by eliminating the somewhat indefinite factor of the wounded and missing, and tabulating the regiments with regard only to the killed and died of wounds.

This list has been prepared after a careful examination of the muster-out rolls of every regiment whose losses would indicate that they might possibly have a place in this column. In each case the rolls have been examined name by name, in order to count the ones recorded there as killed or mortally wounded in the battles mentioned. The list includes every regiment in the Union Armies which sustained, in any one battle, a loss in killed or mortally wounded of fifty or more.

The First Maine Heavy Artillery took 950 officers and men into the assault on Petersburg, June 18th, 1864, and the Fifth New York took 490 into the fight at Manassas. These figures must be borne in mind in case of a comparison with the maximum battle-loss of regiments in foreign wars. Still higher percentages, however, occurred at times during the Civil War, and will be found recorded farther on. [17]

maximum of regimental loss in killed and died of wounds in particular engagements.

Heavy Artillery.
Regiment.	Battle.	Division.	Corps.	Killed.
1st Maine1	Petersburg2	Birney's	Second	210
8th New York	Cold Harbor	Gibbon's	Second	207
1st Maine	Spotsylvania3	Tyler's	Second	147
2d Connecticut	Cold Harbor	Russell's	Sixth	129
7th New York4	Cold Harbor	Barlow's	Second	127
1st Massachusetts5	Spotsylvania6	Tyler's	Second	120
9th New York7	Cedar Creek	Ricketts's	Sixth	64
2d Pennsylvania	Petersburg8	Willcox's	Ninth	64
14th New York	Petersburg9	Willcox's	Ninth	57
7th New York	Petersburg10	Barlow's	Second	55
1st Massachusetts	Petersburg11	Birney's	Second	54
2d New York	Petersburg12	Barlow's	Second	54
9th New York	Monocacy	Ricketts's	Sixth	51
Infantry.
5th New York13	Manassas	Sykes's	F. J. Porter's	117
15th New Jersey	Spotsylvania14	Russell's	Sixth	116
49th Pennsylvania	Spotsylvania15	Russell's	Sixth	109
15th Massachusetts16	Antietam	Sedgwick's	Second	108
1st Kansas	Wilson's Creek	Lyon's	------	106
1st Missouri	Wilson's Creek	Lyon's	------	103
9th Illinois17	Shiloh	W. H. Wallace's	------	103
18th U. S. Infantry18	Stone's River	Rousseau's	Fourteenth	102
11th Illinois	Fort Donelson	McClernand's	------	102
121st New York19	Salem Church	Brooks's	Sixth	97
70th New York	Williamsburg	Hooker's	Third	97
24th Michigan	Gettysburg	Wadsworth's	First	94
57th Massachusetts	Wilderness	Stevenson's	Ninth	94
61st Pennsylvania	Fair Oaks	Couch's	Fourth	92
145th Pennsylvania	Fredericksburg	Hancock's	Second	91
111th New York20	Gettysburg	Alex. Hays's	Second	88
22d Michigan	Chickamauga	Morgan's	Reserve	88
20th Wisconsin	Prairie Grove	Herron's	------	88
9th Massachusetts	Gaines's Mill	Morell's	Fifth	87
8th U. S. Colored	Olustee	Seymour's	Tenth	87
32d Iowa	Pleasant Hill	Mower's	Sixteenth	86
55th Illinois	Shiloh	Sherman's	------	86
4th Vermont	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	84
22d Massachusetts	Gaines's Mill	Morell's	Fifth	84
13th U. S. Colored	Nashville	Cruft's	------	84
10th Ohio	Chaplin Hills21	Rousseau's	------	84
49th Ohio	Pickett's Mills	T. J. Wood's	Fourth	83
2d Wisconsin	Manassas22	Hatch's	First23	83
48th New York	Fort Wagner	Seymour's	Tenth	83
