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H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 13: permanent fortifications.—Historical Notice of the progress of this Art.—Description of the several parts of a Fortress, and the various Methods of fortifying a position (search)
lves as engineers under the Spaniards. The fortifications of Badajos are a good example of the state of the art in Italy and Spain at that epoch. The citadel of Antwerp, built by two Italian engineers, Pacciotti and Cerbelloni, in 1568, has become celebrated for the siege it sustained in 1832. The age of Louis XIV. effected a great revolution in the art of fortification, and carried it to such a degree of perfection, that it has since received but slight improvement. The years 1633 and 1634 are interesting dates in the history of this art, as having given birth respectively to Vauban and Coehorn. The former was chief engineer of France under Louis XIV., and the latter held a corresponding position under the Dutch republic. Coehorn's ideas upon fortification are conceived with an especial view to the marshy soil of his own country, and, although well suited to the object in view, are consequently of less general application than those of his more distinguished cotemporary and r
to land; and probably each one received his due. The grant was not confirmed to Mr. Cradock till 1634. The sales of land, after his death, to Edward Collins, Jonathan Wade, Richard Russell, Peter Tus we find the following names of men represented as at Medford:-- George Felt1633. James Noyes1634. Richard Berry1636. Thomas Mayhew1636. Benjamin Crisp1636. James Garrett1637. John Smith1638ee History of the Indians.) Mr. Wm. Wood, who resided some years in the Colony, published, in 1634, the following description of Medford:-- Towards the north-west of this bay is a great creek, . Cradock built it. There is every reason to believe that it was commenced early iu the spring of 1634. Clay was known to abound; and bricks were made in Salem in 1629. Mr. Cradock made such an outlaion, the inference is clear, that the old fort, so called, was Governor Cradock's house, built in 1634. It is an invaluable historical jewel. It has been called the Fort and the Garrison house, be
620; Salem, 1629 ; Charlestown, 1629; Boston, 1630; Medford or Mystic, 1630; Watertown, 1630; Roxbury, 1630; Dorchester, 1630 ; Cambridge or Newton, 1633; Ipswich, 1634; Concord, 1635; Hingham, 1635; Newbury, 1635; Scituate, 1636; Springfield, 1636; Duxbury, 1637; Lynn, 1637; Barnstable, 1639; Taunton, 1639; Woburn, 1642; Malden, . We have wondered why it has not always been called by his name. The celebrated Rev. James Noyes became the pastor and teacher of the inhabitants of Medford in 1634. If having a Christian minister, resident and laboring in a town, completed the idea of township in those days, then Medford surely had every thing required in thch laws could not be enforced except by a proper civil authority; and such authority every thing proves to have existed. Mr. Cradock's grants were not made till 1634-5; but Medford was taxed, as other towns, in 1630. Here, therefore, were four or five years in which it acted as an incorporated town before Mr. Cradock came into
pter 6: ecclesiastical history. The history of their church, in many of our earliest New England towns, was almost the history of their settlement. So early as 1634, our fathers procured a preacher, Mr. James Noyes, afterwards minister of Newbury. He was born in England in 1608, educated at Oxford, came to Boston in 1634, and1634, and was immediately called to preach at Mistic, which he did for nearly one year. He was much beloved and respected,--a very holy and heavenly-minded man. He was a man of singular qualifications, a reaching and ready apprehension, and a most profound judgment. He was courageous in dangers, and still apt to believe the best, and mad They were against the moral law, not only as a covenant of life, but as a rule of moral conduct. Mrs. Anne Hutchinson brought the controversy from England here in 1634. The Colonists went for the law, and were called Legalists. The heat on one side for the covenant of grace, and on the other for the covenant of works, caused pol
