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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fine Arts, the. (search)
out to struggle for, in the development of every department of the fine arts, of which Dean Berkeley had a prophetic glimpse when he wrote: There shall be sung another Golden Age, The rise of empires and of arts, The good and great, inspiring epic rage, The wisest heads and noblest hearts. The first painter who found his way to America professionally was John Watson, a Scotchman, who was born in 1685. He began the practice of his art at Perth Amboy, then the capital of New Jersey, in 1715, where he purchased land and built houses. He died at an old age. John Smybert (q. v.) came with Dean Berkeley in 1728, and began portrait-painting in Newport, R. I. Nathan Smybert, an amiable youth, began the practice of painting, but died young in 1757. During John Smybert's time there were Blackburn in Boston and Williams of Philadelphia who painted portraits These were all Englishmen. The first American painter was Benjamin West (q. v.), who spent a greater part of his life in England,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fowle, Daniel 1715-1787 (search)
Fowle, Daniel 1715-1787 Printer; born in Charlestown. Mass., in 1715; learned the art of printing, and began business in Boston in 1740, where, from 1748 to 1750, he was joint partner with Gamaliel Rogers in publishing the Independent Advertiser. They had published the American magazine from 1743 to 1746, and were the first in America to print the New Testament. Mr. Fowle settled in Portsmouth, N. H.; and there, in October, 1756, began the publication of the New Hampshire gazette. He drn in Charlestown. Mass., in 1715; learned the art of printing, and began business in Boston in 1740, where, from 1748 to 1750, he was joint partner with Gamaliel Rogers in publishing the Independent Advertiser. They had published the American magazine from 1743 to 1746, and were the first in America to print the New Testament. Mr. Fowle settled in Portsmouth, N. H.; and there, in October, 1756, began the publication of the New Hampshire gazette. He died in Portsmouth, N. H., in June, 1787.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Habeas corpus, (search)
he King's bench or common pleas, which shall determine whether his committal be just. This act (founded on the old common-law) is next in importance to magna charta. Parliament may suspend the habeas corpus act for a specified time in great emergency. Then the nation parts with a portion of liberty to secure its permanent welfare, and suspected persons may then be arrested without cause assigned.-Blackstone. Act suspended for a short time.1689, 1696, 1708 Suspended for Scots' Rebellion1715-16 Suspended for twelve months1722 Suspended for Scots' Rebellion1744-45 Suspended for American War1777-79 Again by Mr. Pitt, owing to French Revolution1794 Suspended in Ireland in the great rebellion1798 Suspended in EnglandAug. 28, 1799, and April 14, 1801 Again, on account of Irish insurrection1803 Again, on alleged secret meetingsFeb. 21, 1817 Bill to restore habeas corpus introduced Jan. 28, 1818 Suspended in Ireland (insurrection)July 24, 1848 Restored thereMarch 1, 1849 Su
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Harrington, Timothy 1715-1795 (search)
Harrington, Timothy 1715-1795 Clergyman; born in Waltham, Mass., in 1715; became a Congregational pastor in 1741. It is of him that the amusing story is told that, having always been in the habit of praying for our gracious sovereign King George before the Revolutionary War, after the war broke out he at one time, through habit, uttered the accustomed prayer, but hastily added, O Lord, I mean George Washington! He died in Lancaster, Mass., Dec. 18, 1795. Harrington, Timothy 1715-1795 Clergyman; born in Waltham, Mass., in 1715; became a Congregational pastor in 1741. It is of him that the amusing story is told that, having always been in the habit of praying for our gracious sovereign King George before the Revolutionary War, after the war broke out he at one time, through habit, uttered the accustomed prayer, but hastily added, O Lord, I mean George Washington! He died in Lancaster, Mass., Dec. 18, 1795.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hart, Albert Bushnell 1854- (search)
the banks of the Kentucke River. In 1803 to 1806, across the Mississippi Valley, all the way from Washington to the farthest wall of the Rocky Mountains, passed Lewis and Clark, first of white men to find the road from the waters of the Mississippi to the waters of the Columbia. On Aug. 12, 1805, they reached the point where one of the party bestrode the Missouri River, up which they had labored so many months, and just beyond was the long-sought western rim of the valley. From the year 1715, when France and England went mad over a Mississippi bubble, down to the present time, the Mississippi has been a household word throughout the civilized world. Ships of Marseilles, ships of Bordeaux, ships of Bremen, ships of Liverpool, set their course for the mouth of the Mississippi, that they may bring eager immigrants into the promised land; and the stolid peasant in Bohemia or Hungary lays down his guldens for a slip of pasteboard upon which are printed the talismanic words New York—S
