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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pius (search)
Pius a surname of several Romans. 1. Of the emperor Antoninus [ANTONINUS]. 2. Of a senator Aurelius, who lived at the commenceenent of the reign of Tiberius (Tac. Ann. 1.75). 3. Of L. Cestius [CESTIUS]. 4. Of Q. Metellus, consul B. C. 80, by whom it was handed down to his adopted son Metellus Scipio. [METELLUS, Nos. 19, 22.]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pompeius Magnus or Pompeius the Great or Cn. Pompeius (search)
the interests of the aristocracy itself. The law was passed with little opposition; for the senate felt that it was worse than useless to contend against Pompey, supported as he was by the popular enthusiasm and by his troops, which were still in the immediate neighbourhood of the city. Later in the same year Pompey also struck another blow at the aristocracy by lending his all-powerful aid to the repeal of another of Sulla's laws. From the time of C. Gracchus (B. C. 123) to that of Sulla (B. C. 80), the joudices had been taken exclusively from the equestrian order; but by one of Sulla's laws they had been chosen during the last ten years from the senate. The corruption and venality of the latter in the administration of justice had excited such general indignation that some change was clamorously demanded by the people. Accordingly, the praetor L. Aurelius Cotta, with the approbation of Pompey, proposed a law by which the judices were to be taken in future from the senatus, equites,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pompeius (search)
Pompeius 24. Cn. Pompeius Magnus, the eldest son of the triumvir [No. 22] by his third wife Mucia, was born between the years B. C. 80 and 75. He accompanied his father in the expedition against the pirates B. C. 67, but he must then have been too young to have taken any part in the war. On the breaking out of the civil war in B. C. 49, he was sent to Alexandria to obtain ships and troops for his father; and after procuring an Egyptian fleet of fifty ships he joined the squadron that was cruising in the Adriatic Sea in B. C. 48. Here he succeeded in taking several of Caesar's vessels off Oricum, and he made an unsuccessful attack upon the town of Lissus. After the defeat of his father at Pharsalia, he was deserted by the Egyptian fleet which he commanded, and he then repaired to the island of Corcyra, where many of the Roman nobles, who had survived the battle, had taken refuge. Here he maintained that, possessing as they did the command of the sea, they ought not to despair of succes
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ptolemaeus (search)
Ptolemaeus （*Ptolemai=os), king of CYPRUS, was the younger brother of Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, being like him an illegitimate son of Ptolemy Lathyrus. Notwithstanding this defect of birth he appears to have been acknowledged as king of Cyprus at the same time that his brother Auletes obtained possession of the throne of Egypt, B. C. 80. But he unfortunately neglected the precaution of making interest at Rome to obtain the confirmation of his sovereignty, and had the farther imprudence to give personal offence to P. Clodius, by neglecting to ransom him when he had fallen into the hands of the Cilician pirates (Strab. xiv. p.684; Appian, App. BC 2.23). He paid dearly for his niggardliness on this occasion, for when Clodius became tribune (B. C. 58), he brought forward a law to deprive Ptolemy of his kingdom, and reduce Cyprus to a Roman province. Cato, who was entrusted with the charge of carrying into execution this nefarious decree, sent to Ptolemy, advising him to submit, and
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
hter of Lathyrus, whom the Alexandrians had already placed on the throne, that Alexander should marry her, and admit her to share the sovereign power. He complied with the letter of this treaty by marrying Cleopatra immediately on his arrival in Egypt, but only nineteen days afterwards caused her to be assassinated: an act of cruelty which aroused the indignation of the Alexandrians, who in consequence rose against their new monarch, dragged him to the gymnasium, and there put him to death, B. C. 80. (Porphyr. apud Euseb. Arm. p. 117; Appian. Mithr. 23, B. C. 1.102 ; Cic. Frag. Or. de rege Alexandr. p. 352, ed. Orell. ; Trog. Pomp. Prolog. xxxix.) Much difficulty and perplexity have arisen in regard to an Alexander king of Egypt, who is alluded to in more than one passage by Cicero, as having bequeathed his dominions by will to the Roman people (Cic. de Leg. agrar. 1.1, 2.16, 17 ; Fr. de reg. Alexandrino, p. 350). It appears that the fact of this bequest was by no means very certain,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
