Chronology of Ancient Greek Tragedy

The table gives some key dates relevant to the development of tragedy in Greece. All dates are BC until marked AD. Memorize the historical dates given in green.

1200 Trojan War (approximate traditional date)
776 Founding of the Olympic Games (traditional date), basis of the common calendar of the Greeks
753 Founding of the city of Rome (traditional date)
566 Re-organization of the Panathenaic festival
536 Tragic competition begins at the City Dionysia
525 Birth of Aeschylus (approximate)
514 Harmodius and Aristogeiton kill tyrant Hippias in Athens, leading to democracy
495 Birth of Sophocles
490 Battle of Marathon: Persia attacks Greece and is repulsed
486 Comic competition introduced into City Dionysia.
484 Birth of Euripides; Aeschylus wins his first victory.
480 Battles of Salamis and Thermopylae: Persia tries again, with no better results
472 Aeschylus' Persians
468 Sophocles wins his first victory, with his first production (including Triptolemus, which does not survive).
467 Aeschylus' Seven Against Thebes, first prize
463 Aeschylus' Suppliant Women, approximate date
458 Aeschylus' Oresteia (Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides)
457 Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, approximate date, assuming the play is actually by Aeschylus (it could also be somewhat later)
456 Death of Aeschylus (approximate)
455 Euripides competes for the first time, and finishes third
450 Sophocles' Ajax, approximate date; this play might be as much as 10 years later
442 Sophocles' Antigone, approximate date
438 Euripides' Alcestis, second prize
431 Beginning of Peloponnesian War, Athens vs. Sparta. Production of Euripides' Medea, third prize
430 Euripides' Children of Heracles, approximate date. Sophocles' Women of Trachis, approximate date
428 Euripides' Hippolytus, first prize
425 Euripides' Andromache, approximate date; outside Athens.
424 Euripides' Hecuba
423 Euripides' Suppliant Women
421 Sophocles' Oedipus the King, approximate date
420 Euripides' Electra and Sophocles' Electra, approximate dates; which of these plays is earlier is unknown
416 Euripides' Heracles
415 Euripides' Trojan Women, second prize
414 Euripides' Iphigeneia among the Taurians
413 Euripides' Ion
412 Euripides' Helen
410 Euripides' Phoenician Women; Cyclops may have been the satyr play
409 Sophocles' Philoctetes
408 Euripides' Orestes
405 Deaths of Euripides and Sophocles, in that order, a few months apart. Posthumous production of Euripides' Bacchae and Iphigeneia in Aulis, first prize
404 Fall of Athens, end of Peloponnesian War.
403 Restoration of Athenian democracy
401 Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus, produced posthumously
399 Trial and execution of Socrates
323 Death of Alexander the Great; start of Hellenistic period of Greek history
AD 393 Emperor Theodosius ends the Olympic games
475-476 Romulus Augustulus last emperor in the West; start of Byzantine period of Greek history
1300 Approximate date for beginning of Italian humanism and the Renaissance
1453 Turks conquer Constantinople; final end of Roman empire



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