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Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK V. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 44.—THE ISLANDS OF THE PROPONTIS. (search)
iii. of Lampsacus, DiodorusSee end of B. iii. of Syracuse, HannoThe author of the Periplus, or voyage which he performed round a part of Libya, of which we have a Greek translation from the Punic original. His age is not known, but Pliny states (B. ii. c. 67, and B. v. c. 1) that the voyage was undertaken in the most flourishing days of Carthage. It has been considered on the whole, that he may be probably identified with Hanno, the son or the father of Hamilcar, who was slain at Himera, B.C. 480., HimilcoMentioned also by Pliny, B. ii. c. 67, as having conducted a voyage of discovery from Gades towards the north, along the western shores of Europe, at the same time that Hanno proceeded on his voyage along the western coast of Africa. He is repeatedly quoted by Festus Avienus, in his geographical poem called Ora Maritima. His voyage is said to have lasted four months, but it is impossible to judge how far it extended., NymphodorusSee end of B. iii., CalliphanesSee end of B. iii., Arte
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK XXXVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PRECIOUS STONES., CHAP. 77.—A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF NATURE AS SHE APPEARS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. THE COMPARATIVE VALUES OF THINGS. (search)
QUOTED.—King Juba,See end of B. v. XenocratesSee end of B. xxxiii. the son of Zeno, Sudines,See end of B. xxxvi. Æschylus,See end of B. x. Philoxenus,A Dithyrambic poet, a native of Cythera. or, according to some, of Heraclea in Pontus. During the latter part of his life he resided at the court of the younger Dionysius, tyrant of Sicily, and died B.C. 380, at the age of 55. Of his poems, only a few fragments are left. Euripides,One of the great Tragic Poets of Greece, born at Salamis B.C. 480. Of his Tragedies, eighteen are still extant, out of seventy-five, or, according to some accounts, ninety-two, which he originally wrote. Nicander,See end of B. viii. Satyrus,Nothing positive seems to be known of this author, who is mentioned in Chapters 11, 24, and 25 of the present Book as having written on Precious Stones. It is possible that he may have been the architect mentioned in B. xxxvi. c. 14. Hardouin would identify him with a Comic writer of Olynthus, of this name. Theophrastus,
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 4 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.), chapter 29 (search)
ved that notorious stigma of cruelty. Besides, Manlius was given the surname Imperiosus —the Despotic —while Postumius received no such grim distinction. Gnaeus Julius the consul dedicated the temple of Apollo in the absence of his colleague, without drawing lots. Quinctius resented this, when he had dismissed his army and returned to the City; but his complaint of it in the senate was without effect. To the history of a year famous for its great events, is appended a statement —as though the incident was then regarded as of no importance to the Roman state-that the Carthaginians, destined to be such mighty enemies, then for the first time sent over an army into Sicily to assist one of the factions in the domestic quarrels of the Sicilians.A mistake. The Carthaginians had obtained a foothold in Sicily long before this time, and (according to Herodotus, vii. 166), were defeated in a great naval battle by the Sicilians on the same day that Salamis was fought (480 B.C.).
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 44 (ed. Alfred C. Schlesinger, Ph.D.), chapter 3 (search)
Meanwhile the consul had settled on the plan of proceeding by the pass where the king's officer was encamped near Ottolobus.I.e., the pass by Lake Ascuris. Cf. Herodotus VII. 128 on Xerxes' choice of routes in 480 B.C.; he went via Perrhaebia and Gonnus. It was decided, however, to send ahead four thousand men to seize valuable advance positions; the commanders of this force were Marcus Claudius and Quintus Marcius, the son of the consul. Immediately the whole Roman army followed. However, so steep, rough, and rugged was the road that the advance forces, travelling light, barely completed a two days' march of fifteen miles before pitching camp. The place they occupied isB.C. 169 called Dierus. Thence on the following day they advanced seven miles, seized a hill not far from the enemy's camp, and reported by messenger to the consul that they were in contact with the enemy, that they had occupied a place safe and suitable for all purposes, and that he should follo
Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus, commLine 411 (search)
soi=s … ta/fois, poetical locative dat. (O. T. 381 n.), freq. in Homer, as Il. 21.389 h(/menos *ou)lu/mpw|. Some day the Thebans will invade Attica, and will be defeated by the Athenians near the grave of Oedipus. Cp. Aristeides u(pe\r tw=n tetta/rwn p. 284 (the great men of the Greek past are guardian spirits), kai\ r(u/esqai/ ge th\n xw/ran ou) xei=ron h)\ to\n e)n *kolwnw=| kei/menon *oi)di/poun: where the schol. records a vague legend of his epiphany in some fight with Theban invaders. When the Persians (480 B.C.) were repulsed from Delphi, two gigantic warriors pursued them; tou/tous de\ tou\s du/o *delfoi\ le/gousi ei(=nai tou\s e)pixwri/ous h(/rwas, *fu/lako/n te kai\ *au)to/noon, tw=n ta\ teme/nea/ e)sti peri\ to\ i(ro/n (Her. 8.39). So Theseus was seen at Marathon (Plut. Thes. 35); Athene appeared, and the Aeacidae helped, at Salamis (Her. 9.83 f.)
