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who reigned in Coele-Syria after Antiochus XII., surnamed Dionysus. He was invited to the kingdom by those who had possession of Damascus. (J. AJ 13.13.3, 15.2.) Subsequently he seems to have been compelled to relinquish Syria; and we next hear of his taking part in the contest between Aristobulus and Hyrcanus for the Jewish crown, though whether this Aretas is the same as the one who ruled over Syria may be doubted. At the advice of Antipater, Hyrcanus fled to Aretas, who invaded Judaea in B. C. 65, in order to place him on the throne, and laid siege to Jerusalem. Aristobulus, however, purchased the intervention of Scaurus and Gabinius, Pompey's legates, who compelled Aretas to raise the siege. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 1.4, 100.2, Bell. Jud. 1.6.2.) [ARISTOBULUS, No. 2.] After Pompey had reduced Syria to the form of a Roman province, he turned his arms against Aretas, B. C. 64, who submitted to him for a time. This expedition against Aretas preceded the war against Aristobulus in Judaea, wh
ing the nine years of his mother's reign he set himself against the party of the Pharisees, whose influence she had restored; and after her death, B. C. 70, he made war against his eldest brother Hyrcanus, and obtained from him the resignation of the crown and the high-priesthood, chiefly through the aid of his father's friends, whom Alexandra had placed in the several fortresses of the country to save them from the vengeance of the Pharisees. (J. AJ 13.16, 14.1.2; Bell. Jud. 1.5, 6.1.) In B. C. 65 Judaea was invaded by Aretas, king of Arabia Petraea, with whom, at the instigation of Antipater the Idumaean, Hyrcanus had taken refuge. By him Aristobulus was defeated in a battle and besieged in Jerusalem but Aretas was obliged to raise the siege by Scaurus and Gabinius, Pompey's lieutenants, whose intervention Aristobulus had purchased. (J. AJ 14.2, 3.2; Bell. Jud. 1.6. §§ 2, 3.) In B. C. 63, he pleaded his cause before Pompey at Damascus, but, finding him disposed to favour Hyrcanus, h
Arto'ces (*)Artw/khs), king of the Iberians, against whom Pompey marched in B. C. 65. Pompey crossed the Cyrnus and defeated Artoces; and when he also crossed the Pelorus, Artoces sent to him his sons as hostages, and concluded a peace with him. (D. C. 37.1, 2; Appian, App. Mith. 103, 117; Flor. 3.5, who calls him Arthoces; Plut. Pomp. 36
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Herodes Atticus or Atticus Herodes (search)
ted him with all the presents he had received during his stay in that city. Atticus enjoyed also the friendship of Caesar and Pompey, Brutus and Cassius, Antony and Octavianus. But the most intimate of all his friends was Cicero, whose correspondence with him, beginning in the year B. C. 68 and continned down to Cicero's death, supplies us with various particulars respecting the life of Atticus, the most important of which are given in the article CICERO. Atticus did not return to Rome till B. C. 65, when political affairs had become more settled; and the day of his departure was one of general mourning among the Athenians, whom he had assisted with loans of money, and benefited in various ways. During his residence at Athens, he purchased an estate at Buthrotum in Epeirus, in which place, as well as at Athens and afterwards at Rome, he spent the greater part of his time, engaged in literary pursuits and commercial undertakings. He died in B. C. 32, at the age of 77, of voluntary star
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Autro'nia Gens of which the only familyname mentioned is PAETUS. Persons of this gens first came into notice in the last century of the republic: the first member of it who obtained the consulship was P. Autronius Paetus, in B. C. 65.
