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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 6 6 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 3 3 Browse Search
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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
he greatest engineering works of antiquity. It was constructed of timber resting upon stone piers. Each span consisted of three rows of concentric arches, united by bindingpieces formed upon each division; these abutted upon timbers radiating with the curve, which were framed into heads and sills, again strengthened by braces and struts; the joists which carried the floor traversed the bridge, and rested upon strong plates laid upon the timber arches. Apollodorus was the architect, A. D. 105. The bridge was 4,770 feet long. The foundation was made by sinking large barges filled with stones, lime, and sand, and filling in the interstices with bags of similar material. On these the piers were built. The bridge had 20 semicircular arches of 180 feet 5 inches span. Their springings were 46 feet above the general level of the river. The piers were 150 feet high above their foundations, 64 feet thick, 85 feet 3 inches wide. The bridge was 60 feet wide. It was destroyed by H
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
Augustus and finished by Tiberius, as its inscription indicates, still exists at Rimini. Others, some of which are yet in service, constructed by that remarkable people, are found, touched to a greater or less degree by the hand of time, in different parts of the former Roman Empire. Their stability, no doubt, was in great part due to the massive character of their foundations, as the builders, not employing the coffer-dam, used immense quantities of stone. (See coffer-dam.) Trajan (A. D. 105) built a magnificent bridge across the Danube at Gladova; it was 4,770 feet long, and consisted of 22 wooden arches, resting on 23 stone piers. It was destroyed by Hadrian, to prevent the incursions of the Dacians. See b, Fig. 924. The first stone bridge in England was Bow Bridge, built in 1118. The bridges of the Middle Ages also possess great durability, as those remaining attest. Their piers were founded on piles, the spaces between which were filled in with stone, necessitating,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
paper of various degrees of fineness and depressed by springs. Wood, Pres-er-va′tion of. Seasoned timber is but little liable to decay under the influence of a dry atmosphere, and will resist decomposition for an indefinite period, when kept totally submerged in the water. The piles of old London Bridge, driven 800 years before, were found to he in good condition when the new bridge was erected in 1829, and those which served as the foundation for Trajan's bridge over the Danube, A. D. 105, are said to be still visible at low stages of water. Probably the oldest timber in the world which has been subjected to the use of man is that which is found in the ancient temples of Egypt. It is found as dowel-pins, in connection with stone-work which is known to be at least 4,000 years old. These dowels appear to be of tamarisk, or chittim-wood, of which the ark is said to have been constructed, — a sacred tree in ancient Egypt, and now very rarely found in the valley of the Nile.