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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bimetallism, (search)
the Indian mints were reopened for the coinage of silver, if the Bank of England would turn into silver a part of its metallie reserve, and if the various European countries would absorb a sufficient amount of silver. The agitation of the silver question in the United States largely influenced the Presidential campaign of 1896. It became evident in the first half of the year that the free-silver doctrine had won a large part of the Democratic party, which adopted at the Chicago Convention (July 7) a platform, the most important plank in which contained a declaration for the immediate restoration of the free and unlimited coinage of gold and silver at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1, without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation, and that the standard silver dollar shall be full legal tender equally with gold for all debts, public or private. The Democratic party nominated William Jennings Bryan (q. v.) for President, and he was defeated by William McKinley, the Repub
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hoover's Gap, battle at. (search)
Hoover's Gap, battle at. The 14th Army Corps under General Thomas, the 20th Corps under General McCook, and the 21st Corps under General Crittenden, of the National Army of the Cumberland, attacked the Confederate Army of the Tennessee at Hoover's Gap, Tenn., June 24, 1863. Thomas succeeded in driving the Confederates from Hoover's Gap, and McCook secured possession of Liberty Gap. General Bragg, not feeling strong enough to meet Rosecrans in battle, retreated across the Tennessee River to Chattanooga. The campaign, in which this engagement was one of several, lasted from June 23 to July 7; resulted in putting the Army of the Cumberland in control of the country from Murfreesboro to Bridgeport; and is known officially as the Tullahoma campaign. See Bragg, Braxton; Rosecrans, William Starke.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lawton, Henry Ware 1843- (search)
; and lieutenant-colonel in the same department, Feb. 12, 1889. He greatly distinguished himself in several of the severest Indian campaigns in the history of the army, crowning his many signal achievements with the capture of Geronimo and his band of hostile Apaches in 1886. After the declaration of war against Spain in 1898, he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers, May 4, and major-general, July 8 following; and in the regular army was promoted colonel and inspector-general, July 7 of that year. In the early part of the campaign against Santiago he had charge of the forward movement of the American troops, and further distinguished himself by the capture of El Caney (q. v.) after a notable engagement with the Spaniards, for which he was given the two stars. On Jan. 19, 1899, he Henry Ware Lawton. was sent to the Philippines, and soon after his arrival at Manila he began active operations against the Filipino insurgents, and met with remarkable success by adopting t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), McKinley, William 1843- (search)
aramount. When the committee on resolutions reported in favor of maintaining the gold standard of currency until international bimetallism could be secured, Senator Teller, a delegate from Colorado, led a bolt of the Silver delegates, and twenty-two of them, representing five Western States, left the convention. After their withdrawal William McKinley, of Ohio, and Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey, were selected to head the national ticket. The Democratic convention was held in Chicago, July 7-11. In spite of the protests of Eastern Democrats, a platform was adopted declaring for the free and unlimited coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1. William J. Bryan (q. v.), of Nebraska, who made a thrilling address to the delegates, closing with the words: We shall answer to their demand for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold, was selected as candidate for Presiden
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morgan, John Hunt 1826- (search)
valry at Columbia (July 3), fought them three hours. partly sacked the town, and proceeded to destroy a bridge over the Green River, when he was driven away, after a desperate fight of several hours, by 200 Michigan troops under Colonel Moore, well intrenched. Morgan lost 250 killed and wounded; Moore lost twenty-nine. He rushed into Lebanon, captured a small Union force there, set fire to the place, and lost his brother—killed in the fight. He reached the Ohio, 40 miles below Louisville, July 7. His ranks were swelled as he went plundering through Kentucky, and he crossed the Ohio with 4,000 men and ten guns. He captured two steamers, with which he crossed. He was closely pursued by some troops under General Hobson, and others went up the Ohio in steamboats to intercept him. He plundered Corydon, Ind., murdered citizens, and stole 300 horses. On he went, robbing mill and factory owners by demanding $1,000 as a condition for the safety of their property. In like manner he wen
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Niagara, Fort (search)
