John M. Schofield, Forty-six years in the Army

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Umatilla, Ore., a trip to, 430

Union County, reported expulsion of Union families from, 93

Union Pacific Railroad, proposed strike on, 509, 510

United States, the government of law in, 5; the Seminole troubles, 23-25; the compound questions of Union and slavery in, 94, 95; slow progress of civilization in, 365, 437, 438; the proper preparation for war in, 366; interference of the Federal power within the States, 374, 493 et seq.; feeling against French intervention in Mexico, 378; friendship with France, 379, 382 et seq.; proposal to float a Mexican loan, 380, 383; dangers of war with France, 381 et seq.; financial stringency, 255, 314, 315, 383, 529-532; France demands recognition of Maximilian by, 384; strength of the government, 386, 387; the armies of, 386, 387; advisability of neutrality between Mexico and France, 391; controversies of the War Department, 406 et seq. (see also War Department); defects in the military department of the government, 406 et seq.; the President the commander-in-chief, 407-412, 419-423, 437, 479; a time of great national peril, 415; subordination of the military to the civil power, 420; impossibility of a purely military commander for the army, 422; question of annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, 431-433; the State and Territorial systems of, 433, 434; military and naval outposts of, 433, 434; responsibility of officials of, to the government and the people, 434; military government in, 434-438; fear of military despotism in, 437, 438; presentation of site of Fort Sheridan to, 454, 455; national defense, 456-460, 484-487, 520 et seq.; the authority of the voice of, 458; patriotism in, 481; threatened war with Chile, 489, 490; development of the West, 491; industrial depression in, 491, 492; weakness of military policy at outbreak of the war, 513 et seq.; advantage over the Confederate States, 514-516; the delays of the Civil War, 525; importance of quick mobilization, 526, 527; sea-coast defense, 526-528; relative functions of the army and navy, 527, 528; foreign policy, 527, 528; the financial lessons of the war, 529-534; military and financial strength, 531, 532; the military staff of the commander-in-chief, 536-540; the war governors of, 540

United States Army, the, its probity before the war, 17, 18; value of its sergeants, 18; devotion of its officers to duty, 20; self-confidence and discipline, 349; honor in, 352; General Orders, No. 15, of May 25, 1894, 405, 505, 506, 508, 509; functions of the commander-in-chief, 420, 421; relations with the civil authorities, 420, 495, 503-512; the offices of the general-in-chief and adjutant-general, 421-423; impossibility of a purely military commander for, 422; courtesy in, 444; indignation in, at useless changes, 448-450; causes of discontent in, 449, 450; retirement for age, 449, 450, 453, 481; instruction in artillery, 458-460; medals of honor, 474, 475; the rank of senior general, 476; promotion in, 480, 481; misplaced ambition in, 480, 481; plans for increase of, 487; Indians in, 488, 489; Gen. Scott's theory concerning, 513; condition at outbreak of the war, 613 et seq.; necessity of a well-disciplined, 518 et seq.; necessity of quick mobilization, 526, 527; infantry and light artillery, 528; value of legal education in, 534, 535; supposed prejudice in, against non-military graduates, 535; the position should seek the man, 536; the position of general-in-chief, 536-540; the staff of the commander-in-chief, 536-540; the ranks of general and lieutenant-general, 538. See also War Department.

United States Congress, authorizes formation of special militia in Missouri, 55; authorizes confiscation of rebel property, July 17, 1862, 57; reconstruction under, 354, 355, 395 et seq.; legislates concerning the holding of civil office by army officers, 405; confers on Grant command of all the armies, 408,409; necessity of its guarding against Johnson's lawless acts, 416; power to declare war, 437; bill for retirement of army officers, 449, 453, 481; restoration of Fitz-John Porter, 460, 465; reforms in the War Department, 471; authorizes medals of honor, 474, 475; national defense, 484-487; legislation concerning use of the military power, 493; creation of the Pacific railroads, 509, 510; a qualification for members, 519, 520; a doubtful right of, 533; creates S. lieutenant-general, 547

United States Constitution, the, learning it by heart, 22; its powers and limitations, 374; the Fourteenth Amendment, 376, 394 et seq.; the President the commander-in-chief under, 479, 536-540; exercise of the military power under, 408 et seq., 493 et seq., 507, 508; a vicious clause in, 533, 534; value of knowledge of, to military officers, 534, 535

United States courts, enforcing the processes of, 497, 502-505, 507, 508, 510-512

United States mails, protection of, 492, 497-499, 502, 503, 507, 510-512

United States Military Academy, West Point, S. secures opportunity to enter, 2; the Academy as a preparatory school for the study of law, 2; S.'s journey to, and reporting at, 3; S.'s life at, 3-15; camp life, 4; prohibition of smoking, 5; its training and its graduates, 5-7, 27, 514, 515, 525; a forbidden trip to New York from, 7, 8; the Bible-class and skeptics at, 8, 9; instructing candidates for the Academy, 10; an unconscious offense and its results, 10-12; S. dismissed from, returns to, court-martialed, and reinstated, 11, 12, 241, 242; room-mates at, 13; the last parade of the class, 15; description of its graduates, 16; S. detailed for duty at, 26; professional life at, 26-29; an anomalous position at, 27; its high standing, 27, 408; work in the observatory, 28, 29; S. ordered to secure arms at, 48; McPherson at, 125; Hood at, 138; J. E. B. Stuart at, 154; Thomas at, 189; S. appointed superintendent, 439 et seq.; effects of the Civil War on, 442; Gen. Ruger's superintendency, 442; opened to the line, 442; the case of Whittaker, 445, 446; visit of Gen. Terry to, 446; S. relieved from duty at, 447, 451; Howard appointed superintendent, 447; supposed