Caesar 15. C. Julius Caesar, the son of No. 14, and the father of the dictator, was praetor, though in what year is uncertain, and died suddenly at Pisae in B. C. 84, while dressing himself, when his son was sixteen years of age. The latter, in his curule aedileship, B. C. 65, exhibited games in his father's honour. (Suet. Jul. 1; Plin. Nat. 7.53. s. 54, 33.3. s. 16.) His wife was Aurelia. [AURELIA.]
o Pompey. At the end of this year, the first Catilinarian conspiracy, as it is called, was formed, in which Caesar is said by some writers to have taken an active part. But this is probably a sheer invention of his enemies in later times, as Caesar had already, through his favour with the people and his connexion with Pompey, every prospect of obtaining the highest offices in the state. He had been already elected to the curule aedileship, and entered upon the office in the following year (B. C. 65), with M. Bibulus as his colleague. It was usual for those magistrates who wished to win the affections of the people, to spend large sums of money in their aedileship upon the public games and buildings; but the aedileship of Caesar and Bibulus surpassed in magnificence all that had preceded it. Caesar was obliged to borrow large sums of money again; he had long since spent his private fortune, and, according to Plutarch, was 1300 talents in debt before he held any public office. Bibulus c
Carri'nas 4. CARRINAS SECUNDUS, a rhetorician of the time of Caligula, by whom he was expelled from Rome for having, by way of exercise, declaimed against tyrants on one occasion. (D. C. 59.20; Juv. 7.204.) He is probably the same as the Secundus Carinas whom Nero, in B. C. 65, sent to Asia and Achaia to plunder those countries, and carry the statues of the gods from thence to Rome. (Tac. Ann. 15.45.) [L.S]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
s then aedile, were deeply involved. (Q. Cic. de pet. Cons. 2, &c.; Asconius in Tog. cand. and in Cornel ; Sall. Catil. 15-18; Liv. Epit. 10]; D. C. 36.27; Sueton. Jul. 9 ; Cic. pro Sulla, 1-24, pro Muren. 38, pro Cael. 4, in Catil. 1.6.) [Comp. p. 540b.] Encouraged rather than disheartened by a failure which had so nearly proved a triumph, and which had so distinctly demonstrated the practicability of such a project, if conducted with common prudence and caution, Catiline was soon after (B. C. 65), left completely unfettered by his acquittal upon trial for extortion, a result secured, it was alleged, by the liberal bribes administered to the accuser as well as to the jury. From this time he seems to have determined to proceed more systematically; to enlist a more numerous body of supporters; to extend the sphere of operations, and to organize a more comprehensive and sweeping scheme of destruction. Accordingly, about the beginning of June, B. C. 64, probably soon after the successf
ANILIUS.] ** Pro C. Fundanio B. C. 66. [FUNDANIUS.] Pro A. Cluentio Avito B. C. 66. [CLUENTIUS.] ** Pro C. Manilio B. C. 65. [MANILIUS.] Pro L. Corvino, B. C. 65. (See Q. Cic. de petit cons. 5.) ** Pro C. Cornelio. Two orations B. C. 65. [CB. C. 65. (See Q. Cic. de petit cons. 5.) ** Pro C. Cornelio. Two orations B. C. 65. [CORNELIUS.] Pro C. Calpurnio Pisone, B. C. 64. [PISO.] ** Oratio in Toga Candida B. C. 64. See above, p. 711b. [CATILINA.] ** Pro Q. Gallio B. C. 64. [GALLIUS.] Orationes Consulares. (Ad Att. 2.1; B. C. 63.)   1. In Senatu, 1st January. * B. C. 65. [CORNELIUS.] Pro C. Calpurnio Pisone, B. C. 64. [PISO.] ** Oratio in Toga Candida B. C. 64. See above, p. 711b. [CATILINA.] ** Pro Q. Gallio B. C. 64. [GALLIUS.] Orationes Consulares. (Ad Att. 2.1; B. C. 63.)   1. In Senatu, 1st January. * 2. De Lege Agraria, Oratio prima, in senatu. } [Rullus.]     De Lege Agraria, Oratio secunda, ad populum.     De Lege Agraria, Oratio tertia, ad populum. ** 3. De L. Roscio Othone. [OTHO.] * 4. Pro C. Rabirio. [RABIRIUS.] ** 5. De Proscript Atticum Libri XVI. A series of 396 epistles addressed to Atticus, of which eleven were written in the years B. C. 68, 67, 65, and 62, the remainder after the end of B. C. 62, and the last in Nov. B. C. 44. (Ad Att. 16.15.) They are for the most par<