15th Kentucky	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	82
36th Wisconsin	Cold Harbor24	Gibbon's	Second	81
24th New York	Manassas	Hatch's	First	81
23d U. S. Colored Inf.	Petersburg Mine	Ferrero's	Ninth	81
8th Illinois	Fort Donelson	McClernand's	------	81
16th Wisconsin	Shiloh	Prentiss's	------	79
43d Illinois	Shiloh	McClernand's	------	78
16th Michigan	Gaines' Mill	Morell's	Fifth	78
118th Pennsylvania	Shepherdstown	Morell's	Fifth	78
7th New Hampshire25	Fort Wagner	Seymour's	Tenth	77
72d New York	Williamsburg	Hooker's	Third	77
1st Wisconsin	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	77
12th U. S. Infantry	Gaines' Mill	Sykes's	Fifth	76
16th Maine	Fredericksburg	Gibbon's	First	76
1st Minnesota	Gettysburg	Gibbon's	Second	75
2d Vermont	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	75
21st Illinois	26Stone's River	Davis's	Fourteenth	75
24th Iowa	Champion's Hill	Hovey's	Thirteenth	75
12th Massachusetts	Antietam	Ricketts's	First	74
25th Massachusetts	Cold Harbor	Martindale's	Eighteenth	74
7th Iowa	Belmont	Grant's	------	74
9th Iowa	Pea Ridge	E. A. Carr's	------	74
18th Illinois	Fort Donelson	McClernand's	------	74
35th Massachusetts	Antietam	Sturgis's	Ninth	73
12th New Hampshire27	Chancellorsville	Whipple's	Third	72
5th Vermont28	Savage Station	W. F. Smith's	Sixth	72
19th Iowa	Prairie Grove	Herron's	------	72
9th Ohio	Chickamauga	Brannan's	Fourteenth	72
38th Ohio	Jonesboro	Baird's	Fourteenth	72
81st New York	Cold Harbor	Brooks's	Eighteenth	72
93d New York	Wilderness	Birney's	Second	72
11th Pennsylvania	Manassas29	Ricketts's	First	72
59th New York	Antietam	Sedgwick's	Second	71
69th New York	Antietam	Richardson's	Second	71
11th Penn. Reserves	Gaines' Mill	McCall's	Fifth	71
23d Pennsylvania	Cold Harbor	Russell's	Sixth	71
75th Illinois	Chaplin Hills	Mitchell's	------	71
77th Ohio	Shiloh	Sherman's	------	71
40th Illinois	Shiloh	Sherman's	------	71
15th Illinois	Shiloh	Hurlbut's	------	70
73d New York	Gettysburg	Humphreys's	Third	70
147th New York	Gettysburg	Wadsworth's	First	76
16th Connecticut	Antietam	Sturgis's	Ninth	70
93d Illinois	Champion's Hill	Crocker's	Seventeenth	70
22d Iowa	Vicksburg (May 22）	E. A. Carr's	Thirteenth	70
97th Pennsylvania	Bermuda Hundred	Ames's	Tenth	70
203d Pennsylvania	Fort Fisher	Ames's	Tenth	69
6th Vermont	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	69
5th New Hampshire30	Cold Harbor	Barlow's	Second	69
9th New Hampshire	Spotsylvania	Potter's	Ninth	68
19th Maine	Gettysburg	Gibbon's	Second	68
3d Vermont	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	68
7th U. S. Colored	Fort Gilmer	Paine's	Eighteenth	68
14th Ohio	Chickamauga	Brannan's	Fourteenth	68
8th Iowa	Shiloh	W. H. Wallace's	------	68
32d Illinois	Shiloh	Hurlbut's	------	68
84th Illinois	Stone's River	Palmer's	Fourteenth	67
6th New Hampshire	Manassas	Reno's	Ninth	67
67th New York	Fair Oaks	Couch's	Fourth	67
148th Pennsylvania	Spotsylvania	Barlow's	Second	67
149th Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Doubleday's	First	67
18th Kentucky	Richmond	Nelson's	------	66
96th Illinois	Chickamauga	Steedman's	Reserve	66
3d New Hampshire	Drewry's Bluff	Terry's	Tenth	66
12th New Hampshire	Cold Harbor	Brooks'	Eighteenth	66
30th New York	Manassas	Hatch's	First	66
100th New York	Fort Wagner	Seymour's	Tenth	66
