Named Entity Results, 57 BC

acedonia and Cicero's host at Thessalonica. In return for his kindness Cicero defended him in 54 B.C. , in the Or. pro Plancio. Cf. also Fam. 14.1.3. milites, etc.: the province of Macedonia had been assigned to the consul L. Calpurnius Piso for 57 B.C. , and Cicero feared the coming of his soldiers. Lentulus: elected to the consulship for 57 B.C. Cicero based great hopes upon this man's friendship for him and influence with Pompey. de Metello: Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos was to be the colle57 B.C. Cicero based great hopes upon this man's friendship for him and influence with Pompey. de Metello: Q. Caecilius Metellus Nepos was to be the colleague of Lentulus. He had, as tribune, prevented Cicero, at the close of his Consulship (Fam. 5.2.7), from making the customary speech to the people. Atticus had subsequently brought about a reconciliation. Cf. also Ep. XII.1n. mi Pomponi: cf. Ep. X. n. scribe ad me omnia: a request to be found in almost every letter of this period. Cicero puts more Confidence in the letters of Atticus than in those of his brother Quintus; cf. Att. 3.18.2 Q. frater, homo mirus, qui me tam valde amat, omnia mi

Letter XV: ad Atticum 4.1 Rome, Sept., 57 B.C. Cicero landed at Brundisium Aug. 5, 57 B.C. , after an absence of 16 months (Plut. Cic. 33). He entered Rome Sept. 4, delivered the Oratio post Reditum in the senate Sept. 5, and directly afterwards addressed the people (cf. 5 of this letter); Sept. 7 he proposed a bill in the senate putting Pompey in charge of the corn commission, and after the adjournment of the senate advocated the bill before the people (6). It became a law Sept. 8 (7). re57 B.C. , after an absence of 16 months (Plut. Cic. 33). He entered Rome Sept. 4, delivered the Oratio post Reditum in the senate Sept. 5, and directly afterwards addressed the people (cf. 5 of this letter); Sept. 7 he proposed a bill in the senate putting Pompey in charge of the corn commission, and after the adjournment of the senate advocated the bill before the people (6). It became a law Sept. 8 (7). recte, with safety. tibi absenti: Atticus was in Epirus. cognoram enim: the reason for the congratulation, which is the main thought, is contained in the second infinitive clause, eundem te contulisse; the first infinitive clause, te diligentem, which is concessive, and therefore logically subordinate, is in a free way made codrdinate with the other. nec fortiorem, etc.: inAtt. 3. I 5.4 also Cicero reproaches Atticus for a lack of wisdom and bravery: sedtu tantum lacrimas praebuisti dolori meo.

deposits could be organized. pro Bestia: L. Calpurnius Piso Bestia, the tribune who in 63 B.C. by a speech against Cicero was to give the signal to the Conspirators for active operations (Sall. Cat. 43.1). The oration for Bestia has not been preserved. Cn. Domitium (Calvinum): he supported in later years the cause of Caesar in the Civil War. The last reference to him is in connection with an unsuccessful campaign against Pharnaces in 47 B.C. (Bell. Alex. 65). cum Sestius, etc.: in Jan., 57 B.C. , after many delays a proposition to recall Cicero from exile was laid before the people; but as Clodius had already filled the comitium and the curia with armed men, a riot followed, in which Sestius was seriously wounded. The forces of Cicero's friends had taken up their position at the temple of Castor, on the south side of the Forum; cf. pro Sest. 75 f. prow|konomhsa/mhn brought out in advance. By eulogistic references to Sestius, Cicero wished to pave the way for the oration in his be

n discussed. Tenediorum: the people of Tenedos petitioned the senate for home rule, but were refused. securi Tenedia: tradition states that Tenes, the first king of Tenedos, among other severe regulations, established one punishing adultery with immediate death by the ax, so that securis Tenedia was a proverbial expression for an immediate and severe sentence. In this case of course the phrase effects a word-play with Tenediorum. Bibulum: cf. Ep. VII. 2. Calidium: M. Calidius as praetor in 57 B.C. had worked for Cicero's recall. Favonium: cf. Ep. XV.7n. postulationi: evidently Q. Cicero, when propraetor in Asia, had opposed some exorbitant demand made on the Magnetes by Pansa. Magnesia in Lydia was called Magnesia ab Sipylo to distinguish it from the city of the same name in Caria (Magnesia ad Maeandrum). Pomponio: i.e. Atticus, Quintus's brother-in-law; the business in question was evidently some family matter. Lucreti poemata: St. Jerome in his Chronicle says: L. Lucretius poeta

