Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XIV, Chapter 35 (search)
400 B.C.At the close of this year, in Athens Laches was archon and in Rome the consulship was
administered by military tribunes, Manius Claudius, Marcus Quinctius, Lucius Julius, Marcus
Furius, and Lucius ValeriusLivy (Livy
5.1) gives the names as M. Aemilius Mamercus, L. Valerius Potitus, Ap. Claudius
Crassus, M. Quinctilius Varus, L. Iulius Iulus, M. Postumius, M. Furius Camillus, and M.
Postumius Albinus.; and the Ninety-fifth Olympiad was held, that in which Minos of
Athens won the "stadion." This year Artaxerxes, the King of
Asia, after his defeat of Cyrus, had dispatched Tissaphernes to take over all the satrapies
which bordered on the sea. Consequently the satraps and cities which had allied themselves with
Cyrus were in great suspense, lest they should be punished for their offences against the King.
Now all the other satraps, sending ambassadors to
Tissaphernes, paid court to him and in every way possible arranged th
for I have striven to forestall just such a complaint, and have recounted the most glorious of his exploits. I do not, however, forget his minor campaigns; I do not forget that Dercylidas,Succeeded Thimbron as commander of the Spartan fleet, 399 B.C. He is said to have taken nine cities in eight days （Xen. Hell. 3.2.1）. with a thousand heavy-armed troops, extended his power over Aeolis; that DracoAppointed harmost of Atarneus by Dercylidas, 398 B.C. （Xen. Hell. 3.2.11）. took possession of Atarneus, and afterwards collected an army of three thousand light-armed men, and devastated the plains of Mysia; that Thimbron,Admiral of Spartan fleet 400 B.C. （Xen. Hell. 3.1.4）. with a force only a little larger, crossed over into Lydia and plundered the whole country; and that Agesilaus, with the help of the army of Cyrus, conquered almost all the territory this side of the Halys river.The campaign of Agesilaus occurred in 395 B.C. （Xen. H
Isocrates, Antidosis (ed. George Norlin), section 2 (search)
e sophistsThe term “sophist” is used loosely throughout the discourse, sometimes as the equivalent of wise man, but more often, as here, of a professional teacher of philosophy and oratory. See General Introd. p. xii, note a . traduce my occupation, saying that it has to do with writing speeches for the courts,See General Introd. p. xx, and note c . very much as one might have the effrontery to call Pheidias, who wrought our statue of Athena,The “gold and ivory” statue of Athena which stood in the Parthenon. a doll-maker, or say that Zeuxis and ParrhasiusZeuxis and Parrhasius sojourned in Athens about 400 B.C. practiced the same art as the sign-painters,Literally, painters of votive tablets set up in temples as thank-offerings for deliverance from sickness or from dangers on the sea. Cf. Tibullus 1.3.27-28: nunc, dea, nunc succurre mihi, nam posse mederi/picta docet templis multa tabella tuis. nevertheless I have never deigned to defend myself against their attempts to belit
Such were the fates I saw befall the locusts. On the Athenian Acropolis is a statue of Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, and one of Xanthippus him self, who fought against the Persians at the naval battle of Mycale.479 B.C. But that of Pericles stands apart, while near Xanthippus stands Anacreon of Teos, the first poet after Sappho of Lesbos to devote himself to love songs, and his posture is as it were that of a man singing when he is drunk. Deinomenesfl. 400 B.C. made the two female figures which stand near, Io, the daughter of Inachus, and Callisto, the daughter of Lycaon, of both of whom exactly the same story is told, to wit, love of Zeus, wrath of Hera, and metamorphosis, Io becoming a cow and Callisto a bear.
By the south wall are represented the legendary war with the giants, who once dwelt about Thrace and on the isthmus of Pallene, the battle between the Athenians and the Amazons, the engagement with the Persians at Marathon and the destruction of the Gauls in Mysia.See Paus.
thena; for even those who in their parishes have an established worship of other gods nevertheless hold Athena in honor. But the most holy symbol, that was so considered by all many years before the unification of the parishes, is the image of Athena which is on what is now called the Acropolis, but in early days the Polis （City）. A legend concerning it says that it fell from heaven; whether this is true or not I shall not discuss. A golden lamp for the goddess was made by Callimachusfl. 400 B.C.?
Having filled the lamp with oil, they wait until the same day next year, and the oil is sufficient for the lamp during the interval, although it is alight both day and night. The wick in it is of Carpasian flax,Probably asbestos. the only kind of flax which is fire-proof, and a bronze palm above the lamp reaches to the roof and draws off the smoke. The Callimachus who made the lamp, although not of the first rank of artists, was yet of unparalleled cleverness, so that he was the first to d
and Alexander of Pleuron, and even before them, Stesichorus of Himera, agree with the Argives in asserting that Iphigenia was the daughter of Theseus.c. 610-550 B.C. Over against the sanctuary of Eilethyia is a temple of Hecate, and the image is a work of Scopas. This one is of stone, while the bronze images opposite, also of Hecate, were made respectively by PolycleitusIt is uncertain who this Polycleitus was or when he lived. He was not the great Polycleitus, and flourished probably after 400 B.C. and his brother Naucydes, son of Mothon.
