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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 5: (search)
ead Documents, VIII. 752. His attachment to the English increased to a passion on the alliance of America with the French, for whom he cherished implacable hate. Through his interest, and by the blandishments of gifts and pay and chances of revenge, Colonel John Butler lured the Seneca warriors to cross the border of Pennsylvania under the British flag. The party of savages and rangers, numbering between five hundred and seven hundred men, fell down the Tioga river, and on the last day of June hid in 30. the forests above Wyoming. The next day the two July 1. northernmost forts capitulated. The men of Wyoming, old and young, with one regular company, in all hardly more than three hundred, took counsel with one another, and found no hope of deliverance for their families but through a victorious encounter with a foe of twice their number, and more skilful in the woods than themselves. On the third of July, the 3. devoted band, led by Colonel Zebulon Butler, who had just return
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 7: (search)
ause no taxes have been imposed to carry on the war; but they did not as yet venture to ask power to levy taxes. On obtaining the king of France for their ally, they authorized drafts on their commissioners in Paris for thirty-one and a half millions of livres, at five livres to the dollar, in payment of loanoffice certificates, leaving Franklin and his colleagues to meet the bills of exchange as they could. Of continental bills, five millions of dollars were issued in May, as many more in June, and as many more in Chap. VII.} 1778. July. In August congress devoted two days in the week to the consideration of its finances, but with no better result than to order five millions of dollars in paper in the first week of September, and ten millions more in the last. Certificates of the loan offices were also used in great amounts in payment of debts to the separate states, especially to Pennsylvania. The legalized use of paper money spread its neverfailing blight. Trade became a g
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 10: (search)
enecas on the left extended to Genesee; on the right, detachments reached Cayuga lake. After destroying eighteen villages and their fields of corn, Sullivan, whose army had suffered for want of supplies, returned to New. Jersey. Meantime, a small party from Fort Pitt, under command of Colonel Brodhead, broke up the towns of the Senecas upon the upper branch of the Alleghany. The manifest inability of Great Britain to protect the Six Nations inclined them at last to desire neutrality. In June the British general Maclean, who com- June. manded in Nova Scotia, established a British post of six hundred men at what is now Castine, on Penobscot bay. To dislodge the intruders, the Massachusetts legislature sent forth nineteen armed ships, Chap. X.} 1779. June. sloops, and brigs; two of them continental vessels, the rest privateers or belonging to the state. The flotilla carried more than three hundred guns, and was attended by twenty-four transports, having on board nearly a thous
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 11: (search)
ships to help in crossing the channel. Florida Blanca, who dared not dispute his unreasoning impatience, insisted on an immediate descent on England without regard to risk. Vergennes, on the other hand, held the landing of a French army in England to be rash, until a naval Chap. XI.} 1779. victory over the British should have won the dominion of the water. The fitting out of the expedition had been intrusted to Sartine, the marine minister, and to d'orvilliers, its commander. Early in June the French fleet of thirty-one ships of the line yielded to Spanish importunities; and, before they could be ready with men or provisions, put to sea from Brest; and yet they were obliged to wait off the coast of Spain for the Spaniards. After a great loss of time in the best season of the year, a junction was effected with more than twenty ships of war under the separate command of Count Gaston; and the combined fleet sailed for the British channel. Never before had so large a force been s
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 12: (search)
burgomasters of Amsterdam met him at Aixla-Chapelle, and concerted terms for a commercial convention, proper in due time to be entered into between the two republics. When Lee communicated to the commissioners at Paris this project of a convention, they reminded him that the authority for treating with their High Mightinesses belonged exclusively to themselves, and they looked upon his act as a nullity. The American congress likewise took no notice of his intermeddling, and in the following June dismissed him from its service. Amsterdam disclaimed the absurd design of concluding a convention independent of their High Mightinesses. The burgomasters only promised their influence in favor of a treaty of amity between the two powers, when the independence of the United States of America should be recognised by the English. Declaration of van Berckel, 23 Sept., 1778, in Dip. Cor., i. 457. To get rid of everything of which England could Sept. complain, the offer made in April by