Thomas W. Allen, E. E. Sikes, Commentary on the Homeric Hymns, HYMN TO HERMES (search)
myth Melic Poets p. 165 (but see Timotheus Pers.237). Even if this form of the cithara is older than Terpander, who probably only modified the scale (Smyth l.c.), it is highly probable that the hymn is much later than that poet. As Gemoll remarks (p. 193), the hymn-writer could not have attributed the seven strings to Hermes, had not the cithara been long established in that form. On the other hand, the hymn does not approach the childishness of the Batrachomachia (attributed to Pigres, circ. 480, by Plutarch and Suidas), nor to the comic effects of fourth-century parody; still less is it Alexandrian. It is excellent and vigorous literature of an early period, and its cynical and quasi-parodic style make it unique. Its language is in places prosaic,See on 313, 316. but a high flight of poetic fancy would be foreign to the theme. The moral tone appears low when judged by modern standards—as low, perhaps, as that of the Lay of Demodocus (see h. Aphr. Introd.). But this was no stumbli
J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., section 20 (search)
Themistoclem: the great Athenian statesman and general, who won the battle of Salamis in the second Persian invasion (B.C. 480) and afterwards, by his skillful policy, raised Athens to its greatest height of power.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
s, dressed in female attire, who slew the Persians. As the Persians did not return, Megabazus sent Bubares with some troops into Macedonia; but Alexander escaped the danger by giving his sister Gygaea in marriage to the Persian general. According to Justin, Alexander succeeded his father in the kingdom soon after these events. (Hdt. 5.17-21, 8.136 ; Justin, 7.2-4.) In B. C. 492, Macedonia was obliged to submit to the Persian general Mardonius (Hdt. 6.44); and in Xerxes' invasion of Greece (B. C. 480), Alexander accompanied the Persian army. He gained the confidence of Mardonius, and was sent by him to Athens after the battle of Salamis, to propose peace to the Athenians, which he strongly recommended, under the conviction that it was impossible to contend with the Persians. He was unsuccessful in his mission ; but though he continued in the Persian army, he was always secretly inclined to the cause of the Greeks, and informed them the night before the battle of Plataeae of the intenti
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Amei'nias (search)
Amei'nias （*)Ameini/as), a younger brother of Aeschylus, of the Attic demos of Pallene according to Herodotus (8.84, 93), or of that of Decelea according to Plutarch (Plut. Them. 4), distinguished himself at the battle of Salamis (B. C. 480) by making the first attack upon the Persian ships, and also by his pursuit of Artemisia. He and Eumenes were judged to have been the bravest on this occasion among all the Athenians. (Herod., Plut. ll. cc. ; Diod. 11.27.) Aelian mentions (V. H. 5.19), that Ameinias prevented the condemnation of his brother Aeschylus by the Areiopagus. [AESCHYLUS, p. 41a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Amyclaeus (search)
Amyclaeus （*)Amuklai=os), a Corinthian sculptor, who, in conjunction with Diylius, executed in bronze a group which the Phocians dedicated at Delphi, after their victory over the Thessalians at the beginning of the Persian war, B. C. 480. (Paus. 10.1.4, 13.4; Hdt. 8.27.) The subject of this piece of sculpture was the contest of Heracles with Apollo for the sacred tripod. Heracles and Apollo were represented as both having hold of the tripod, while Leto and Artemis supported Apollo, and Heracles was encouraged by Athene. The legend to which the group referred is related by Pausanias (10.13.4); the reason for such a subject being chosen by the Phocians on this occasion, seems to be their own connexion with Apollo as guardians of the Delphic oracle, and, on the other hand, because the Thessalian chiefs were Heracleidae, and their war-cry "Athene Itonia." (Müller, Archäol. der Kunst, § 89, an. 3.) The attempt of Heracles to carry off the tripod seems to have been a favourite subject with
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