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Herkimer, Nicholas (search)
Herkimer, Nicholas Military officer; born about 1715 or 1720; was the son of a palatine who settled on a tract called Burnet's Field, now in Herkimer county, N. Y. Nicholas was made a lieutenant of provincials in 1758, and was in command at Fort Herkimer during the attack of the French and Indians upon it that year. In 1775 he was appointed colonel of the 1st Battalion of Tryon county militia. He was also chairman of the county committee of safety; and in September, 1776, he was made brigadier-general by the provincial convention of New York. He commanded the Tryon county militia in the battle at Oriskany (Aug. 6, 1777), where he was severely wounded in the leg by a bullet, and he bled to death in consequence of defective surgery, Aug. 16, 1777. On Oct. 4 following the Continental Congress voted the erection of a monument to his memory of the value of $500. This amount was many years afterwards increased by Congress, private subscriptions, and the New York legislature to more
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, Sir William 1715-1774 (search)
Johnson, Sir William 1715-1774 Military officer; born in Smithtown, County Meath, Ireland, in 1715; was educated for a merchant, but an unfortunate love affair changed the tenor of his life. He came to Sir William Johnson. America in 1738 to take charge of landed property of his uncle, Admiral Sir Peter Warren, in the region of the Mohawk Valley, and seated himself there, about 24 miles west of Schenectady, engaging in the Indian trade. Dealing honestly with the Indians and learning t1715; was educated for a merchant, but an unfortunate love affair changed the tenor of his life. He came to Sir William Johnson. America in 1738 to take charge of landed property of his uncle, Admiral Sir Peter Warren, in the region of the Mohawk Valley, and seated himself there, about 24 miles west of Schenectady, engaging in the Indian trade. Dealing honestly with the Indians and learning their language, he became a great favorite with them. He conformed to their manners, and, in time, took Mary, a sister of Brant, the famous Mohawk chief, to his home as his wife. When the French and Indian War broke out Johnson was made sole superintendent of Indian affairs, and his great influence kept the Six Nations steadily from any favoring of the French. He kept the frontier from injury until the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748). In 1750 he was a member of the provincial council. He
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnston, William 1780- (search)
Johnston, William 1780- Revolutionist; born in Canada, in 1780; was an American spy on the Canada frontier during the War of 1812-15. He was living at Clayton, N. Y., on the bank of the St. Lawrence, when the patriot war in Canada broke out in 1837. Being a bold and adventurous man, and cordially hating the British, Johnston was easily persuaded by the American sympathizers in the movement to join in the strife. The leaders regarded him as a valuable assistant, for he was thoroughly acquainted with the whole region of the Thousand Islands, in the St. Lawrence, from Kingston to Ogdensburg. He was employed to capture the steamboat Robert Peel, that carried passengers and the mail between Prescott and Toronto, and also to seize the Great Britain, another steamer, for the use of the patriots. With a desperate band, Johnston rushed on board of the Peel at Wells's William Johnston. Island, not far below Clayton, on the night of May 29, 1838. They were armed with muskets and bayo
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Keith, George 1645- (search)
Keith, George 1645- Clergyman: born in Aberdeen, Scotland, about 1645; belonged to the Society of Friends: came to East Jersey; was surveyor-general in 1682; and in 1689 taught school in Philadelphia. He wrote and spoke much in favor of the Quakers, and visited New England in their interest; but about 1691 he established a sect who called themselves Christian Quakers. Keith was irritable, quarrelsome, and imperious. He finally left the Quakers altogether; took orders in the Church of England; and died rector of Edburiton. Sussex. England, in 1715.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Light-house, (search)
Light-house, A structure built on the coast or shore of navigable waters, and furnished for the purpose of indicating a point of danger or to serve as a guide. The following is a brief summary of lighthouses in the United States: First coast light erected in1673 First light-house built on Little Brewster Island, Boston Harbor1715-16 The United States government accepted cession of all light-housesAug. 7, 1789 Control vested in commissioner of the revenueMay, 1792 Restored to Secretary of TreasuryApril 6, 1802 Vested again in the commissionerJuly 24, 1813 Vested in the fifth auditor of the treasuryJuly 1, 1820 Naval commission on light-house appointed in1837 Congressional investigation of light-house management, resulting in improvements1838-43 Navy commission sent to inspect European systems in1845 Fresnel system authorizedMarch 3, 1851 First light-house board appointedMay 21, 1851 Fresnel system generally introduced in1852 Permanent light-house board authorized
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