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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 4 4 Browse Search
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.) 2 2 Browse Search
Polybius, Histories 1 1 Browse Search
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero 1 1 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 1 1 Browse Search
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Polybius, Histories, book 20, The Decline of Boeotia (search)
e means or another from that time forward they steadily diminished both the one and the other under the leadership of Amaeocritus; and subsequently not only diminished them, but underwent a complete change of character, and did all that was possible to wipe out their previous reputation. For having been incited by the Achaeans to go to war with the Aetolians, they adopted the policy of the former and made an alliance with them, and thenceforth maintained a steady war with the Aetolians. B. C. 245. See Plutarch, Arat. 16. But on the Aetolians invading Boeotia, they marched out with their full available force, and without waiting for the arrival of the Achaeans, who had mustered their men and were on the point of marching to their assistance, they attacked the Aetolians; and being worsted in the battle were so completely demoralised, that, from the time of that campaign, they never plucked up spirit to claim any position of honour whatever, and never shared in any enterprise or contest
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK VIII., CHAPTER VII. (search)
common secretary, and two military chiefs. Their common assembly of the council met at one place, called Arnarium, (Homarium, or Amarium,) where these persons, and, before their time, the Ionians, consulted on public affairs. They afterwards resolved to elect one military chief. When Aratus held this post, he took the Acrocorinthus from Antigonus, and annexed the city as well as his own country to the Achæan league.This distinguished man was elected general of the Achæan League, B. C. 245. He admitted the Megareans also into the body, and, having destroyed the tyrannical governments in each state, he made them members, after they were restored to liberty, of the Achæan league. * * * * * He freed, in a short time, Peloponnesus from the existing tyrannies; thus Argos, Hermion, Phlius, and Megalopolis, the largest of the Arcadian cities, were added to the Achæan body, when they attained their greatest increase of numbers. It was at this time that the Romans, having
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK IX., CHAPTER I. (search)
e prevailed against anything connected with oligarchy, that, after the death of Casander, he was obliged to fly into Egypt.Demetrius Phalereus was driven from Athens, 307 B. C., whence he retired to Thebes. The death of Casander took place 298 B. C. The insurgents pulled down more than three hundred of his statues, which were melted down, and according to some were cast into chamber-pots. The Romans, after their conquest, finding them governed by a democracy,Aratus, the Achæan general, 245 B. C., drove from Attica the Lacedæmonian garrisons, and restored liberty to the Athenians. maintained their independence and liberty. During the Mithridatic war, the king set over them such tyrants as he pleased. Aristio, who was the most powerful of these persons, oppressed the city; he was taken by Sylla, the Roman general, after a siege,B. C. 87. and put to death. The citizens were pardoned, and, to this time, the city enjoys liberty, and is respected by the Romans. Next to the Pir
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter XV: ad Atticum 4.1 (search)
y excite envy. in re autem familiari : Cicero's house upon the Palatine had been destroyed, his villas plundered, and the rest of his property had been so badly managed by Terentia and her dishonest steward Philotimus that he found himself neariy bankrupt on his return. He was even forced to put up his Tusculan villa for sale; cf. Att. 4.2.7. fracta, etc.: for the metaphor, cf. contraxi vela, Ep. V.2n. Tulliola: cf. pulchellus, Ep. V.10n. coloniae: its establishment as a colonia dated from 245 B.C. Cf. Müller's Handbuch, 111.475. Salutis: for the erection and decoration of the temple of Salus, see Livy, 10.1, Pliny, N. H. 35.19, and Val. Max. 8.14.6. concursu Italiae: Cicero was more popular with the people of Italy than with the populace at Rome, and by a decree of the senate the former were urged to come to Rome to uphold his cause. ornatus: used absolutely without the abl. of the thing, as in Fam. 1.1.3. legati: delegates representing the towns on the Via Appia. nomenclatori: the
w, who conveyed him to Argos, where he was brought up. When he had reached the age of twenty, he gained possession of his native city by the help of some Argians, and the cooperation of the remainder of his party in Sicyon itself, without loss of life, and deprived the usurper Nicocles of his power, B. C. 251. (Comp. Plb. 2.43.) Through the influence of Aratus, Sicyon now joined the Achaean league, and Aratus himself sailed to Egypt to obtain Ptolemy's alliance, in which he succeeded. In B. C. 245 he was elected general (strathgo/s) of the league, and a second time in 243. In the latter of these years he took the citadel of Corinth from the Macedonian garrison, and induced the Corinthian people to join the league. It was chiefly through his instrumentality that Megara, Troezen, Epidaurus, Argos, Cleonae, and Megalopolis, were soon afterwards added to it. It was about this time that the Aetolians, who had made a plundering expedition into Peloponnesus, were stopped by Aratus at Pelle
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Bulbus, C. Ati'lius was consul in B. C. 245, a second time in 235, and censor in 234. In his second consulship, in which he had T. Manlius Torquatus for a colleague, the temple of Janus was closed for the first time after the reign of Numa. (Fast. Capit.; Eutrop. 2.3; Oros. 4.12; Plut. Num. 20; comp. Liv. 1.19.)
Bu'teo 2. M. Fabius Buteo, M. F. M. N., brother apparently of the preceding, was consul B. C. 245. Florus says (2.2. §§ 30, 31), that he gained a naval victory over the Carthaginians and afterwards suffered shipwreck; but this is a mistake, as we know from Polybius, that the Romans had no fleet at that time. In 216 he was elected dictator without a master of the knights, in order to fill up the vacancies in the senate occasioned by the battle of Cannae: he added 177 new members to the senate, and then laid down his office. (Liv. 23.22, 23; Plut. Fab. Max. 9.) We learn from Livy, who calls him the oldest of the ex-censors, that he had filled the latter office; and it is accordingly conjectured that he was the colleague of C. Aurelius Cotta in the censorship, B. C. 241. In the Fasti Capitolini the name of Cotta's colleague has disappeare
Nealces (*Nea/lkhs), a painter who flourished in the time of Aratus, B. C. 245. Plutarch relates that, when Aratus was destroying the pictures of the tyrants, Melanthius's picture of Aristratus was saved by the intercession of Nealces, who painted over with a black colour the figure of Aristratus, but left the rest of the picture uninjured (Plut. Arat. 13). Pliny mentions with high praise his Venus and his naval battle between the Egyptians and the Persians (H. N. 35.11. s. 40, §§ 36, 41). A curious story is told of another of his pictures by Pliny (35.10. s. 36.20). His daughter Alexandria was also a painter (Didymus, ap. Clem. Alex. Strom. iv. p. 381c.) His colour-grinder Erigonus also became a distinguished painter. [
apacity in half the time it would empty itself unrenewed. Athenaeus, a distinguished Greek writer of the third century, A. D., a native of Egypt, in the course of his table-talk mentions that Plato (372 B. C.) had constructed a clepsydra or waterdial which played upon pipes the hours of the night, at a time when they could not be seen on the index. Vitruvius dates the invention something over 100 years later, attributes it to Ctesibus of Alexandria, who lived under Ptolemy Euergetes, 245 B. C., and who states that water was made to drop upon wheels which turned and actuated a small statue having a stick in his hand. The figure rotated on its pedestal and pointed to the figures on a numbered circle. They were, however, known before Ctesibus, but it is probable that he applied toothed wheels to them. They were introduced into Rome by P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, 157 B. C. The orators in Rome, in the time of Pompey, were limited to a certain time: as Cicero says, latrare ad cleps