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Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Cicero's Public Life and Contemporary Politics. (search)
r completed the separation of Pompey from Caesar. Several circumstances which occurred during the previous two years had paved the way for this result. First of all the death of Julia, Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife, in 54 B.C., Liv. Epit. 106; Dio Cass. 39.64. and the subsequent refusal of Pompey to enter into another family alliance with Caesar, severed a link which had bound the two men together; but a still more important factor was the defeat and death of Crassus in the East in 53 B.C.Liv. Epit. 106. The indefinite continuance of a triumvirate was possible, but the existence of a duumvirate was impossible, and the time seemed to Pompey ripe for strengthening himself and humbling his rival. He was practically dictator in Rome, and still retained his governorship of Spain, while his rival, Caesar, was far away in Gaul, engaged with Vercingetorix, his bravest and ablest enemy, in a life and death struggle,Caes. B. G. 7.63-89. which might end with him as the Parthian campa
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter XXVI: ad familiares 7.18 (search)
Letter XXVI: ad familiares 7.18 A villa near Ulubrae, April 8, 53 B.C. sic habeto: like scito (cf.Intr. 89), a lively colloquial expression which is used frequently in the Letters. Sic takes the place of an object Cf. Fam. 1.7.4; 16.4.4; Ep. LXI. 2. The construction is indicated in Fam. 2.6.5 unum hoc sic habeto, etc. Habere with the force of scire or audivisse, though found most frequently in the imperative, is not confined to that mode. Cf. habes omnia, Att. 5.20.7; habes consilia nostra, nunc cognosce de Bruto, Att. 5.21.10. Cf. the English colloquial expression, 'you have it,' i.e. you have the idea. maiori curae: cf. Ep. XXV.2n. vestrae cautiones chirographi mei: the guaranty-bonds drawn up by you lawyers for your clients are so poor that I am afraid your position will not be a stable one if you depend upon your own support. This letter, therefore, is a guaranty, with a Greek coloring to it, to be sure, of my support. Graeculam is very obscure, but in the diminutive force the
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter XXVII: ad familiares 16.16 (search)
Letter XXVII: ad familiares 16.16 Transalpine Gaul, May, 53 B.C. mi Marce: cf. mi Pomponi, Ep. X. n. meam: (not tuam) to indicate his affection for Tullia. Tulliolam: cf. pulchellus, Ep. V.10n. and Intr. 76. amicum maluisti: with reference to Tiro's manumission. Cicero seems to refer to the same event in nostra fient, Fam. 16.10.2, and dies promissorum adest, quem etiam repraesentabo, si adveneris, Fam. 16.14.2. mihi crede: this phrase and crede mihi are common in the correspondence. The latter seems to be the colloquial, and mihi crede the more formal order. exsilui gaudio: in harmony with the familiar tone of the letter. Stati: cf. Ep. VII.1n. sic nuntiasti: for the absolute use of nuntio, cf. Ter. Hec. 642, bene, ita me di ament, nuntias. Sabini: unknown.
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter XXVIII: ad familiares 7.15 (search)
Letter XXVIII: ad familiares 7.15 Rome, June, 53 B.C. quam sint morosi qui amant: Böckel considers this a quotation from some poet, and compares for the sentiment Plaut. Trin. 668: Itast amor, ballista ut iacitur, nil sic celerest neque volat: Atque is mores hominum moros et morosos efficit. C. Mati: cf. Ep. XCI., introd. note, and XCII. suavissimi: Ep. XCII. affords excellent proof of the correctness of this characterization. doctissimi: Matius not only wrote a book upon gastronomy, but Cicero found the impulse to some of his best philosophical work in the lively sympathy of Matius. Cf. filosofou/mena, Ep. XCI.5n. familiaritatem: the friendship formed between Matius and Trebatius in Gaul continued unshaken through all the vicissitudes of the Civil War. Cf. Ep. XCI. I, Att. 9.15A . mihi crede: cf. Ep. XXVII.1n.
