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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Alien and Sedition laws, (search)
nwealth, and in 1798, when war with France seemed inevitable, Congress passed acts for the security of the government against internal foes. By an act (June 18, 1798), the naturalization laws were made more stringent, and alien enemies could not become citizens at all. By a second act (June 25), which was limited to two years, the President was authorized to order out of the country all aliens whom he might judge to be dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States. By a third act (July 6), in case of war declared against the United States, or an actual invasion, all resident aliens, natives or citizens of the hostile nation, might, upon proclamation of the President, issued according to his discretion, be apprehended and secured or removed. These were known as Alien Laws. The President never had occasion to put then in force, but several prominent Frenchmen, who felt that the laws were aimed at them, speedily left the United States. Among these was M. Volney. who, in the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Celoron de Bienville (search)
uctions to go down the Ohio River and take formal possession of the surrounding country in the name of the King of France. Contrecoeur, afterwards in command at Fort Duquesne, and Coulon de Villiers accompanied him as chief lieutenants. Celoron was provided with a number of leaden tablets, properly inscribed, to bury at different places as a record of pre-occupation by the French. The expedition left Lachine on June 15, ascended the St. Lawrence, crossed Lake Ontario, arrived at Niagara July 6, coasted some distance along the southern shores of Lake Erie, and then made an overland journey to the head-waters of the Alleghany River. Following that stream to its junction with the Monongahela, they went down the Ohio to the mouth of the Great Miami, below Cincinnati, proclaiming French sovereignty, and burying six leaden tablets at as many different places. From the mouth of the Miami they made an overland journey to Lake Erie, and reached Fort Niagara Oct. 19, 1749. The place and
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cornwallis, Lord Charles 1738-1805 (search)
s to New York, then menaced by the allied (Americans and French) armies. Clinton also directed the earl to take a defensive position in Virginia. Satisfied that after he should send away so large a part of his army he could not cope with Lafayette and his associates, Cornwallis determined to cross the James River and make his way to Portsmouth. This movement was hastened by the boldness of the American troops, who were pressing close upon him, showing much strength and great activity. On July 6 a detachment sent out by Wayne to capture a British field-piece boldly resisted a large portion of Cornwallis's army, as the former fell back to Lafayette's main army near the Green Spring Plantation, where a sharp skirmish occurred, in which the marquis had a horse shot under him and each party lost about 100 men. Cornwallis then hastened across the James (July 9) and marched to Portsmouth. Disliking that situation, the earl proceeded to Yorktown, on the York River, and on a high and hea
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fremont, John Charles 1813-1890 (search)
ntenced him to be dismissed from the service, but recommended him to the clemency of the President. The penalty was remitted, and in October, 1848, Fremont entered upon his fourth exploration among the far western mountains. See Kearny, Stephen Watts; Stockton, Robert field. Fremont was in Europe when the Civil War broke out, and, leaving on receiving notice of his appointment to the army, he returned home, bringing with him arms for the government. He arrived in Boston on June 27, and July 6 he was appointed to the command of the Western Department, just created. He arrived at St. Louis July 26, where he made his headquarters. He found disorder everywhere. The terms of enlistment of home guards, or three-months' men, were expiring, and they were unwilling to reenlist. He had very little money or arms at his disposal, and was unable to send aid to General Lyon, in the southwestern portion of the State, battling with the Confederates. He resolved to assume grave responsibilit
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Holidays, legal. (search)
ber, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25, general election. Iowa. Jan. 1, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25, general election. Kansas. Jan. 1, Arbor Day, May 30, public fast, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25, general election. Kentucky. Jan. 1, Feb. 22, May 30, July 4, public fast, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25, general election. Louisiana. Jan. 1 and 8, Feb. 22, Mardi-Gras in New Orleans, Good-Friday, April 6, July 4, All Saints' Day, Dec. 25, general election. Maine. Jan. 1, Feb. 22, May 30, public fast, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25. Maryland. Jan. 1, Feb. 22, Good-Friday, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25, general election, every Saturday afternoon. Massachusetts. Feb. 22, April 19, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, Dec. 25. Michigan. Jan. 1, Feb. 22, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, f
