Named Entity Results, 1763 AD

Emmet, Thomas Addis, 1763-1827 Patriot; born in Cork, Ireland, April 24, 1763; graduated at Trinity College, Dublin; first studied medicine, and then law, and was admitted to the Dublin bar in 1791. He became a leader of the Association of United Irishmen, and was one of a general committee whose ultimate object was to secure the freedom of Ireland from British rule. With many of his associates, he was arrested in 1798, and for more than two years was confined in Fort George, Scotland. His brother Robert, afterwards engaged in the same cause, was hanged in Dublin in 1803. Thomas was liberated and banished to France after the treaty of Amiens, the severest penalties being pronounced against him if he should return to Great Britain. His wife was permitted to join him, on condition that she should never again set foot on British soil. He came to the United States in 1804, and became very eminent in his profession in the city of New York. He was made attorneygeneral of the St

Estaing, Charles Henry Theodat, Count Da, 1729- Naval officer; born in Auvergne, France, in 1729; guillotined in Paris, April 28, 1794; was colonel of a French Charles Henry Theodat D'estaing. regiment in 1748; brigadier-general in 1756; and served in the French fleet after 1757, joining the East India squadron under Count Lally. Made lieutenantgeneral in 1763 and vice-admiral in 1778, he was sent to America with a strong naval force to assist the patriots, arriving in Delaware Bay in July, 1778. As soon as his destination became known in England, a British fleet, under Admiral Byron, was sent to follow him across the Atlantic. It did not arrive at New York until late in the season. Byron proceeded to attack the French fleet in Boston Harbor. His vessels were dispersed by a storm, and D'Estaing, his ships perfectly refitted, sailed (Nov. 1, 1778) for the West Indies, then, as between England and France, the principal seat of war. On the same day 5,000 British troops saile

Fanning, Edmund -1818 Jurist; born on Long Island, N. Y., in 1737; graduated at Yale College in 1757, and settled as a lawyer in Hillsboro, N. C., where he became popular, and was made colonel of Orange county (1763) and clerk of the Supreme Court (1765). He was also a member of the legislature, and married the daughter of Governor Tryon. He became rapacious, and by his exorbitant legal fees made himself very obnoxious to the people. Their hatred was increased by his energetic exertions in suppressing the Regulator movement (see Regulators). He fled to New York with Governor Tryon to avoid the consequences of popular indignation. He was appointed surveyor-general of North Carolina in 1774. In 1776 he raised and led a force called the King's American Regiment of Foot. After the Revolution he went to Nova Scotia, where he became a councillor and lieutenant-governor in September, Edmund Fanning. 1783, and from 1786 to 1805 was governor of Prince Edward's Island. He rose to

Flathead Indians, A division of the Choctaw (q. v.) tribe; named because of their habit of compressing the heads of their male infants; also the name of a branch of the Salishan stock. The former division were engaged on both sides in the French and Indian contests ending in 1763. The second branch lived in British Columbia, Montana, Washington, and Oregon. In 1900 five branches of the Choctaw division were located at the Flathead agency in Montana, on a reservation comprising nearly 1,500,000 acres, and numbered 1,998.

city of St. Augustine was founded in 1565, and was captured by Sir Francis Drake in 1586. The domain of Florida, in those times, extended indefinitely westward, and included Louisiana. La Salle visited the western portion in 1682, and in 1696 Pensacola was settled by Spaniards. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the English in the Carolinas attacked the Spaniards at St. Augustine; and, subsequently, the Georgians, under Oglethorpe, made war upon them. By the treaty of Paris, in 1763, Florida was exchanged by the Spaniards, with Great Britain, for Cuba, which had then recently been conquered by England. Soon afterwards, they divided the territory into east and west Florida, the Appalachicola River being the boundary line. Natives of Greece, Italy, and Minorca were induced to settle there, at a place called New Smyrna, about 60 miles south of St. Augustine, to the number of 1,500, where they engaged in the cultivation of indigo and the sugar-cane; but, becoming dissat