rched the remainder back to Albany, where he arrived Oct. 24. In 1759, accompanied by Sir William Johnson as his second in command, Gen. John Prideaux collected his forces (chiefly provincial) at Oswego, for an attack on Fort Niagara. The influence of Sir William made the Six Nations disregard their late treaty of neutrality with the French, and a considerable number joined Prideaux's forces. Sailing from Oswego, the troops reached their destination, and landed, without opposition, on July 7, and immediately began a siege. On the 19th Prideaux was killed by the bursting of a cannon, and the command devolved on Johnson. The garrison, expecting reinforcements from the southern and western French forts, held out for three weeks, when the expected succor appeared (July 24）—1,200 French regulars and an equal number of Indians. Prepared for their reception, Johnson totally routed this relieving force. A large portion of them were made prisoners, and the next day (July 25) the fort
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Ontario, Lake, operations on (search)
of a fast-sailing schooner was laid by Eckford at Sackett's Harbor, and named the Sylph, and a small vessel was kept constantly cruising, as a scout, off Kingston, to observe the movements of the British squadron there. This little vessel (Lady of the Lake) captured the British schooner Lady Murray (June 16), laden with provisions shot, and fixed ammunition, and took her into the harbor. Sir James L. Yeo was in command of the British squadron on the lake. He made a cruise westward, and on July 7 appeared with his squadron off Niagara. Chauncey and Scott had just returned from the expedition to York. Chauncey immediately went out and tried to get the weather-gage of Sir James. He had thirteen vessels, but only three of them had been originally built for war purposes. His squadron consisted of the Pike, Madison, Oneida, Hamilton, Scourge, Ontario, Fair American, Governor Tompkins, Conquest, Growler, Julia, Asp, and Pert. The British squadron now consisted of two ships, two brigs,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Port Hudson, capture of (search)
ionals were repulsed at all points, losing about 700 men. Again the siege went on as usual. The fortitude of the half-starved garrison, daily enduring the affliction of missiles from the land and water, was wonderful. Gun after gun on the Confederate works was disabled, until only fifteen remained on the land side; and only twenty rounds of ammunition for small-arms were left. Famine was about to do what the National arms could not effect—compel a surrender—when the garrison was startled (July 7) by the thunder of cannon along the whole line of their assailants, and shouts from the pickets, Vicksburg is taken! That night Gardner sent a note to Banks, asking if the report were true, and if so, requesting a cessation of hostilities. The surrender of the post and all its men and property was completed on July 9, when 6,408 men, including 455 officers, were made prisoners of war. The little hamlet of Port Hudson was in ruins. The loss of Banks during the siege of forty-five days was
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sound-money Democrats. (search)
Sound-money Democrats. One of the branches into which the regular Democratic party split in 1896. In the National Democratic Convention in Chicago, July 7-11, the delegates from the New England and Middle States were almost solidly opposed to the free-silver movement, and became known as gold Democrats or soundmoney Democrats. Under the leadership of ex-Governor David B. Hill, of New York, the sound-money delegates undertook to have the following declaration incorporated in the party platform, but the resolution to that end was rejected by a vote of 626 against 303: We declare our belief that the experiment on the part of the United States alone of free-silver coinage, and a change in the existing standard of value independently of the action of other great nations, would not only imperil our finances, but would retard or entirely prevent the establishment of international bimetallism, to which the efforts of the government should be steadily directed. It would place thi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Spain, War with (search)
ly considered, and it was then decided that the garrison at Santiago must be destroyed or captured; and it was also decided that I should proceed immediately to Santiago and take such measures as would accomplish that object. It was my purpose to land the troops that were then en route to Santiago on the west side of the harbor, within 2 1/2 miles of Morro Castle, and I left with the assurance that I would have all necessary assistance from Admiral Sampson's fleet. I left Washington on July 7 and reached Columbia, S. C., on the 8th, and thence proceeded by special train to Charleston, at which place I arrived on the evening of the same day and immediately boarded the swift steamer Yale, the Atlantic liner, better known as the Paris, which was already loaded with troops, ready to heave anchor, off the harbor and city of Charleston. She was accompanied and convoyed by the United States steamer Columbia, also carrying troops. At midnight these two fleet steamers headed for the sou
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