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again embarked for his viceroyalty, accompanied by a numerous train of adventurers; and, as he was never more heard of, he may have perished at sea. Can it be a matter of surprise, that, for the next fifty 1550 to 1600. years, no further discoveries were attempted by the government of a nation, which had become involved in the final struggle of feudalism against the central power of the monarch, of Calvinism against the ancient religion of France? The colony of Huguenots at the 1562 to 1567. South sprung from private enterprise; a government which could devise the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572. Aug. 24. was neither worthy nor able to found new states. At length, under the mild and tolerant reign of Henry IV., the star of France emerged from the clouds of blood, treachery, and civil war, which had so long eclipsed her glory. The number and importance of the fishing stages had increased; in 1578 there were one 1578 hundred and fifty French vessels at Newfoundland, and re
s assisted humanity by giving to the crime of Melendez an infamous notoriety. The first town in the United States sprung from the unrelenting bigotry of the Spanish king. We admire the rapid growth of our larger cities; the sudden transformation of portions of the wilderness into blooming states. St. Augustine presents a stronger contrast, in its transition from the bigoted policy of Philip II. to the American principle of religious liberty. The Huguenots and the French nation did not 1567. share the indifference of the court. Dominic de Gourgues—a bold soldier of Gascony, whose life had been a series of adventures, now employed in the army against Spain, now a prisoner and a galley-slave among the Spaniards, taken by the Turks with the vessel in which he rowed, and redeemed by the commander of the knights of Malta—burned with a desire to avenge his own wrongs and the honor of his country. The sale of his property, and the contributions of his friends, furnished the means of
the mistress of the northern seas, and prepared to extend its commerce to every clime. The queen strengthened her navy, filled her arsenals, and encouraged the building of ships in England: she animated the adventurers to Russia and to Africa by her special protection; and while her subjects were en- 1561 to 1568. deavoring to penetrate into Persia by land, and enlarge their commerce with the East Eden and Willes. The Voyages of Persia, traveled by the Merchantes of London, &c. in 1561, 1567, 1568, fol. 321, and ff. by combining the use of ships and caravans, the harbors of Spanish America were at the same time visited by their privateers in pursuit of the rich galleons of Spain, and at least from thirty to fifty English ships came annually to the bays 14-8 and banks of Newfoundland. Parkhurst, in Hakluyt, III. 171 The possibility of effecting a north-west passage had Chap. III.} ever been maintained by Cabot. The study of geography had now become an interesting pursuit
artwright's Second Reply—Weretykes oughte to be put to breathe nowe. If this be bloudie, and extreme, I am contente to be so counted in the holie Goste. p. 115. I denie that uppon repentance ther oughte to allow me any pardon of deathe. p. 116. The magistrates which punish murther and are lose in punishing the breaches of the first table, be-gonne at the wronge end. p. 117. The writer continues, displaying intense and consistent bigotry. At length, a separate congregation was formed; im- 1567 June mediately the government was alarmed; and the leading men and several women were sent to Bride- Chap. VIII.} well for a year. In vain did the best statesmen favor moderation; the queen herself was impatient of sectarianism, as the nursery of rebellion. Once, when Edwin Sandys, then bishop of London, was named as 1574. a secret favorer of Puritanism, he resented the imputation of lenity as a false accusation and malignant calumny of some incarnate, never-sleeping devil. It is true t