142d Pennsylvania	Fredericksburg	Meade's	First	66
151st Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Doubleday's	First	66
2d Michigan	Petersburg31	Willcox's	Ninth	65
26th Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Humphreys's	Third	65
36th Illinois	Stone's River	Sheridan's	Fourteenth	65
82d New York	Gettysburg	Gibbon's	Second	65
146th New York	Wilderness	Ayres's	Fifth	65
46th Ohio	Shiloh	Sherman's	------	65
28th Pennsylvania	Antietam	Greene's	Twelfth	64
72d Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Gibbon's	Second	64
4th New York	Antietam	French's	Second	64
126th New York	Gettysburg	Alex. Hays's	Second	64
3d Ohio	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	64
21st Wisconsin	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	64
5th U. S. Colored	Chaffin's Farm	Paine's	Eighteenth	63
5th Vermont	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	63
8th New York	Cross Keys	Blenker's	------	63
6th Iowa	Shiloh	Sherman's	------	63
105th Ohio	Chaplin Hills	Jackson's	------	75
5th Iowa	Iuka	Hamilton's	------	62
19th Indiana	Manassas	Hatch's	First	62
141st Pennsylvania	Chancellorsville	Birney's	Third	62
8th Michigan	James' Island	Stevens's	------	61
98th Ohio	Chaplin Hills	Jackson's	------	66
140th Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Caldwell's	Second	61
83d Pennsylvania	Gaines' Mill	Morell's	Fifth	61
6th U. S. Colored	Chaffin's Farm	Paine's	Eighteenth	61
87th Indiana	Chickamauga	Brannan's	Fourteenth	61
10th Iowa	Champion's Hill	Crocker's	Seventeenth	61
125th Illinois	Kenesaw	Davis's	Fourteenth	61
8th Kansas	Chickamauga	Davis's	Twentieth	61
26th Wisconsin32	Gettysburg	Schurz's	Eleventh	61
121st New York	Spotsylvania	Russell's	Sixth	60
134th New York	Gettysburg	Steinwehr's	Eleventh	60
27th Michigan	Spotsylvania	Willcox's	Ninth	60
14th New Hampshire	Opequon	Grover's	Nineteenth	59
6th New Jersey	Williamsburg	Hooker's	Third	59
111th New York	Wilderness	Barlow's	Second	59
63d New York	Antietam	Richardson's	Second	59
76th Pennsylvania	Fort Wagner33	Seymour's	Tenth	59
83d Pennsylvania34	Spotsylvania	Griffin's	Fifth	59
96th Pennsylvania	Spotsylvania	Wright's	Sixth	59
28th Illinois	Shiloh	Hurlbut's	------	58
31st Illinois	Fort Donelson	McClernand's	------	58
47th Pennsylvania	Cedar Creek	Dwight's	Nineteenth	58
55th Pennsylvania	Drewry's Bluff	Ames's	Tenth	58
125th Pennsylvania	Antietam	Williams's	Twelfth	58
26th Massachusetts	Opequon	Grover's	Nineteenth	58
54th Massachusetts (Col'd)	Fort Wagner	Seymour's	Tenth	58
3d New Jersey	Gaines' Mill	Slocum's	Sixth	58
42d New York	Antietam	Sedgwick's	Second	58
157th New York	Gettysburg	Schurz's	Eleventh	58
118th New York	Drewry's Bluff	Brooks's	Eighteenth	57
124th New York	Chancellorsville	Whipple's	Third	57
14th New Jersey	Cold Harbor	Ricketts's	Sixth	57
7th Michigan	Antietam	Sedgwick's	Second	57
143d Pennsylvania	Wilderness	Wadsworth's	First	57
150th Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Doubleday's	First	57
22d Indiana	Chaplin Hills	Mitchell's	------	57
46th Illinois	Shiloh	Hurlbut's	------	57
7th Wisconsin35	Wilderness	Wadsworth's	First	57
37th Wisconsin3637	Petersburg	Willcox's	Ninth	57
1st Delaware	Antietam	French's	Second	56
2d Massachusetts	Cedar Mountain	Williams's	Twelfth38	56