rs to him (Fam. 7.6-22) prove. Like most of the young men who served upon Caesar's staff in Gaul, Trebatius became his devoted admirer, and followed his fortunes in the Civil War. He was one of the few members of that coterie of young men about Caesar who survived the Civil War and lived to see Rome at peace under Augustus. Horace introduces him as a speaker in Sat. 2.1. me alterum: cf. Ep. XV.7n. quocumque exirem: Pompey had named Cicero as one of his 15 legati on the corn commission in 57 B.C. (Ep. XV. 7), and Cicero would naturally have gone to some province in connection with that matter, but as he preferred to stay at Rome, his place was taken by Quintus, who went to Sardinia (Ep. XVI. 7); or perhaps reference is made to the fact that the province of Spain was assigned to Pompey at the close of his consulship in 55 B.C. , and Cicero may have been invited to accompany him as his legatus, but, as we know, Pompey remained at Rome. dubitatio: Cicero's hesitation to leave Rome was

al. The guilt or innocence of the accused party was, however, decided by a majority of all the iudices, and in this instance there was a majority of four for acquittal. The number of jurors sitting in a trial was determined by the statute under which the charge was brought; the lowest number mentioned is 32, the highest 75 (cf. Madvig, Verf U. Verw. 2.308). Vatinium: P. Vatinius had made himself notorious during his tribuneship as Caesar's agent, but escaped punishment for his misdeeds. In 57 B.C. he failed as a candidate for the aedileship. In 56 B.C. he appeared as a witness against Sestius, whom Cicero was defending, and Cicero attacked him mercilessly. (cf. e.g. pro Sest. 132 ff.; in Vat. Interr.; Fam. 1.9.7; Q. fr. 2.4.1.) The trial here referred to was on an accusation de sodalidis in 54 B.C. Cicero undertook the defense at Caesar's request. For Cicero's explanation of his conduct, cf. Fam. 1.9.19. It is a significant fact that in his letters to Atticus he nowhere mentions

Letter XXXII: ad familiares 13.1 Athens, between June 25 and July 6, 51 B.C. Gaius Memmius was praetor in 58 B.C. , and in 57 B.C. went out as governor of Bithynia, where the poets Catullus and Helvius Cinna were members of his staff (cf. Cat. 10 and 28, and for a sketch of Memmius as an orator, Cic. Brut. 247.) He belonged at that time to the party of the Optimates, but later he became a democrat, and in 54 B.C. was supported by Caesar for the consulship, but having made a disgraceful political bargain with the consuls of that year (Att. 4.15.7), was banished. At this time he was living in Athens, and having become the owner of the garden and of the ruins of the house which had belonged to Epicurus, he proposed to pull the house down in order to put up a dwelling of his own. The Epicureans, greatly distressed, applied to Cicero through Atticus to intercede with Memmius in their behalf. Cicero, although not on the best of terms with Memmius, acceded to their request. Nothing is

umquam.' Quid ego faciam? num potui Ciliciam Aetoliam aut Macedoniam reddere? a me: for mihi, to secure the contrast with te. ad caelum extulisti: it was Cato who bestowed upon Cicero the title pater patriae in 63 B.C. cuidam clarissimo: P. Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, one of Cicero's predecessors in Cilicia. He had secured a triumph in 51 B.C. ; cf. Att. 5.21.4. decerneres: a shorter expression for decernendam censeres. ob eas res: his efforts to secure Cicero's recall from banishment in 57 B.C. non ut multis, etc.: cf. in Cat. 4.20. inimicum meum: with special reference to Clodius. Milonis causa, etc. : cf. Ascon. in Mil. p.53 fuerunt qui crederent M. Catonis sententia eam esse absolutum, nam et studebat in petitione consalatus Miloni et reo adfuerat. orationibus: e.g. pro Mur. 54 M. Cato, homo in omni virtute excellens; pro Sest. 12 M. Cato, fortissimus atque optimus civis; pro Mur. 61 in M. Catone, iudices, haec bona quae videmus divina et egregia, ipsius scitote esse propri