hide Matching Documents

The documents where this entity occurs most often are shown below. Click on a document to open it.

Document Max. Freq Min. Freq
Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 68 68 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 50 50 Browse Search
Benjamin Cutter, William R. Cutter, History of the town of Arlington, Massachusetts, ormerly the second precinct in Cambridge, or District of Menotomy, afterward the town of West Cambridge. 1635-1879 with a genealogical register of the inhabitants of the precinct. 17 17 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 7 7 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 3, 15th edition. 7 7 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 6 6 Browse Search
Charles A. Nelson , A. M., Waltham, past, present and its industries, with an historical sketch of Watertown from its settlement in 1630 to the incorporation of Waltham, January 15, 1739. 4 4 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 2 2 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 2 2 Browse Search
the Rev. W. Turner , Jun. , MA., Lives of the eminent Unitarians 2 2 Browse Search
View all matching documents...

Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1742 AD or search for 1742 AD in all documents.

Your search returned 6 results in 6 document sections:

sage went for what he wanted to the proper mart of science: for not only Pythagoras studied astronomy at Heliopolis, where it was professed with the greatest eclat; but Eudoxus got his geometry at Memphis, whose priests were the most profound mathematicians; and Solon was instructed in civil wisdom at Sais, whose patron deity being Minerva (as we are told by Herodotus and Strabo), shows polities to have been there in most request. Warburton's Divine Legation of Moses, Vol. I. Book II., ed. 1742. The earliest observations in Babylon were 2234 B. C. Of their instruments we have no record: dials and zodiacal circles probably. The invention of the zodiac is by many experts credited to the Egyptians, and the reasons cited are entitled to high consideration. It is of high antiquity, and if pre-Egyptian was derived from the Orientals. Mazzaroth, cited in Job XXXVIII. 31, 32, probably referred to zodiacal division. One of the earliest instruments on record is that in the Memnonium
in 1684, was instrumental in the practical application of the micrometer to instruments. He early adapted the telescope to the measurement of angles, and determined with reasonable correctness the length of a degree, which he measured by means of an odometer (which see). Roemer, in 1678, suggested the divided objectglass micrometer, which was more perfectly adapted by Bouguer, seventy years afterwards. Boscovich, in 1740, invented the circular micrometer, which was used by Lecaille in 1742, and Olbers, 1798, and improved by Frauenhofer. Ramsden, about 1780, suggested the use of cobwebs as a fine filament substitute for wire. It has been credited to Troughton. A substitute for the spider-line micrometer, over which it possesses many advantages, is formed of a thin plate of glass on which equidistant parallel lines are ruled by means of a diamond-point. Spiderlines are liable to become displaced or to become relaxed in consequence of the hygrometric conditions of the atmo
he longitude was derived from dead reckoning or guess-work. The telescope was adapted to the astronomical telescope by Picard. All these old forms were superseded for nautical purposes by the reflecting quadrant, invented by Sir Isaac Newton, 1670. He communicated the invention to Dr. Halley, who failed to give it publicity, and it was reinvented by Godfrey of Philadelphia, and also by Hadley in England. An instrument constructed on Hadley's plan was submitted to the Royal Society in 1742, and from having been first made known by Hadley, the reflecting quadrant has been generally called Hadley's. This and all similar reflecting instruments are based on the fact that the angle between the first and last directions of a ray which has undergone two reflections in the same plane is equal to twice the inclination of the reflecting surfaces to each other. Such instruments, therefore, measure angles double the extent of their are, the degrees and subdivisions being halved; thus,
a rampart, and sometimes to an outwork for the defense of the main work. Ram′rod. A rod of wood or metal, used for forcing the charge to the bottom of a gun-barrel, and also with a wiper or ball-screw attached, for cleansing the interior of the barrel and for withdrawing a charge. It is held to the gun by thimbles or by grooves in the band and a corresponding groove in the stock. Wooden ones are now only used for sporting arms. The iron ramrod did not supersede the wooden one until 1742. It was introduced into the Prussian army by Prince Leopold, of Anhalt-Dessau. The United States service ramrod, used prior to the introduction of breechloaders, is made of steel. Its parts are:— The stem.The thread. The head.The cap. The cup. It generally is made with a swell, to keep it in place; but in some patterns a spring in the stock serves this purpose, and the swell is dispensed with. Ramrods, in the large gun-factories, are made by machinery. In the case of wooden
oaches appear to have been introduced into Britain by Henry Anderson, who, about 1610, brought them from Stralsund, Pomerania, and was granted a patent for the privilege of running them between Edinburgh and Leith. Some fourteen or fifteen years afterward they had become known in England. In 1659 the Coventry coach is referred to, and in 1661 the Oxford coach, which took two days to reach London (55 miles). In 1669 an Oxford coach ran from London to Oxford in thirteen hours, in summer. In 1742, however, the Oxford stage was still two days on the road. In 1662, owing perhaps to the revolution, there were but six coaches on all the roads in the country, among them one to Aylesbury, next year one to St. Albans. In 1672 they appear to have become so numerous that one John Cresset wrote against them as being mischievous to the public, destructive to trade, and prejudicial to land; they destroyed the breed of good horses, hindered the breed of good watermen, and encouraged the gentry t
d 32°. Reaumur, about 1730, using spirits of wine, adopted the freezing and boiling points as the two standard points of his scale, the space between these was divided into 80°, and the former was assumed as the zero from which the graduations were extended in each direction. De Luc introduced mercury instead of the spirits of wine. This thermometer was in use in France until the revolution of 1789, but is now generally superseded by the Centigrade. Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, in 1742 divided the space between the freezing and boiling points into 100°; this thermometer, known in the North of Europe by his name, and elsewhere as the Centigrade, is that in common use on the Continent of Europe, and is very generally employed in scientific investigations elsewhere. Fahrenheit's is almost wholly confined to the United States, Holland, and to Great Britain and her colonics. Delisle's thermometer, used to some extent in Russia, has its zero at the boiling-point, and is gr