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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 2 2 Browse Search
Aristotle, Politics 1 1 Browse Search
Diodorus Siculus, Library 1 1 Browse Search
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Aristotle, Politics, Book 5, section 1306b (search)
the reason for this is not the same in both—since this does cause it to be thought that aristocracy is a form of oligarchy）. And this is most bound to come about when there is a considerable number of people who are proud-spirited on the ground of being equals in virtue （for example the clan called the Maidens' SonsSaid to be descended from irregular unions authorized in order to keep up population during the First Messenian War. They founded Taranto 708 B.C. at Sparta—for they were descended from the Equals—whom the Spartans detected in a conspiracy and sent away to colonize Tarentum）; or when individuals although great men and inferior to nobody in virtue are treated dishonorably by certain men in higher honor （for example Lysander by the kingsKing Pausanias II. checked Lysander after his conquest of Athens in 403 B.C. and King Agesilaus thwarted him on the expedition into Asia Minor in
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XV, Chapter 66 (search)
2.6; Paus. 4.4.2, 31.3 and Strabo 6.3.3. the Messenians were defeated in a war by the Lacedaemonians. This war is said to have lasted twenty years, for the Lacedaemonians had taken an oath not to return to Sparta unless they should have captured Messene. Then it was that the children called partheniaeFrom the union of Spartan "maidens" (hence parqe/niai) with men left behind at Sparta while the bulk of the Spartiatae were fighting in Messene. They settled Tarentum 708 B.C. See Strabo 6.3-4. were born and founded the city of Tarentum. Later, however, while the Messenians were in slavery to the Lacedaemonians, AristomenesMessenian hero of the Second Messenian War, 685-668 B.C. persuaded the Messenians to revolt from the Spartans, and he inflicted many defeats upon the Spartans at the time when the poet TyrtaeusFragments of his marching songs and his poem on good government (*eu)nomi/a) are collected in Edmunds,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phalanthus (search)
Phalanthus （*Fa/lanqos), a Lacedaemonian, son of Aracus, was the founder of Tarentum about B. C. 708. The legend, as collected from Justin, and from Antiochus and Ephorus in Strabo, is as follows. When the Lacedaemonians set forth on their first Messenian war, they bound themselves by an oath not to return home till they had brought the contest to a successful issue. But nine years passed away, and in the tenth wives sent to complain of their state of widowhood, and to point out, as its consequence, that their country would have no new generation of citizens to defend it. By the advice therefore of Aracus, the young men, who had grown up since the beginning of the war, and had never taken the oath, were sent home to become fathers of children by the Spartan virgins; and those who were thus born were called *Parqeni/ai (sons of the maidens). According to Theopompus (ap. Ath. vi. p. 271e, d ; wives to Helots; and, though this statement more probably refers to the second war, it seems l
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Terpander (search)
icus, already referred to, is rendered some-what indefinite by the, at least partly, mythological character of Midas; but, if the date has any historical value at all, it would place Terpander at least as high as Ol. 20, B. C. 700, the date of the death of Midas, according to Eusebius. confirmed by Herodotus (1.14), who makes Midas a little older than Gyges. To the same effect is the testimony of the Lydian historian Xanthus, who lived before Hellanicus, and who placed Terpander at Ol. 18, B. C. 708 (Clem. Alex. Strom. vol. i. p. 398, Potter). Glaucus of Rhegium also, who lived not long after Hellanicus, stated that Terpander was older than Archilochus, and that he came next after those who first composed aulodic music, meaning perhaps Olympus and Clonas; and Plutarch, who quotes this statement (de Mus. iv. p. 1132e.) introduces it with the remark, kai\ toi=s xro/nois de\ sfo/dra palaio/s e)sti, and presently afterwards (5, p. 1133a) he adds, as a general historical tradition (paradi/