28th Massachusetts	Manassas	Stevens's	Ninth	56
6th Maine	Rappahannock Sta.	Wright's	Sixth	56
7th New York	Fredericksburg	Hancock's	Second	56
164th New York	Cold Harbor	Gibbon's	Second	56
69th Pennsylvania	Gettysburg	Gibbon's	Second	56
105th Pennsylvania39	Wilderness	Birney's	Second	56
119th Pennsylvania	Spotsylvania	Russell's	Sixth	56
46th Pennsylvania40	Cedar Mountain	Williams's	Twelfth41	55
188th Pennsylvania	Cold Harbor	Brooks's	Eighteenth	55
9th Illinois	Fort Donelson	C. F. Smith's	------	55
38th Illinois	Stone's River	Davis's	Fourteenth	55
37th Wisconsin	Petersburg Mine	Willcox's	Ninth	55
7th Ohio	Cedar Mountain	Augur's	Twelfth	55
5th New York	Gaines' Mill	Sykes's	Fifth	55
140th New York	Wilderness	Griffin's	Fifth	55
155th New York	Cold Harbor	Gibbon's	Second	55
9th New York	Antietam	Rodman's	Ninth	54
21st New York	Manassas	Hatch's	First	54
40th New York	Wilderness	Birney's	Second	54
112th New York	Cold Harbor	Devens's	Tenth	54
115th New York	Olustee	Seymour's	Tenth	54
120th New York	Gettysburg	Humphreys's	Third	54
17th Maine	Wilderness	Birney's	Second	54
18th Massachusetts	Manassas	Morell's	Fifth	54
37th Massachusetts	Wilderness	Getty's	Sixth	54
1st Michigan	Manassas	Morell's	Fifth	54
4th Michigan	Malvern Hill	Morell's	Fifth	54
18th U. S. Infantry	Chickamauga	Baird's	Fourteenth	54
10th Vermont	Cold Harbor	Ricketts's	Sixth	54
2d Iowa	Fort Donelson	C. F. Smith's	------	54
71st Indiana	Richmond	Nelson's	------	54
79th Pennsylvania	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	54
105th Pennsylvania	Fair Oaks	Kearny's	Third	53
26th Michigan	Spotsylvania	Barlow's	Second	53
26th Wisconsin	Chancellorsville	Schurz's	Eleventh	53
10th Wisconsin	Chaplin Hills	Rousseau's	------	52
38th Ohio	Chickasaw Bluffs	Steele's	Fifteenth	52
26th Indiana	Prairie Grove	Herron's	------	52
11th Iowa	Shiloh	McClernand's	------	52
13th Iowa	Atlanta (July 22d）	Giles A. Smith's	Seventeenth	52
15th Indiana	Stone's River	T. J. Wood's	Fourteenth	52
4th New Jersey	Gaines' Mill	Slocum's	Sixth	52
24th New Jersey	Fredericksburg	French's	Second	52
49th New York	Spotsylvania	Getty's	Sixth	52
137th New York	Gettysburg	Geary's	Twelfth	52
1st Michigan (S. S.)	Spotsylvania	Willcox's	Ninth	52
26th Ohio	Chickamauga	T. J. Wood's	Twenty-first	52
65th Ohio	Stone's River	T. J. Wood's	Fourteenth	52
6th Ohio	Stone's River	Palmer's	Fourteenth	51
21st Ohio	Chickamauga	Negley's	Fourteenth	51
101st Ohio	Stone's River	Davis's	Fourteenth	51
8th Connecticut	Antietam	Rodman's	Ninth	51
47th Indiana	Champion's Hill	Hovey's	Thirteenth	51
12th Wisconsin	Atlanta (July 22d）	Leggett's	Seventeenth	51
7th New Hampshire	Olustee	Seymour's	Tenth	51
5th New Hampshire	Fredericksburg	Hancock's	Second	51
46th Pennsylvania	Peach Tree Creek	Williams's	Twentieth	51
14th Illinois	Shiloh	Hurlbut's	------	51
20th New York	Antietam	W. F. Smith's	Sixth	51
80th New York	Manassas	Hatch's	First	51
26th New York42	Fredericksburg	Gibbon's	First	51
26th New York	Antietam	Ricketts's	First	50
64th New York	Fair Oaks	Richardson's	Second	50
83d Pennsylvania	Malvern Hill	Morell's	Fifth	50
12th Missouri	Vicksburg (May 22）	Steele's	Fifteenth	50
2d Minnesota	Chickamauga	Brannan's	Fourteenth	50
24th Indiana	Champion's Hill	Hovey's	Thirteenth	50