As you go along a straight road to a gymnasium, called Cylarabis after the son of Sthenelus, you come to the grave of Licymnius, the son of Electryon, who, Homer says, was killed by Tleptolemus, the son of Heracles for which homicide Tleptolemus was banished from Argos. On turning a little aside from the road to Cylarabis and to the gate there, you come to the tomb of Sacadas, who was the first to play at Delphi the Pythian flute-tune;
the hostility
ades has been locked up by Pluto, and that nobody will return back again therefrom.
I must not omit the story told by Aristarchus, the guide to the sights at Olympia. He said that in his day the roof of the Heraeum had fallen into decay. When the Eleans were repairing it, the corpse of a foot-soldier with wounds was discovered between the roof supporting the tiles and the ornamented ceiling. This soldier took part in the battle in the Altis between the Eleans and the Lacedaemonians.circa 400 B.C.
The Eleans in fact climbed to defend themselves on to all high places alike, including the sanctuaries of the gods. At any rate this soldier seemed to us to have crept under here after growing faint with his wounds, and so died. Lying in a completely sheltered spot the corpse would suffer harm neither from the heat of summer nor from the frost of winter. Aristarchus said further that they carried the corpse outside the Altis and buried him in the earth along with his armour.
What the Ele
days of the year; and in consequence of this they also were poorly governed. One evidence of their bad policies is the fact that they employed foreign generals; for they sent for AlexanderAlexander I was appointed king of Epeirus by Philip of Macedonia about 342 B.C., and was killed by a Luecanian about 330 B.C. (cp. 6. 1. 5). the Molossian to lead them in their war against the Messapians and Leucanians, and, still before that, for Archidamus,Archidamus III, king of Sparta, was born about 400 B.C. and lost his life in 338 B.C. in this war. the son of Agesilaüs, and, later on, for Cleonymus,Little is know of this Cleonymus, save that he was the son of Cleomenes II, who reigned at Sparta 370-309 B.C. and Agathocles,Agathocles (b. about 361 B.C.—d. 289 B.C.) was a tyrant of Syracuse. He appears to have led the Tarantini about 300 B.C. and then for Pyrrhus,Pyrrhus (about 318-272 B.C.), king of Epeirus, accepted the invitation of Tarentum in 281 B.C. at the time when they formed a lea
Xenophon, Hellenica (ed. Carleton L. Brownson), Book 3, chapter 1 (search)
sea—all this has been written by ThemistogenesUnknown except for this reference. It would seem that Xenophon's own Anabasis was not published at the time when these words were written. the Syracusan.
Now when Tissaphernes, who was thought to have400 B.C. proved himself very valuable to the King in the war against his brother, was sent down as satrap both of the provinces which he himself had previously ruled and of those which Cyrus had ruled, he straightway400 B.C. demanded that all the Ionian 400 B.C. demanded that all the Ionian cities should be subject to him. But they, both because they wanted to be free and because they feared Tissaphernes, inasmuch as they had chosen Cyrus, while he was living, instead of him, refused to admit him into their cities and sent ambassadors to Lacedaemon asking that the Lacedaemonians, since they were the leaders of all Hellas, should undertake to protect them also, the Greeks in Asia, in order that their land might not be laid waste and that they themselves might be free.
Accordingly, t
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK VIII. THE NATURE OF THE TERRESTRIAL ANIMALS., CHAP. 84. (59.)—ANIMALS WHICH INJURE STRANGERS ONLY, AS
ALSO ANIMALS WHICH INJURE THE NATIVES OF THE COUNTRY
ONLY, AND WHERE THEY ARE FOUND. (search)
ometor, Ctesias,See end of B. ii. Duris,See end of B. vii. Philistus,An historian of Syracuse, one of the most celebrated of antiquity,
though, unfortunately, none of his works have come down to us. He was
born about B.C. 435, and died B. C. 356. He wrote histories of Egypt,
Libya, Syria, and Phœnicia. Archytas,A Greek of Tarentum, famous as a philosopher, mathematician, statesman, and general. The lives of him by Aristoxenus and Aristotle are unfortunately lost. He lived probably about B. C. 400, and he is said to have
saved the life of Plato by his influence with the tyrant Dionysius. He
was finally drowned in the Adriatic. He attained great skill as a prac-
tical mechanician; and his flying dove of wood was one of the wonders of
antiquity. The fragments and titles of works ascribed to him are very
numerous, but the genuineness of some is doubted. Phylarchus,See end of B. vii. AmphilochusA writer on Agriculture, mentioned also by Varro and Columella. In
B. xviii. c. 43, Pliny speaks