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 13: (search)
a land force of nine thousand men, came Chap. XIII.} 1779. in sight of the island of St. Lucia just as its last French flag had been struck to a corps of fifteen hundred British troops. A landing for its recovery was repulsed, with a loss to d'estaing of nearly fifteen hundred men. Early in January, 1779, re-enforcements under Admiral Byron transferred maritime superiority to the British; and d'estaing for six months sheltered his fleet within the bay of Port Royal. At the end June. of June, Byron having left St. Lucia to convoy a company of British merchant ships through the passages, d'estaing detached a force against St. Vincent, which, with the aid of the oppressed and enslaved Caribs, its native inhabitants, was easily taken. This is the only instance in the war where insurgent slaves acted efficiently. At the same time, the French admiral made an attack on the island of Grenada, whose garrison on the fourth of July surrendered at discre- July 4. tion. Two days later, t
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 14: (search)
e in the heart of a people of courage and honor, to drive every man of Carolina into active service in the British army, and to force the dwellers in the land of the sun, which ripened passions as fierce as the clime, to become the instruments of their own subjection. On the twenty-second of May, confiscation of prop- 22. erty and other punishments were denounced against all who should thereafter oppose the king in arms, or hinder any one from joining his forces. On the first June 1. of June, a proclamation by the commissioners, Clinton and Arbuthnot, offered pardon to the penitent, on their immediate return to allegiance; to the loyal, Chap. XIV.} 1780. June 1. the promise of their former political immunities, ineluding freedom from taxation except by their own legislature. This policy of moderation might have familiarized the Carolinians once more to the British government; but the proclamation was not communicated to Cornwallis; so that when, three weeks later, two leading
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 15: (search)
letter is unquestioned. The chain of posts for holding South Carolina consisted of Georgetown, Charleston, Beaufort, and Savannah on the sea; Augusta, Ninety-Six, and Camden in the interior. Of these Camden was the most im- Chap. XV.} 1780. July. portant, for it was the key between the north and south; by a smaller post at Rocky Mount, it kept up a communication with Ninety-Six. In the opinion of Clinton, six thousand men were required to hold Carolina and Georgia; yet at the end of June Cornwallis reported that he had put an end to all resistance in those states, and in September, after the harvest, would march into North Carolina to reduce that province. But the violence of his measures roused the courage of despair. On hearing of the acts of the British, Houston, the delegate in congress from Georgia, wrote to Jay: Our misfortunes are, under God, the source of our safety. Our captive soldiers will, as usual, be poisoned, starved, and insulted,—will be scourged into the
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 17: (search)
endent, the veto of the British Chap. XVII.} 1780. king would have prevented their abolition of slavery, as it had prevented every measure for abolishing or restricting the slave-trade. In an able address to their constituents, the delegates explained the grounds on which their decisions rested, and called on them in their several towns and plantations to judge whether they had raised their superstructure upon the principles of a free common-wealth. Reassembling on the first Wednesday in June, they found that the male inhabitants of twenty-one years and upwards had ratified the new constitution, and they chose the last Wednesday in October for the day on which it should take effect. At the coming in of the twenty-fifth of October, 1780, Massachusetts became in truth a free common-wealth. Its people shook slavery from its garments as something that had never belonged to it. The colored inhabitants, about six thousand in number, or one in seventy of the population, equally becam
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 18: (search)
he American army, whose pay was in arrear and whom congress could not provide with food, was too feeble to hazard an attack. In May the continental troops between the Chesapeake and Canada amounted only to seven thousand men; in the first week of June, those under the command of Washington, present and fit for duty, numbered but three thousand seven hundred and sixty. On the twenty-eighth of May, the official report May 28. of the surrender of Charleston was received. Journal desjenigen:an seas, and he reported to the admiralty as the reason, that his flag had not been properly supported by some of his officers. With indifference to neutral rights, he sent frigates to seize or destroy all American vessels in St. Eustatius. In June, he received a check by a Junc- June. tion of the Spanish squadron under Solano with the Chap. XVIII.} 1780. French. But the two admirals could not agree how their forces should be employed. Contagious fever attacked the Spaniards, and reache
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