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New York,

One of the original thirteen States of the United States, is separated from Canada on the north by the eastern portion of Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and the river St. Lawrence; on the east lie Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; on the south, the Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; on the west [454] New Jersey, Pennsylvania, lakes Erie and Ontario, and the rivers Niagara and St. Lawrence. Its greatest length, north and south, is 312 miles, including Staten Island, while east and west it is 412 miles, including Long Island. It contains 49,170 square miles, in sixty counties. Population 1890, 5,997,853; 1900, 7,268,012. It is the “Empire State” of the Union in wealth and population. Capital, Albany.

Giovanni da Verrazano, a Florentine, under commission of Francis I. of France, with a single caravel, the Dauphin, enters the bay of New York......April, 1524

Half Moon, eighty tons, leaves Amsterdam; Henry Hudson, an Englishman, commander......April 4, 1609

Samuel de Champlain, coming from the north with a war-party of Hurons, discovers Lake Champlain......July, 1609

Defeats the Iroquois near Ticonderoga; hence dates the enmity between the French and Iroquois; fire-arms first seen by the Indians......July 30, 1609

Half Moon enters New York Bay......Sept. 11, 1609

Anchors just below Albany......Sept. 19, 1609

Despatches a boat to sound the river farther up......Sept. 22, 1609

Sails out of the Narrows......Oct. 4, 1609

Hendrick Christiaensen and Adriaen Block sail Amsterdam vessels, the Fortune and the Tiger, to Manhattan Island......1611

Tiger accidentally burned at Manhattan......1613

Christiaensen builds “Fort Nassau,” a trading-house, 36×26 feet, in a stockade 58 feet square, with a moat 18 feet wide, on Castle Island (below Albany)......1614

Block builds the Onrust (Restless), of 18 tons, at Manhattan; launched near the Battery......spring of 1614

In the Onrust he passes Hell Gate and coasts along as far as Nahant Bay......1614

States-General of Holland name the country about Manhattan “New Netherland,” and grant its trade by charter to Amsterdam merchants......October, 1614

Christiaensen killed by Indians......1615

Champlain, with ten Frenchmen, joins a party of Hurons and allies moving against the Iroquois......Sept. 1, 1615

Lands from Lake Ontario near Henderson, Jefferson county......October, 1615

They attack the Iroquois castle at Onondaga Lake, near Liverpool, Onondaga county, and are repulsed Oct. 10-16, 1615

A trading-post fortified at the mouth of the Tawasentha (Normans Kill) Creek, near Albany, by Jacob Eelkins; first formal treaty between the Indians and the Dutch......1615

New Netherland charter expires; not renewed by the States-General......Jan. 1, 1618

Fort Orange built (South Market Street, Albany)......1623

New Netherland a province under the Amsterdam chamber......1623

New Amsterdam settled......1623

New Netherland brings from the Texel thirty families, chiefly Walloons (French Protestant refugees)......March, 1623

Reaching the Hudson, some eight families settle near Fort Orange; the rest on Long Island at the Wallabout, Brooklyn......May–June, 1623

Cornelius Jacobsen May, first director or governor of New Netherland......1624

Sarah Rapelje the first known white child born in New Netherland......June 7, 1625

Peter Evertsen Hulft fits three vessels, each of some 250 tons, for New Amsterdam; lands at Nutten (Governor's) Island......July, 1625

William Verhulst succeeds May as director......1625

Peter Minuit, director, leaves Amsterdam in Sea-Mew......Jan. 9, 1626

Arrives at Manhattan......May 4, 1626

Manhattan Island, “rocky and full of trees,” ceded by Indians to the Dutch West India Company for sixty guilders ($23)......1626

A block-house built surrounded by a palisade of cedar posts, at the extreme southern end of the island and called Fort Amsterdam......1626

Six farms, or “boweries,” laid out on the island, and specimens of the harvest sent to Holland to show the fertility of the soil......1626

Dutch in friendly relations with the Plymouth colony of New England......1627

Dutch inform Plymouth of the “Fresh” River (Connecticut)......1627

Population of Manhattan estimated at 270......1628

Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, a merchant of Amsterdam, purchases land of the Indians [455] around Fort Orange through his agent, becoming patroon of the manor of Rensselaerwyck......1630

Michael Pauw purchases of the Indians the site of Jersey City (Pavonia) and Staten Island......1630

New Netherland (800 tons) built at Manhattan......1631

Mohawks receive fire-arms from the Dutch......1631

Peter Minuit, director, recalled......March, 1632

Ship Eendragt, from Manhattan, attacked in Plymouth Harbor, England, on a charge of illegally trading......April 3, 1632

British ministry claim New Netherland as English territory......1632

Eendragt released......May 27, 1632

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