[22]

There are certain regiments which do not appear in the foregoing table, and yet they were regiments which had encountered an unusual amount of hard fighting. They had been in too many battles and sustained heavy losses in too many of them, to allow a surprising loss in any one. Notably among such were the Twentieth and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts, the Fourteenth Connecticut, the Ninth Maine, the Second New Hampshire, the Forty-fourth, Fifty-first, and Sixty-first New York, the Forty-fifth, Fifty-third, Eighty-first, and One Hundredth Pennsylvania, the Fifth Michigan, the Fifth and Sixth Wisconsin, the Twentieth and Twenty-seventh Indiana, the Fifteenth Ohio, and the Forty-second Illinois.

In these figures the mortally wounded are included with the killed, as the object is to state clearly the loss of life in each instance instead of the total casualties. The proportion of the wounded to the number killed or died of wounds is very near 2.5. This ratio is based on the figures, after the mortally wounded have been deducted from the wounded and added to the killed.

This ratio of 2.5 must not be confounded with the one representing the usual proportion of wounded to killed, as shown in statements of aggregate losses in battle. In such losses the proportion of wounded to the killed is about 4.8, the mortally wounded being always included with the wounded; for the casualty lists are made up at the close of the battle, and with the killed are included only those who died on the field. In all such statements — of killed, wounded, and missing — the mortally wounded are necessarily included with the wounded, and the word killed refers only to those who were killed outright, or died within a few hours.

The proportion of 4.8 is an average ratio as regards the aggregate of losses in battle, but is not a constant one. It varies somewhat, the proportion of killed increasing where the fighting is close and destructive, while in long range fighting the proportion of wounded increases. [23]

proportion of wounded to killed.

Battles.	Killed.	Wounded, including mortally.	Captured and Missing.	Ratio of Wounded to Killed.
Shiloh	1,754	8,408	2,885	4.7
Mill Springs	39	207	--	5.3
Fort Donelson	500	2,108	224	4.2
Pea Ridge	203	980	201	4.8
New Berne	90	380	1	4.2
Kernstown	118	450	22	3.8
Williamsburg	456	1,410	373	3.0
Fair Oaks	790	3,594	647	4.5
Seven Days	1,734	8,062	6,053	4.6
Cedar Mountain	314	1,445	622	4.5
Manassas	1,747	8,452	4,263	4.8
South Mountain	325	1,403	85	4.3
Crampton's Gap	113	418	2	3.6
Antietam	2,108	9,549	753	4.5
Iuka	141	613	36	4.3
Corinth	355	1,841	324	5.1
Chaplin Hills	845	2,851	515	3.3
Chickasaw Bluffs	208	1,005	563	4.8
Arkansas Post	134	898	29	6.7
Gettysburg	3,063	14,492	5,435	4.7
Vicksburg Campaign	1,514	7,395	453	4.8
Port Hudson	707	3,336	319	4.7
Rappahannock Station	83	328	6	3.9
Fort Wagner (July 18）	246	880	389	3.5
Mine Run	173	1,099	381	6.3
Missionary Ridge	752	4,713	349	6.2
Wilderness	2,246	12,037	3,383	5.3
Spotsylvania	2,725	13,416	2,258	4.9
North Anna and	591	2,734	661	4.6
Totopotomoy
Cold Harbor and	1,844	9,077	1,816	4.9
Bethesda Church
Petersburg, June 15-18	1,688	8,513	1,185	5.0
Deep Bottom	327	1,851	721	5.6
Atlanta Campaign	4,423	22,822	4,442	5.1
Opequon	697	3,983	338	5.7
Cedar Creek	644	3,430	1,591	5.3
21 Minor Engagements	835	4,597	461	5.5
Total	34,532	168,777	41,786	4.8

Included in the “Captured and missing” are many wounded men, also a large number of killed. Their relative proportion cannot be ascertained, but it probably would not differ enough from the usual ratio to change the average to any extent. In the preceding table the losses at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Chickamauga, and Drewry's Bluff are omitted. [24] In those battles the Union Armies lost possession of the field, and consequently a large number of the killed are included with the missing — so large a number that any ratio based on the casualties of these battles would be misleading.

In the German army, during the Franco-Prussian war, the proportion of wounded to the killed was 5.4, and the proportion of wounded to the killed and mortally wounded was 3.02.⁴³

Mr. Kirkley, the statistician of the War Department, states the deaths from battles curing the Civil War at 110,070, of which 67,508 are classified as killed in action, and 43,012 as having died of wounds. From this it appears that, on the average, the mortally wounded are equal to 64 per cent. of the killed.⁴⁴ Hence, the proportion of wounded to killed may be expressed by the following formulas, the first showing the proportion where the mortally wounded are included with the wounded, and the second where they are included with the killed.

