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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Melesippus (search)
Melesippus （*Melh/sippos), a Lacedaemonian, son of Diacritus, was one of the three ambassadors sent to Athens in B. C. 432, just before the commencement of the Peloponnesian war, with the final demand of Lacedaemon for the restoration of the independence of all the Greek states. By the advice of Pericles, the Athenians refused compliance. In the following year, when Archidamus was on his march to invade Attica, be again sent Melesippus to Athens, in the hope of effecting a negotiation; but the Athenians would not even admit him to a hearing. (Thuc. 1.139-145, 2.12.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Meton (search)
as observed by Aristarchus in the fiftieth year of the first period of Calippus, there have elapsed, as Hipparchus says, 152 years. And since this fiftieth year, which was the forty-fourth after the death of Alexander, to the four hundred and sixty-third, which is that of Imy observation, there have elapsed 419 years." Such are the data from which, and from the presumed meaning of a passage in Diodorus, Meton's solstice, the acknowledged epoch of commencement of the period, has been placed B. C. 432. But we are far from seeing how it has been made out. Delambre gives no opinion, but quotes Cassini's, which he would not have done on any point in which care or research could have given him one of his own. But though the particular date of this epoch is not fixed to a year or two, the general era of Meton is well fixed, as well by the data above mentioned as by Aelian ( Ael. VH 13.12), who states that he feigned insanity to avoid sailing for Sicily in the ill-fated expedition of which he
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nymphodo'rus (search)
Nymphodo'rus （*Numfo/dwros), a citizen of Abdera, whose sister married Sitalces, king of Thrace. The Athenians, who had previously regarded Nymphodorus as their enemy, made him their proxenus in B. C. 431, and, through his mediation, obtained the alliance of Sitalces, for which they were anxious, and conferred the freedom of their city on Sadocus, Sitalces' son. Nymphodorus also brought about a reconciliation between the Athenians and Perdiccas, king of Macedonia, and persuaded them to restore to him the town of Therma, which they had taken in B. C. 432 (see Thuc. 1.61). In B. C. 430 Nymphodorus aided in the seizure, at Bisanthe, of ARISTEUS and the other ambassadors, who were on their way to ask aid of the Persian king against the Athenians. (Hdt. 7.137; Thuc. 2.29, 67; comp. Arist. Atc. 145.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
itizen as a reward for the services of his father Alexander during the Persian war. (Thuc. 1.57; Demosth. de Syntax. p. 173, c. Aristocr. p. 687, who erroneously calls Perdiccas king at the time of the Persian invasion.) But the countenance furnished by the Athenians to the pretensions of his brother Philip, as well as to Derdas, a Macedonian chieftain, at this time in hostility to Perdiccas, completely estranged the mind of the latter, and led to an open rupture between him and Athens. In B. C. 432, the Athenians sent a fleet and army to Macedonia to support Philip and Derdas against Perdiccas, while the latter openly espoused the cause of Potidaea, which had shaken off the Athenian yoke, at the same time that he sent ambassadors to Lacedaemon and Corinth, to induce those powerful states to declare war against Athens. His negotiations, for a time, produced no effect. But the Athenian generals also accomplished but little : they took Therma, but laid siege, without effect, to Pydna, a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phei'dias (search)
reek statuary : he worked for other Greek cities; and he died just before the commencement of the Peloponnesian War, in B. C. 432. The importance of the subject demands, however, a careful examination of the difficulties which surround it. The firstme of Pythodorus for Scythodorus; for the latter archon is not mentioned elsewhere. Pythodorus was archon in Ol. 87. 1, B. C. 432, and seven years before him was the archonship of Theodorus, Ol. 85. 3, B. C. 438. In the latter year, therefore, the sry the city into war by the passing of the decree against Megara, which decree was made not later than the beginning of B. C. 432. It is clear that Pericles was at that period extremely unpopular with a large party in Athens, who, thinking him too, may be relied on for the date, which he doubtless took from official records, namely the archonship of Pythodorus, or B. C. 432. The death of Pheidias happened about the time of the completion of the last of those great works which he superintende