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Kentucky resolutions, the (search)
Kentucky resolutions, the The Federal party in the United States determined to crush out by the arm of law the anti-Federalists who were bitterly attacking the administration. In 1798 they succeeded in passing the Naturalization act of June 18, the Alien acts of June 25 and July 6, and the Sedition act of July 14. Virginia, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky petitioned Congress to repeal these laws. Of these, Kentucky felt the most aggrieved, and on Nov. 8, 1798, John Breckinridge introduced the Kentucky resolutions, which were substantially drafted by Jefferson. These were adopted by the Lower House on Nov. 10, by the Upper House on Nov. 13, and approved by the governor on Nov. 16. Copies were immediately printed and sent to the officials of all the other States and to Congress. The following is the text of these resolutions: I. Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New York City (search)
y the bold movements of Plan of the Northern part of the City of New York in 1775. the more radical Sons of Liberty, appointed a grand committee of fifty-one, as true representatives of public sentiment. sign They repudiated a message sent to Boston (May 14, 1774) by the Sons of Liberty, recommending the revival of nonimportation measures, but they heartily approved of a general congress. The radical Liberty boys were offended, and their vigilance committee called a meeting of citizens (July 6) in the Fields. It was the largest gathering ever before seen in New York. The meeting was addressed by Alexander Hamilton, then a student in King`s College (now Columbia University). It was his first speech, and a most remarkable one; and it stirred the people with so much indignation that the alarmed committee referred the nomination of deputies to the Continental Congress to their radical brothers called the Tribunes. At the same time they offended some of their own more zealous member
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Revolutionary War, (search)
e close of May, 1781, that the Count de Grasse might be expected on the coast of the United States with a powerful French fleet in July or August. This news caused the French forces, which had lain idle at Newport many months, to move immediately for the Hudson River, to form a junction with the Continental army there under Washington. A part of them moved on June 10, and the remainder immediately afterwards. They formed a junction with the American army, near Dobb's Ferry, on the Hudson, July 6. The Americans were encamped on Valentine's Hill, in two lines, with the right wing resting on the Hudson River near the ferry. The French army was stationed on the hills at the left, in a single line, reaching from the Hudson to the Bronx River. There was a valley of considerable extent between the two armies. The American army had been encamped at Peekskill, and marched down to Valentine's Hill on the morning of July 2. In August, 1781, a French frigate, from the fleet of De Grasse
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Riedesel, Baron Frederick Adolph 1738-1800 (search)
y as ensign, and served in the Seven Years War under Prince Ferdinand. In 1760 he became captain of the Hessian Hussars, and was made lieutenant-colonel of the Black Hussars in 1762, adjutant-general of the Brunswick army in 1767, colonel of carabineers in 1772, and a major-general, with the command of a division of 4,000 Brunswickers, hired by the British Court to fight British subject in America early in 1776. Riedesel arrived at Quebec June 1, 1776; aided in the capture of Ticonderoga (July 6), and in dispersing the American troops at Hubbardton, and was made a prisoner with Burgoyne; was exchanged in the fall of 1780; returned home in August, 1783, and was made lieutenant-general in command of troops serving in Holland in 1787. He became commander-in-chief of the military of Brunswick. He died in Brunswick, Jan. 6, 1800. His Memoirs, letters, and journals in America, edited by Max Von Eelking, were translated by William L. Stone. His wife, Fredericka Charlotte Louisa, accomp
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Spain, War with (search)
t Las Guasimas. Capron and Fish were killed. June 26. Admiral Camara's fleet reached Port Said. June 28. General Merritt departed for Manila. July 1, 2. The Spanish earthworks at El Caney and San Juan, Santiago, were carried by assault, with heavy loss, in which the Rough Riders and the 71st New York participated. July 3. Admiral Cervera's fleet, attempting to escape from Santiago, was destroyed by the American war-vessels. July 3. The surrender of Santiago was demanded. July 6. Hobson and his comrades were exchanged. July 8. Admiral Dewey's vessels took possession of Isla Grande in Subig Bay, near Manila, and the German gunboat Irene, which had been interfering, withdrew. July 8. Admiral Camara started to return through the Suez Canal to Spain. He reached Cadiz July 29. July 10. Bombardment of Santiago was resumed. July 11. General Miles arrived at American headquarters in Cuba. July 13. Admiral Cervera and captured Spanish prisoners arrived at P
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