Killed.		Wounded.		Killed.		Wounded.
（a) 100	+	480 = 580	or as	1	:	4.8
（b) 164	+	416 = 580	or as	1	:	2.5

The first represents the common form used in stating the casualties at the close of an action; the second represents the same loss, after the number of those who died of wounds has been ascertained from the muster-out rolls, and added to the killed outright. The first is the common one used in all military reports and histories.

In the Surgeon-General's Report of the War, it appears that out of 235,585 cases of gunshot wounds treated in the hospitals, 33,653 died of their injuries — a ratio of 14 per cent., and one which agrees closely with the conditions expressed in the preceding formulas.⁴⁵

From the second formula it may be deduced, that if 110,070 were killed or mortally wounded in the war, the total of casualties may be further stated as:--

Killed and Died of Wounds (official)	110,070
Wounded, not mortally	275,175
Total of killed and wounded	385,245

If these formulas are correct they are of value, as there is no other way of arriving at the total number of killed and wounded in the war. There were so many minor engagements for which no official returns of casualties were made, that any summary of the casualties by battles would fall far short of the correct amount.

The number of wounded treated at the hospitals during the war was 246,712, which, according to the Surgeon-General's estimate, embraced nine-tenths of all the wounded. Of these hospital cases, only 922 were wounded by sabres or bayonets, and a large proportion of these originated in private quarrels, or were inflicted by camp-guards in the discharge of their duty.

This ratio of 4.8, though true in the aggregate, varies greatly in particular instances; though generally correct as to the loss of an army in battle, it will not always hold good for a particular regiment. Still, the same regiment which in some one engagement may show a [25] far different proportion, will in its aggregate of battles, show the usual ratio; particularly so if its losses are not complicated by too large a number of missing.

The exact number of wounded who die of injuries received in any battle is an important element in this matter of losses in action. The man who dies under the surgeon's knife should be included with the killed as well as the one who, a few hours before, slowly bled to death upon the field. The mangled soldier who survived a day belongs with the killed as much as the one who was buried where he fell. And, yet, they never are. Take Gettysburg, for instance. The official figures for the Union loss at Gettysburg have lately been revised and corrected at the War Department. This final statement shows that the Union Army lost at Gettysburg 3,063 killed, 14,492 wounded, and 5,435 missing. But, as usual, the mortally wounded are included in the 14,492 wounded. As no further statement of this loss will be made by the War Department, the question arises as to how many of the wounded died of their injuries. How many of the Union Army were killed or died of their wounds as a result of the battle of Gettysburg? What was the actual loss of life?

Hitherto, this important question has never been answered. The writer, impressed with its importance, has examined the rolls of each regiment which fought at Gettysburg, and picked off, name by name, the number of those who were killed or died of wounds in that greatest of historic battles. As a result, it appears that 5,291 men lost their lives, fighting for the Union on that field. To the recapitulation of losses, as published by Mr. Kirkley in 1886, I have attached here the number of killed, as increased by those who died of wounds, three-fourths of whom died within a week.

Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863.

	Killed.	Wounded.	Captured or Missing.	Total.	Killed and Died of Wounds.
General Headquarters	----	4	----	4	----
1st Army Corps	593	3,209	2,222	6,024	1,098
2d Army Corps	796	3,186	368	4,350	1,238
3d Army Corps	578	3,026	606	4,210	1,050
5th Army Corps	365	1,611	211	2,187	593
6th Army Corps	27	185	30	242	46
11th Army Corps	368	1,922	1,511	3,801	724
12th Army Corps	204	810	67	1,081	320
Cavalry Corps	90	352	407	849	152
Reserve Artillery	42	187	13	242	70
Total	3,063	14,492	5,435	22,990	5,291

From these figures it appears that the Second Corps sustained the greatest loss in killed, although the First Corps is credited with the largest number of casualties. The strength of each Corps, in infantry, present for duty equipped, June 30, 1863, was:--

First Corps,	9,403	Fifth Corps,	11,954	Twelfth Corps,	8,193
Second Corps,	12,363	Sixth Corps,	14,516	Cavalry Corps,	14,973
Third Corps,	11,247	Eleventh Corps,	9,197	Artillery,	6,692

It is extremely doubtful, however, if any one of these corps carried into action four-fifths of this reported strength. The returns for the First Corps do not include Stannard's Vermont Brigade (three regiments), which joined July 2d; the two other regiments of this brigade were with the wagon train.