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philippus (search)
which qualifications the Egestaeans worshipped him after his death as a hero. (Hdt. 5.47; comp. above, Vol. I. p. 1066b.) Philippus 2. Son of Alexander I. of Macedonia, and brother of Perdiccas II., against whom he rebelled in conjunction with Derdas. The rebels were aided by the Athenians, in consequence of which Perdiccas instigated Potidaea, as well as the Chalcidians and Bottiaeans, to revolt from Athens. When the Athenian generals arrived, Philip acted with them in the campaign of B. C. 432. He seems to have diedbefore B. C. 429, in which ear we find his son Amyntas contesting the throne with Perdiccas, and aided in his attempt by Sitalces, king of the Odrysian Thracians. (Thuc. 1.57, &100.2.95, 100.) [See above, Vol. I. p. 154b.; and comp. Clint. F. H. vol. ii. p. 225, where a different account is given of Amyntas.] Philippus 3. A Lacedaemonian, was sent by the Peloponnesians to Aspendus, in B. C. 411, with two gallies, to take charge of the Phoenician fleet, which Tissap
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philippus (search)
Philippus 2. Son of Alexander I. of Macedonia, and brother of Perdiccas II., against whom he rebelled in conjunction with Derdas. The rebels were aided by the Athenians, in consequence of which Perdiccas instigated Potidaea, as well as the Chalcidians and Bottiaeans, to revolt from Athens. When the Athenian generals arrived, Philip acted with them in the campaign of B. C. 432. He seems to have diedbefore B. C. 429, in which ear we find his son Amyntas contesting the throne with Perdiccas, and aided in his attempt by Sitalces, king of the Odrysian Thracians. (Thuc. 1.57, &100.2.95, 100.) [See above, Vol. I. p. 154b.; and comp. Clint. F. H. vol. ii. p. 225, where a different account is given of Amyntas.]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Polygno'tus (search)
ber attached to the Propylaea of the Acropolis ; and although it is possible, as these were probably panel pictures, that they might have been painted before the erection of the building in which they were placed, yet, from the description of Pausanias, and from all that we know of the usual practice in the decoration of public buildings at this period, it is far more probable that they were painted expressly for the building. Now the Propylaea were commenced in B. C. 437, and completed in B. C. 432, so that the age of Polygnotus is brought down almost to the beginning of the Peloponnesian war. Again, in the Gorgias of Plato, "Aristophon, the son of Aglaophon, and his brother," are referred to in a way which implies that they were two of the most distinguished painters then living (Gory. p. 448b., comp. Schol. * It is, of course, almost useless to speculate on the reason why the name of Polygnotus is not specified. It may have been on account of his celebrity; or it may have been that
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pytha'goras (search)
Pytha'goras （*Puqago/ras), artists. 1. Of Rhegium, one of the most celebrated statuaries of Greece. Pausanias, who calls him "excellent in the plastic art, if any other was so," gives the following as his artistic genealogy (6.4.2. s. 4) -- His precise date is difficult to fix. In Pliny's list he is placed at Ol. 87 (B. C. 432) with Ageladas, Callon, Polycletus, Myron, Scopas, and others. (H. N. 34.8. s. 19.) How little dependence is to be placed on Pliny's chronological groups of artists, we have had occasion more than once to notice, and the very names now mentioned furnish a sufficient proof. It is indeed possible, as Sillig proposes, to apply the statement of Pliny to Pythagoras of Samos; but, as Pliny does not say which of the two artists he refers to, it is natural to suppose that he means the more distinguished one. We are inclined to believe that Pliny's reason for placing Pythagoras at this date was the circumstance which he afterwards mentions (l.c. § 4), that Pythag
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Rha'mphias (search)
Rha'mphias （*(Ramfi/as), a Lacedaemonian, rather of Clearchus (Thuc. 8.8, 39; Xen. Hell. 1.1.35), was one of the three ambassadors who were sent to Athens in B. C. 432, with the final demand of Sparta for the independence of all the Greek states. The demand was refused, and the Peloponnesian war ensued. (Thuc. 1.139, &c.) In B. C. 422 Rhamphias, with two colleagues, commanded a force of 900 men, intended for the strengthening of Brasidas in Thrace; but their passage through Thessaly was opposed by the Thessalians, and, hearing also of the battle of Amphipolis and the death of Brasidas, they returned to Sparta. (Thuc. 5.12, 13.) [E.
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