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Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, Chapter 6: (search)
an party after the elections of the year 1857, was the dissension among the Democrats, occasioned by the introduction of the doctrine called by its inventors and advocates popular sovereignty, or nonin-tervention, but more generally and more accurately known as squatter sovereignty. Its character has already been concisely stated in the preceding chapter. Its origin is generally attributed to General Cass, who is supposed to have suggested it in some general expressions of his celebrated Nicholson letter, written in December, 1847. On May 16 and 17, 1860, it became necessary for me, in a debate in the Senate, to review that letter of Cass. From my remarks then made, the following extract is taken: The Senator [Douglas] might have remembered, if he had chosen to recollect so unimportant a thing, that I once had to explain to him, ten years ago, the fact that I repudiated the doctrine of that letter at the time it was published, and that the Democracy of Mississippi had well-nig
Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, Index (search)
in territories, 457-64. Reflection to Senate, 16, 22. Nomination for governor, 17; defeat, 18. Letter to Brown of Indiana, 18-19. Member of Pierce's cabinet, 20-22. Extracts from speech on master and servant, 26-27. Extract from speech on Nicholson letter, 32-33. Resolutions submitted in Senate, 36-38. Speech in reply to Douglas, 38-40. Opinions on secession, 50, 51-52. Remarks in Senate showing position in Dec. 1860, 53-58. Member of Powell committee, 58-59. Adherence to state righ New York Herald. Remarks on right of secession, 219. Remarks on Confederate Constitution, 227. New York historical society. Address of John Quincy Adams, 162-63. New York Tribune, 48. Remarks on right of secession, 218-19. Nicholson letter, 32-33. Non-intervention (See Squatter sovereignty). North, Lord, 428. The, 27-28. Societies formed, 26. Territory acquired by Missouri compro-mise, 28. Abolition propaganda, 29. Government favors, 42. North Carolina.
Raphael Semmes, Memoirs of Service Afloat During the War Between the States, Chapter 30: (search)
pted in Europe, under the American flag. Captain Wickes was directed to proceed to sea, with his own vessel and the Lexington, and to go directly off Ireland, in order to intercept a convoy of linen ships, that was expected to sail about that time. A cutter of ten guns called the Dolphin, that had been detained by the Commissioners, to carry despatches to America, was diverted from her original destination, and placed under the orders of Captain Wickes. The Dolphin was commanded by Lieutenant Nicholson, a brother of the senior captain, and a gentleman who subsequently died at the head of the service. Captain Wickes, in command of this light squadron, sailed from Nantes, about the commencement of June, going first into the Bay of Biscay, and afterward entirely around Ireland, sweeping the sea before him, of everything that was not of a force to render an attack hopeless. The linen ships were missed, but many vessels were taken or destroyed. The sensation produced among the Briti
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
that of a quantity of water of precisely the same volume with itself, that is, equal to that of the water displaced. Additional weights are now to be laid on d until the level m is again reached. This amount, which we will call p′, expresses the weight of an equal volume of water. We have thus ascertained the weight of precisely equal volumes of water and of the mineral, and as water is the standard taken, p/p′ will express the ratio of the two, or the specific gravity of the body. Nicholson's areometer. Thus, x : 1 : : p : p′, and x = p/p′. The areometer of Pappus, the Greek philosopher contemporary with Theodosius the Great, A. D. 379 – 395, is described by Al-Khazini the Saracen, an eminent writer of the twelfth century, the author of the Book of the balance of wisdom, and suspected to be identical with the great Al-Hazen, whose celebrity is associated with the Cordovan period of Spanish history. It was a graduated brass tube which floated vertically in liquid an
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
ogether so as to have but one pair of handles and be operated by one man, is mentioned by Walter Blythe, who wrote during the protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. See gang-plow. English double-plow. Doub′ler. 1. (Electricity.) An instrument to increase the least conceivable quantity of electricity by continually doubling it, until it becomes perceptible upon a common electrometer or is made visible in sparks. It was first invented by Bennet, improved by Darwin, and afterwards by Nicholson. See Journal of the telegraph, Vol. VI., No. 1, December 2, 1872. 2. (Distilling.) A part of the still apparatus, or an appendage to a still in which the low wines, one of the products of the first distillation, are re-distilled. The operation is a turning back and repeating, and is known as doublig. A part of the still is arranged to condense and then intercept and return the less volatile vapors, while those of greater tenuity pass on. 3. (Fiber.) A machine in which slive