was made by the officers of said plantation or town; and the following order, from the general government, attests to the ideas of right universally existing:-- 1634, May 14: It is further ordered, that, in all rates and public charges, the towns shall have respect to levy every man according to his estate, and with considerati in May, 1634, it is ordered, that hereafter all men shall be rated, in all rates, for their whole ability, wheresoever it lies. In a general levy of £ 600, in 1634, Meadford paid £ 26; Charlestown, £ 45. In 1635, in a levy of £ 200, Meadford paid £ 10, and Charlestown £ 16. Keeping about these proportions, Medford paid its shte, one penny on the pound. The above data show how heavily or lightly Medford was taxed during the first ten years of its history. The grants of land made, in 1634, by the General Court, to Rev. Mr. Wilson, of Boston, Mathew Cradock, Esq., of London, and Mr. J. Nowell, were exempted from taxation; and, as some of them laid wi<
than Porter d. Nov., 1817.  1Raymond, William, is said to have emigrated with two brothers, Richard and William, and to have been concerned in lands held under John Mason, in N. H.; and lived at Portsmouth, 1631. Of these, Richard was freeman, 1634: John d. Jan. 18, 1703, aged 87; and William was of Salem, 1648, afterwards of Beverly, where he was representative, 1685 and 1686. He was a captain of Beverly troops, and had, for his services, a grant of land, where Dunbarton, N. H., now is. Hearoline A., b. Dec. 5, 1847; d. Nov., 1848.  61Abbott L., b. Aug. 19, 1849; d. Nov. 13, 1854.  62Edward P., b. Nov. 19, 1851.  63Caroline M., b. Mar. 28, 1855.  1Wade, Jonathan, was one of the early settlers at Ipswich, where he was freeman, 1634. His second wife was Mrs. Dorothy Buckley, whom he m. Dec. 9, 1660; and his third wife, Susannah----, d. Nov. 29, 1678. He had two bros., Nathaniel and Thomas. He d. Dec., 1683, leaving--  1-2Jonathan, b. 1637.  3Nathaniel.  4Thomas.  5
Corrigenda. Page 41.Samuel Cradock was clerk of Thissleton, not elder of Chapleton. Page 502.There is evidently an error in the record of George Blanchard's death. The date probably refers to his father, or other relative. Page 506.Thomas Brooks had lot assigned 1634, not 1631. Page 506.Hannah, second wife of Caleb Brooks (No. 1-3), was born March 5, 1644. Page 518.John Hall (No. 2-10) married Jemima, daughter of Captain Joseph Sill. Page 519.Percival Hall was not representative to Provincial Congress, as he died twenty-two years previously. Page 538.Mr. Savage declines the responsibility of more than the early part of the record of the Royalls. Page 538.The wife of Isaac Royall (No. 2-5) was buried from the house of Dr. Oliver, at Dorchester; which strengthens the probability of her first marriage. He had a daughter Elizabeth, born 1741; died July 9, 1747. Page 538.Colonel Royall (No. 5-11) had a daughter, who married George Erving, of Boston. He (Colonel R.) die
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Agawam, (search)
Agawam, The Indian name of Ipswich, Mass.; settled in 1633; incorporated under the present name in 1634. See Boston; Massachusetts.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Baltimore, Lords. (search)
rter, which was nearly the same in form as all charters then granted (see Maryland). It conferred on the proprietor absolute ownership of the territory, and also the civil and ecclesiastical power of a feudal nature. Entire exemption from taxation was conceded to the colonists. As an acknowledgment that the original title to the land was still in the possession of the crown, the proprietor was required to pay to the King the tribute of two Indian arrows. Cecil was a member of Parliament in 1634, but mingled very little in public affairs afterwards. He never came to America, but managed his province by deputies forty-three years. His course towards the colonists was generally wise and conciliatory, because it was profitable to be so. In religion and politics he was very flexible, being quite indifferent to either, and he did very little for the religious and intellectual cultivation of the colonists. Negattively good, he was regarded with great respect by all parties, even by the I
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bellingham, Richard, 1592- (search)
Bellingham, Richard, 1592- Colonial governor; born in England in 1592. Bred a lawyer, he came to America in 1634, and was chosen deputy governor of Massachusetts the next year. He was elected governor, in opposition to Winthrop, in 1641. He was rechosen in 1654, and in 1666, after the death of Governor Endicott, continuing in office the rest of his life. His administration was a somewhat stormy one. Bellingham was so opposed to all innovations in religious matters that he was severe in his conduct towards the Friends, or Quakers. He died Dec. 7, 1672.
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