Fouchet, Jean Antoine Joseph, Baron 1763- Diplomatist; born in St. Quentin, France, in 1763; was a law student at Paris when the Revolution broke out, and published a pamphlet in defence of its principles. Soon afterwards he was appointed a member of the executive council of the revolutionary government, and was French ambassador to the United States in 1794-95. Here his behavior was less offensive than that of Citizen Genet, but it was not satisfactory, and he was succeeded by Adet, a mo1763; was a law student at Paris when the Revolution broke out, and published a pamphlet in defence of its principles. Soon afterwards he was appointed a member of the executive council of the revolutionary government, and was French ambassador to the United States in 1794-95. Here his behavior was less offensive than that of Citizen Genet, but it was not satisfactory, and he was succeeded by Adet, a more prudent man. After he left the United States, the French Directory appointed him a commissioner to Santo Domingo, which he declined. Under Bonaparte he was prefect of Var, and in 1805 he was the same of Ain. Afterwards he was created a baron and made commander of the Legion of Honor. He remained in Italy until the French evacuated it in 1814. On Napoleon's return from Elba Fouchet was made prefect of the Gironde. The date of his death is not known.

ministry and Parliament, and also a tax on the colonies. In February, 1766, Dr. Franklin was examined before the House of Commons relative to the Stamp act (q. v.). At that examination he fairly illustrated the spirit which animated the colonies. When asked, Do you think the people of America would submit to the stamp duty if it were moderated? he answered, No, never, unless compelled by force of arms. To the question, What was the temper of America towards Great Britain before the year 1763? he replied, The best in the world. They submitted willingly to the government of the crown, and paid, in their courts, obedience to the acts of Parliament. Numerous as the people are in the old provinces, they cost you nothing, in forts, citadels, garrisons, or armies, to keep them in subjection. They were governed by this country at the expense only of a little pen, ink, and paper; they were led by a thread. They had not only a respect but an affection for Great Britain, for its laws,

gara, at the mouth of the Niagara River. General Wolfe commanded the expedition against Quebec, General Amherst led the troops against the French on Lake Champlain, and General Prideaux commanded the expedition against Fort Niagara. Prideaux was killed in besieging Fort Niagara, but it was captured under the lead of Sir William Johnson, in July. Amherst drove the French from Lake Champlain into Canada, and they never came back; and he built the strong fortress on Crown Point whose picturesque ruins still attract the attention of the tourist. Wolfe attacked Quebec, and at the moment of victory he was killed. Montcalm, the commander of the French, also perished on the field. In 1760 the French tried to recapture Quebec, but were unsuccessful. Early in September Amherst went down the St. Lawrence and captured Montreal. The conquest of Canada was now completed, and the French and Indian War was essentially ended. The last act in it was a treaty of peace, concluded in Paris in 1763.

second son of Viscount Gage; entered the army in his youth; was with Braddock at his defeat on the Monongahela, when he was lieutenant-colonel; and led the advance. In that hot encounter he was wounded. Late in 1758 he married a daughter of Peter Kemble, president of the council of New Jersey. Gage served under Amherst in northern New York and Canada, and on the capture of Montreal by the English in 1760 he was made military governor of that city. He was promoted to major-general, and in 1763 succeeded Amherst as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America. In 1774 he succeeded Hutchinson as governor of Massachusetts, and occupied Boston with troops, much to the annoyance and irritation of the inhabitants. Acting under instructions from his government rather than in accordance with his conscience and judgment, he took measures which brought on armed resistance to British rule in the colonies. When his demand for 20,000 armed men at Boston was received by the minis

s English birth, and thereby great enthusiasm in his favor was excited. On Sept. 8, 1761, he married Charlotte Sophia, sister of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who shared his throne fifty-seven years, and bore him fifteen children, all but two of whom grew to maturity. Unfortunately for his kingdom, he neglected the wise counsels of Pitt, and made his preceptor, the Scotch Earl of Bute, his prime minister and confidential friend. The minister and his master became very unpopular, and in 1763 Bute resigned, and was succeeded by George Grenville (q. v.) who inaugurated the Stamp Act policy and other obnoxious measures towards the English-American colonies, which caused great discontent, a fierce quarrel, a long war, the final dismemberment of the British empire, and the political independence of the colonies. With the Stamp Act began the terribly stormy period of the reign of George III. In 1783 he was compelled to acknowledge the independence of his lost American colonies. Then