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter XXXIV: ad familiares 15.4 (search)
y lot, and Cisalpine Gaul to C. Antonius. To secure the support of Antonius, Cicero exchanged provinces with him, and afterward declined Cisalpine Gaul. For another statement of his feelings with reference to a province, cf. contra voluntatem, Ep. XXIX.1n. sacerdotium: the augurate. But Cicero writes to Atticus, 59 B.C. : de istis rebus exspecto tuas litteras cuinam auguratus deferatar, quo quidem uno ego ab istis capi possum, Att. 2.5.2. He was elected a member of the college of augurs in 53 B.C. iniuriam : one of Cicero's euphemisms for exsilium. meam calamitatem: sc. his exile. eum honorem qui solet: the nearest approach to a definite statement of his wish for a supplicatio. Such a statement he purposely avoids. paulo ante: in 11. hoc nescio quid: a phrase of modesty; cf. 13. mores, instituta, atque vitam: when in Cicero three or more substantives follow one another, no connective is used, or a connective is used with each pair of substantives, or the members of the last pair o
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXV: ad familiares 6.6 (search)
rom some tragic poet. Cf. Ribbeck, Trag. Röm. Frag. p. 256. non involatu nec oscinis: birds were divided into two classes, alites (or praepetes) and oscines; the latter gave omens by singing, the former by their flight and the motion of their wings; cf. Serv. on Verg. Aen. 3.361. In taking the auspices, the augur faced south, and the east, from which favorable omens came, would be to his left (sinistra). involatu: cf. invitatu, Ep. XXI.2n. in nostra disciplina: Cicero became an augur in 53 B.C. nec soniviis: if the sacred chickens ate the pulse so rapidly that a part of it fell to the ground, the auspices were favorable. Querelarum: Caecina's Liber Querelarum was evidently a book complimentary to Caesar, which Caecina wrote while in exile. Billerbeck surmises that it was similar to Ovid's Tristia. On Caesar's clemency, cf. Suet. Jul. 75 and Caesar's own words to Cicero (Att. 9.16.2): recte auguraris de me -- bene enim tibi cognitus sum -- nihil a me abesse longius crudelitate
Acco a chief of the Senones in Gaul, who induced his countrymen to revolt against Caesar, B. C. 53. On the conclusion of the war Acco was put to death by Caesar. (Bell. Gall. 6.4, 44.)
ted to depart, on condition of surrendering all the fortresses still in his power. In the following year, during the expedition of Gabinius into Egypt, Alexander again excited the Jews to revolt, and collected an army. He massacred all the Romans who fell in his way, and besieged the rest, who had taken refuge on Mount Gerizim. After rejecting the terms of peace which were offered to him by Gabinius, he was defeated near Mount Tabor with the loss of 10,000 men. The spirit of his adherents, however, was not entirely crushed, for in B. C. 53, on the death of Crassus, he again collected some forces, but was compelled to come to terms by Cassius. (B. C. 52.) In B. C. 49, on the breaking out of the civil war, Caesar set Aristobulus at liberty, and sent him to Judaea, to further his interests in that quarter. He was poisoned on the journey, and Alexander, who was preparing to support him, was seized at the command of Pompey, and beheaded at Antioch. (J. AJ 14.5-7; Bell. Jud. 1.8, 9.) [C.P.M]
Arru'ntius 2. ARRUNTIUS, was also proscribed by the triumvirs in B. C. 43, but escaped to Pompey, and was restored to the state together with Pompey. (Appian, App. BC 4.46; Vell. 2.77.) This is probably the same Arruntius who commanded the left wing of the fleet of Octavianus at the battle of Actium, B. C. 31. (Vell. 2.85; comp. Plut. Ant. 66.) There was a L. Arruntius, consul in B. C. 22 (D. C. 54.1), who appears to be the same person as the one mentioned above, and may perhaps also be the same as the L. Arruntius, the friend of Trebatius, whom Cicero mentions (ad Fam. 7.18) in B. C. 53.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Orodes I. (search)
Arsaces Xiv. or Orodes I. ORODES I., the brother of the preceding, was the Parthian king, whose general Surenas defeated Crassus and the Romans, in B. C. 53. [CRASSUS.] The death of Crassus and the destruction of the Roman army spread universal alarm through the eastern provinces of the Roman empire. Orodes, becoming jealous of Surenas, put him to death, and gave the command of the army to his son Pacorus, who was then still a youth. The Parthians, after obtaining possession of all the country east of the Euphrates, entered Syria, in B. C. 51, with a small force, but were driven back by Cassius. In the following year (B. C. 50) they again crossed the Euphrates with a much larger army, which was placed nominally under the command of Pacorus, but in reality under that of Osaces, an experienced general. They advanced as far as Antioch, but unable to take this city arched against Antigoneia, near which they were defeated by Cassius. Osaces was killed in the battle, and Pacorus thereupon w
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