To show you, then, that these men
are the basest and most depraved of all Philip's visitors, private as well as
official,—yes, of all of them,—let me tell you a trifling
story that has nothing to do with the embassy. After Philip had taken Olynthus, he was holding Olympian
games,Not the great Olympian Games of
Elis, but a Macedonian
festival held at Dium. The date is probably the spring of 347 B.C. and had invited all sorts of artists to the
religious celebration and the festiv
When these transactions
had been completed in the month of Elaphebolion in the archonship of
Theophilus,That is, in March 347 B.C. I at once sailed away for Pontus,
but the plaintiff and Evergus remained here. What transactions they had with one
another while I was away, I cannot state, for they do not tell the same story,
nor is the plaintiff always consistent with himself; sometimes he says that he
was forcibly ousted from his leasehold by Evergus in violation of the agreement;
sometimes that Evergus was the cause of his being inscribed as a debtor to the
state;See note on Dem.
37.2 and the Introduction. sometimes anything else that he
chooses to say.
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XVI, Chapter 70 (search)
343/2 B.C.When Pythodotus was archon at Athens, the Romans elected as
consuls Gaius Plautius and Titus Manlius.Pythodotus was
archon at Athens from July 343 to June 342 B.C. C. Plautius Venno
and T. Manlius Imperiosus Torquatus were the consuls of 347 B.C.
(Broughton, 1.130). In this yearPlut. Timoleon 13.2-5. Timoleon frightened the tyrant
Dionysius into surrendering the citadel, resigning his office and retiring under a safe-conduct
to the Peloponnese, but retaining his private possessions. Thus, through cowardice and meanness, he lost that celebrated tyranny which had been, as
people said, bound with fetters of steel,This was an
oft-quoted metaphor credited to the elder Dionysius; cp. above, chap. 5.4; Plut. Dion 7.3 and Plut. Dion
10.3. and spent the remaining years of his life in poverty at Corinth, furnishing
in his life and misfortune an example to all who vaunt themselves unwisely on their successes.
He who had posses
ich has long been appropriated, and upon which the very ablest speakers among our citizens have many times addressed you at the public funerals;The custom of delivering funeral orations for those who fell in battle seems to have originated in the Persian Wars. Of such orations the following are the most celebrated: the oration of Pericles in honor of those who died in the first year of the Peloponnesian War （Thuc. 2.35-46）; the Epitaphios of Gorgias, published in Athens some time after 347 B.C., represented by fragments only; the Epitaphios attributed to Lysias on those who fell in the Corinthian War, 394 B.C.; the Menexenus of Plato; the Epitaphios attributed to Demosthenes on those who were killed at Chaeronea; that of Hypereides on the heroes of the Lamian War. for, naturally, the most important topics have already been exhausted, while only unimportant topics have been left for later speakers. Nevertheless, since they are apposite to the matter in hand, I must not s
Polybius, Histories, book 9, Greece: Philip Reduces Thessaly (search)
and
the Illyrian Scerdilaidas. A mission was sent from Aetolia to
persuade the Lacedaemonians to join. See Livy, 26, 24.
"That the Macedonian supremacy, men of Sparta, was
the beginning of slavery to the Greeks, I am persuaded that
no one will venture to deny; and you may satisfy yourselves
by looking at it thus. There was a league of Greeks living in
the parts towards Thrace who were colonists from Athens and
Chalcis, of which the most conspicuous and powerful was the
city of Olynthus. B. C. 347. Having enslaved and made
an example of this town, Philip not only became
master of the Thraceward cities, but reduced Thessaly also to
his authority by the terror which he had thus set up. Battle of Chaeronea, B. C. 338. Not
long after this he conquered the Athenians in
a pitched battle, and used his success with
magnanimity, not from any wish to benefit the
Athenians—far from it, but in order that his favourable treatment of them might induce the other states to submit to him
voluntarily. T
vobis: i.e., Camenis . ferendum:
"to be borne, tolerated"; sc. esse mihi
. nihil: adverbial
accusative, "not at all." quippe:
explanatory particle, "for, since." eo: antecedent is quem
profanum . hunc vero . . .
innutritum: ellipsis of main verb effectively expresses
indignation. Eleaticis et Academicis
studiis : the teachings of Parmenides of Elea (d. shortly after 450 B.C.), Plato (founder of the Academy at
Athens; d. 347 B.C.) and their disciples.