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
The mass dislodged weighed 400,000 tons. See blasting. E-lec′tro-chem′i-cal Tel′e-graph. A telegraph which records signals upon paper imbued with a chemical solution, which is discharged or caused to change color by electric action. Nicholson and Carlisle discovered, in 1800, that water was decomposed by the voltaic pile, hydrogen being evolved at the negative and oxygen at the positive end of the wire. Davy, afterwards Sir Humphry Davy, by the aid of the apparatus of the Royal Insgen of the air, but an evolution of hydrogen somewhat marred the accuracy of the result. De Marte used as an oxygen absorbent a solution of sulphuret of potassium. Guyton used the same material, and added heat to expedite the result. See Nicholson's journal, 4to, Vol. I. Seguin used a glass tube filled with and inverted in mercury. A piece of phosphorus, being introduced, floated to the top of the mercury, and was melted by the approach of a hot iron. Air is then introduced in inst<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
er (which see), in which, by throwing a body of sulphuric acid on to an alkali, a body of carbonic acid is generated and ejected into the flame, usually in combination with a spray of water which is ejected from its reservoir by the pressure of the gas, or by the play of the pump-brakes. In connection with this subject it may be stated that the rate of insurance by land and sea among the Hindoos was left to the custom of the trade, according to the risk.—Institutes of Menu A. D. 880. Nicholson states that fire-insurance offices were first introduced under the reign of the Emperor Claudius. The Hand in hand Fire Insurance Company was the first established in London, 1696. The Sun Fire Insurance Company was established in 1700. Marine insurance had long been common in Venice. The Amicable Life Insurance Company of London was chartered in 1706. Fire-insurance offices established in Paris, 1745. American steam fire-engine. Fire-es-cape′. Fire-escapes are divided int
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
materials, — white and black marble, polished and plain, sandstone of various colors, white and red clay, vitrified and unvitrified, porcelain, cryolite porcelain, beton-coignet, and all sorts of composite stone; painted iron, malleable iron, compositions of tin and spelter, copper and spelter, brass, bronze, and wood. One stone from Philadelphia has letters cut by a sand-blast system in seven minutes. Grav-im′e-ter. An instrument for determining the specific gravities of bodies. Nicholson's instrument consists of a hollow ball of brass or copper, having a stem rising from its top which supports a cup or dish. Another dish is suspended from the lower part of the ball by means of a stirrup; this dish is made heavy enough to keep the instrument vertical when placed in a liquid; and the weight of the instrument is such that 1,000 grains placed in the upper dish sinks it in distilled water, so that a mark about the middle of the stem is on a level with the surface of the liquid
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
y dry and seasoned, and fit for use. Large timbers will require a proportionate time, according to their thickness. Some processes of similar import may be shortly stated. In Bethel's process, creosote is employed and forced under heavy pressure into the pores of the wood. (1838.) Robbins expels moisture by heat and then saturates with coal-tar, resin, or bituminous oils, at 325° Fah. (1865). Blythe treats with steam combined with hydrocarbon vapor. Burnett employs chloride of zinc in solution, under pressure. (1838.) Boucherie used pyrolignite of iron. (1840.) Payne, sulphate of iron. (1842.) Margary, acetate or sulphate of copper. (1837.) Van der Weyde, solution of silicate of potash. Heinemann: boil wood in alkaline solution, and treat, under pressure and heat, with resin, carbolic acid, and tar. Nicholson, tar and petroleum. Behr, solution of borax. Earl, protosulphate of iron. Payen, superficial carbonization. See wood, preservation of.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
763; Quebec, Canada, 1764. The first press west of the Alleghany range was in Cincinnati, 1793. The first press west of the Mississippi, in St. Louis, 1808. Stereotyping was invented by William Ged of Edinburgh, in 1725; inking-rollers, by Nicholson; composition inking-rollers, by Donkin and Bacon of London, in 1813. The Roman alphabet is used for the body of printed matter in English books and newspapers, though hundreds of types differing from the Roman are used for special purposes, d to the bed, so as to turn down over the form. Tympan-drawer; a frame just fitting the tympan. The presscloth comes between the tympan and drawer. Wedge; a double inclined plane above the platen to regulate impression. Power-presses. Nicholson obtained a patent in England, 1790, for a cylinder printing-machine which is believed to be the first on record. It was not brought into effective use, but some of the ideas were quite original, and were adopted by subsequent inventors. The m
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