*Ptolemai=os), king of EGYPT, assumed the surnames or titles of NEUS DIONYSUS (*Ne/os *Dio/nusos), but is more commonly known by the appellation of AULETES (the fluteplayer). He was an illegitimate son of Ptolemy Lathyrus, and, on account of his spurious birth, his pretensions to the throne appear to have been altogether passed over at his father's death: but when the assassination of Berenice and the death of Alexander II. had completed the extinction of the legitimate race of the Lagidae (B. C. 80), Ptolemy was proclaimed king by the Alexandrians (Porphyr. apud Euseb. Arm. p. 117). So imperfect is our history of this period that we know nothing concerning the first twenty years of his reign. But of his character in general we are told that he was given up to every kind of vice and debauchery, and his name is associated with those of Philopator and Physcon, as one of the worst rulers of the whole race of the Ptolemies (Strab. xvii. p.796). He appears to have assumed the name of Dionys
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Sex. Roscius 2 SEX. ROSCIUS, of Ameria, a town in Umbria, now Amelia, was accused of the murder of his father in B. C. 80, and was defended by Cicero in an oration which is still extant, and which was the first that the orator delivered in a criminal cause. The following are the circumstances under which the prosecution arose. Sex. Roscius had a father of the same name, who was one of the most wealthy citizens of Ameria. The father bore an unblemlished character, but had for certain reasons incurred the enmity of two of his relations and fellow-towvnsmen, T. Roscius Magnus and T. Roscius Capito, who not onlly hated the person, but coveted the wealth of their neighbour. Sextus frequently visited Rome, where he lived on terms of intimacy with Metellus, Servilius, and other Roman nobles. On one of these visits to the capital he was assassinated near the Palatine baths, as he was returning in the evening from a banquet. His enemy, Magnus, who was at Rome at the time, and who had doubtless
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sci'pio (search)
Sci'pio 26. P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, son of No. 25, praetor B. C. 94, is mentioned by Cicero as one of the advocates of Sex. Roscius of Ameria. He married Licinia, the second daughter of L. Crassus, the orator. (Cic. pro Sex. Rosc. 28, Brut. 58.) He had two sons, both of whom were adopted, one by his maternal grandfather L. Crassus in his testament, and is therefore called L. Licinius Crassus Scipio [CRASSUS, No. 26]; and the other by Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius, consul B. C. 80, and is therefore called Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio. This Scipio became the father-in-law of Cn. Pompey the triumvir, and fell in Africa in B. C. 46. His life is given elsewhere. [METELLUS, No. 22.]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
end him on all occasions. Plutarch's life of Sertorius is written something in the style of a romance; but his story of the fawn, and of the use which Sertorius made of it, contains nothing improbable, if we consider the character of the man and his circumstances. The story of the fawn is also supported by the testimony of Frontinus (Stratag. 1.11.13). His first exploit was the defeat of Cotta, the legate of Luscus, in a sea-fight in or near the Straits of Gibraltar (Plut. Sertor. 12). In B. C. 80, Sulla sent L. Domitius Ahenobarbus to take the command against Sertorius in Nearer Spain, and Fufidius in Further Spain. Fufidius was defeated by Sertorius with great loss on the banks of the Guadalquivr. Sertorius was now strengthened by the accession of many Romans who had been proscribed by Sulla; and this not only added to his consideration, but brought him many good officers. The dictator Sulla appointed, as governor of Spain for the following year, B. C. 79, his colleague in the cons
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sulla (search)
hoped to place the government of the republic on a firm and secure basis. He had no intention of abolishing the republic, and consequently he caused consuls to be elected for the following year, B. C. 81, and was elected to the office himself in B. C. 80, while he continued to hold the dictatorship. At the beginning of the following year, B. C. 81, Sulla celebrated a splendid triumph on account of his victory over Mithridates. In a speech which he delivered to the people at the close of the gomaster; and among other marks of distinction which were voted to him by the obsequious senate, a gilt equestrian statue was erected to his honour before the Rostra, bearing the inscription " Cornelio Sullae Imperatori Felici." During the years B. C. 80 and 79, Sulla carried into execution his various reforms in the constitution, of which an account is given at the close of his life. But at the same time he adopted measures in order to crush his enemies more completely, and to consolidate the p
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