Sirenes: in mythology, birds
with the faces of beautiful girls singing sweetly to lure mariners to
shore and death. usque in exitium dulces:
"pleasant to the point of destruction." meisque . . . Musis: dative of agent with
curandum and sanandum .
His . . . increpitus: "rebuked
by these [words]." humi:
locative. acies: "gaze, sight."
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 18. (11.)—THRACE; THE ÆGEAN SEA. (search)
eached the Gospel in Europe,
A.D. 53. See Acts xvi. 12.,
distant from Dyrrhachium 325 miles; also ScotussaIts site seems unknown, but it is evidently a different place from
that mentioned in the last Chapter., the
city of Topiris, the mouth of the river MestusAlso called Mestus., Mount
Pangæus, HeracleaSintica, previously mentioned., OlynthosNow Aco Mamas, at the head of the Toronaic Gulf. It was the
most important Greek city on the coast of Macedon. It was taken and
destroyed by Philip, B.C. 347, and its inhabitants sold as
slaves. Mecyberna, already mentioned, was used as its sea-port., AbderaOn the coast, and east of the river Nestus. Its people were
proverbial for their stupidity, though it produced the philosophers
Democritus, Protagoras, and Anaxarchus. No traces of its site are to
be found., a
free city, the
people of the BistonesNow called the Lagos Buru. The name of the Bistones is
sometimes used by the poets for that of the Thracians in general. and their Lake. Here was form
kaqei=rcen. e)pi\ tou/tois *ai(/mwn, o( *kre/ontos ui(o/s, o(\s e)mna=to au)th/n, a)ganakth/sas e(auto\n prosepisfa/zei th=| ko/rh| a)polome/nh| a)gxo/nh|, *teiresi/ou tau=ta proqespi/santos: e)f' w(=| luphqei=sa *eu)rudi/kh, h( tou= *kre/ontos gameth/, e(auth\n a)posfa/zei. kai\ te/los qrhnei= *kre/wn to\n tou= paido\s kai\ th=s gameth=s qa/naton.
kaqa/rantes vulg., kaqai/rontes L, and so most recent edd. But the present partic. cannot stand here; the removal of the dust was not a continued or repeated act (cp. v. 409). The form e)ka/qara has earlier epigraphic evidence (347 B.C.) than e)ka/qhra: see Meisterhans, Gramm. Att. Inschr. p. 86.
prosepisfa/zei L: e)pisfa/zei vulg. II a)posfa/zei L: katasfa/zei vulg.
e)piba/llei xw=ma, because the strewing of dust on the corpse was a symbolical sepulture: see v. 256, and n. on 10. The phrase is strange, but no emendation seems probable. 7 e(auth\n ei)sagge/llei, ‘denounces herself’: see v. 435. 10 proqespi/santos: alluding to vv. 1064
ubulus prevailed on the Athenians to send an embassy to Peloponnesus with the object of uniting the Greeks against the common enemy. and Aeschines was sent to Arcadia. Here Aeschines spoke at Megalopolis against Hieronymus an emissary of Philip, but without success; and from this moment Aeschines, as well as all his fellow-citizens, gave up the hope of effecting anything by the united forces of Greece. (Dem. De fals. Leg. pp. 314, 438; Aesch. De fals. Leg. p. 38.) When therefore Philip, in B. C. 347, gave the Athenians to understand that he was inclined to make peace with them, Philocrates urged the necessity of sending an embassy to Philip to treat on the subject. Ten men, and among them Aeschines and Demosthenes, were accordingly sent to Philip, who received them with the utmost politeness, and Aeschines, when it was his turn to speak, reminded the king of the rights which Athens had to his friendship and alliance.
The king promised to send forthwith ambassadors to Athens to negotia
Archela'us
（*)Arxe/laos), one of the illegitimate sons of AMYNTAS II. by Cygnaea. Himself and his two brothers (Archideus or Arrhidaeus, and Menelaus) excited the jealousy of their halfbrother Philip; and, this having proved fatal to one of them, the other two tied for refuge to Olynthus.
According to Justin, the protection which they obtained there gave occasion to the Olynthian war, B. C. 349; and on the capture of the city, B. C. 347, the two princes fell into Philip's hands and were put to death. (Just. 7.4, 8.3.) [E.
