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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Chrysippus (search)
Chrysippus （*Xru/sippos), a Stoic philosopher, son of Apollonius of Tarsus, but born himself at Soli in Cilicia. When young, he lost his paternal property, for some reason unknown to us, and went to Athens, where he became the disciple of Cleanthes, who was then at the head of the Stoical school. Some say that he even heard Zeno, a possible but not probable statement, as Zeno died B. C. 264, and Chrysippus was born B. C. 280. He does not appear to have embraced the doctrines of the Stoics without considerable hesitation, as we hear that he studied the Academic philosophy, and for some time openly dissented from Cleanthes. Disliking the Academic scepticism, he became one of the most strenuous supporters of the principle, that knowledge is attainable and may be established on certain foundations. Hence, though not the founder of the Stoic school, he was the first person who based its doctrines on a plausible system of reasoning, so that it was said, "if Chrysippus had not existed, the
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ci'neas (search)
of war, as to epitomise the Tactica of Aeneas (Aelian, Tact. 1); and this, no doubt, is the work to which Cicero refers when he speaks of Cineas' books de re militari (ad Fam. 9.25). Dr. Arnold says Plutarch mentions his Commentaries, but it does not appear to what he refers. The historical writer referred to by Strabo (vii. fin. p. 329) may be the same person. The most famous passage in his life is his embassy to Rome, with proposals for peace from Pyrrhus, after the battle of Heraclea (B. C. 280). Cineas spared no arts to gain favour. Thanks to his wonderful memory, on the day after his arrival he was able (we are told) to address all the senators and knights by name (Plin. Nat. 7.24); and in after times stories were current that he sought to gain them over by offering presents to them and their wives, which, however, were disdainfully rejected. (Plut. Pyrrh. 18; Diod. Exc. Vatic. xxii.; Liv. 34.4.) The terms he had to offer were hard, viz. that all the Greeks in Italy should be l
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
ca'nius a distinguished Roman pontiff and jurist, was descended from a father and a grandfather of the same name, but none of his ancestors had ever obtained the honours of the Roman magistracy. According to a speech of the emperor Claudius in Tacitus, the Coruncanii came from Camerium (Ann. 11.24); but Cicero makes the jurist a townsman of Tusculum (pro Planc. 8). Notwithstanding his provincial extraction, this novus homo was promoted to all the highest offices at Rome. (Vell. 2.128.) In B. C. 280, he was consul with P. Valerius Laevinus, and while his colleague was engaged in the commencement of the war against Pyrrhus, the province of Etruria fell to Coruncanius, who was successful in quelling the remains of disaffection, and entirely defeated the Vulsinienses and Vulcientes. For these victories he was honoured with a triumph early in the following year. After subduig Etruria, he returned towards Rome to aid Laevinus in checking the advance of Pyrrhus. (Appian, Samn. 10.3.) In B.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Demo'chares (search)
Diodes, B. C. 287 or 286, however, he again returned to Athens, and distinguished himself in the administration of the public finances, especially by reducing the expenditure. About B. C. 282 he was sent as ambassador to Lysimachus, from whom he obtained at first thirty, and afterwards one hundred talents. At the same time he proposed an embassy to the king of Egypt, from which the Athenians gained the sum of fifty talents. The last act of his life of which we have any record, is that, in B. C. 280, in the archonship of Gorgias, he proposed and carried the decree in honour of his uncle Demosthenes. (Plut. Vit. X Orat. pp. 847, 850.) Demochares developed his talents and principles in all probability under the direction of Demosthenes, and he came forward as a public orator as early as B. C. 322, when Antipater demanded of the Athenians to deliver up to him the leaders of the popular party. (Plut. Vit. X Orat. p. 847.) Some time after the restoration of the democracy he supported Sop
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), He'lenus (search)
He'lenus （*(/Elenos). 1. Son of Pyrrhus, king of Epeirus, by Lanassa, daughter of Agathocles. He was very young when he accompanied his father on his expedition to Italy, B. C. 280; but Pyrrhus is said to have conceived the project, when elated with his first successes in Sicily, of establishing Helenus there as king of the island, to which as grandson of Agathocles he appeared to have a sort of hereditary claim. (Just. xviii, 1, 23.3.) But the tide of fortune soon turned; and when Pyrrhus saw himself compelled to abandon both Sicily and Italy, he left Helenus at Tarentum, together with Milo, to command the garrison of that city, the place in Italy of which he still retained possession. It was not long before he recalled them both from thence, in consequence of the unexpected views that had opened to his ambition in Macedonia and Greece. Helenus accompanied his father on his expedition into the Peloponnese (B. C. 272), and after the fatal night attack on Argos, in which Pyrrhus him
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), He'rmocles (search)
He'rmocles （*(Ermoklh=s), of Rhodes, a statuary, who made the bronze statue of Combabus in the temple of Hera at Hierapolis in Syria. He lived, therefore, in the reign of Antiochus II. (Soter), about B. C. 280, and belonged, no doubt, like Chares, to the Rhodian school of artists, who were the followers of Lysippus. (Lucian, de Dea Syria, 26.) [P.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Home'rus (search)
Home'rus （*(/Omhros). 1. A grammarian and tragic poet of Byzantium, in the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus (about B. C. 280), was the son of the grammarian Andromachus and the poetess Myro. He was one of the seven poets who formed the tragic Peilad. The number of his dramas is differently stated at 45, 47, and 57. His statue stood in the gymnasium of Zeuxippus at Byzantium. His poems are entirely lost, with the exception of one title, Eurypyleia. (Suid. s. vv. *(/Omhros, *Murw/ ; Tzetz. Chil. 12.209, ad Lycophr. p. 264, ed. Müller; D. L. 9.113; Christodor. Ecphrasis, 407-413, apud Brunck. Anal. vol. ii. p. 471; Fabric. Bibl. Graec vol. ii. p. 307; Welcker, die Griech. Tragöd. pp. 1251
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Laevi'nus (search)
Laevi'nus a cognomen of the Gens Valeria at Rome. It appears on the Fasti for the first time in B. C. 280, and was extant in the age of Augustus (Hor. Sat. 1, 6, 12, Schol. Vet.), and in that of Domitian or Nerva. (Mart. 6.9.) Laevina is also mentioned by Martial (Mart. 1.62).
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Laevi'nus (search)
Laevi'nus 1. P. Valerius Laevinus, one of the consuls in B. C. 280, obtained for his province Southern Italy, and the conduct of the war with Pyrrhus, king of Epeirus. Pyrrhus had recently landed at Tarentum, and it was important to force him to engage before he was joined by his Italian allies, and while he could bring into the field only his own troops and the Tarentines. Laevinus accordingly was despatched early in the spring into Lucania, where, from a strong position he had seized, he watched the movements of the Epeirots. Pyrrhus, to gain time, attempted negotiation, and wrote to Laevinus, offering to arbitrate between Rome, Tarentum, and the Italian allies. Laevinus, however, bluntly bade him leave the Romans to settle their own quarrels, and begone to Epeirus, if he wished them to listen to his overtures. Two of the letters which passed between Pyrrhus and Laevinus are extant, in substance at least, among the fragments of Dionysius. They were probably copied from the history
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Leonna'tus (search)
Leonna'tus 3. A Macedonian officer in the service of Pyrrhus, king of Epeirus, who saved the life of that monarch at the battle of Heraclea, B. C. 280. (Plut. Pyrrh. 16; Dionys. Exc. 18.2, 3.) [E.H.B]
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