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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Alexa'nder (search)
Alexa'nder （*)Ale/candros), a saint and martyr, whose memory is celebrated by the Romish church, together with the other martyrs of Lyons and Vienne, on the second of June. He was a native of Phrygia, and a physician by profession, and was put to death, A. D. 177, during the persecution that raged against the churches of Lyons and Vienne under the emperor Marcus Aurelius. (Epist. Eccles. Lugdun. et Vienn. apud Euseb. Hist. Eccl. 5.1. p. 163.) He was condemned, together with another Christian, to be devoured by wild beasts in the amphitheatre, and died (as the historian expresses it) "neither uttering a groan nor a syllable, but conversing in his heart with God." (Bzovius, Nomenclator Sanctorum Professione Medicorum ; Martyrol. Roman. ed. Baron.; Acta Sanctorum, June 2.) [W.A.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Irenaeus (search)
th is not known exactly, but Dodwell is certainly wrong in placing it so early as A. D. 97; it was probably between A. D. 120 and A. D. 140. In his early youth he heard Polycarp, for whom he felt throughout life the greatest reverence. The occasion of his going from Asia to Gaul is uncertain; the common account is that he accompanied Pothinus on his mission to Gaul, which resulted in the formation of the churches at Lyon and Vienne. He became a presbyter to Pothinus, on whose martyrdom, in A. D. 177, Irenaeus succeeded to the bishopric of the church at Lyon. His government was signalised by Christian devotedness and zeal, and he made many converts from heathenism. He was most active in opposing the Gnostics, and especially the Valentinians. He also took part in the controversy respecting the time of keeping Easter, and wrote a letter to Victor, bishop of Rome, rebuking the arrogance with which he anathematised the Asiatic churches. Irenaeus seems to have lived till about the end of th
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Me'lito (search)
Eusebius places its presentation in A. D. 169-170 : it must have been written then or between those years and A. D. 180, in which Aurelius himself died [AURELIUS MARCUS]. The Chronicon Paschale seems to ascribe to Melito two apologies, one presented to Aurelius and Verus, A. D. 165, the other to Aurelius alone, A. D. 169. Tillemont is disposed to place the Apology as late as the year 175; Pearson and Dodwell between 170 and 175; and Basnage (Annales Politic. Eccles.) and Lardner as late as A. D. 177. The time, place, and manner of Melito's death are not accurately and certainly known: from the silence of Polycrates (apud Euseb. l.c.) it may be inferred that he was not a Martyr; the place of his death may be conjectured from that of his interment, which Polycrates states to have been Sardes; and as for the date of it, Polycrates, whose letter to Victor was apparently written about 196, speaks of it in a way which indicates that it was not then recent. Works The works of Melito are e
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Oppia'nus (search)
r 171 (or 173), and by Suidas, who says he lived in the reign of "Marcus Antoninus," i. e. not Caracalla, as Kuster and others suppose, but M. Aurelius Antoninus, A. D. 161-180. If the date here assigned to Oppian be correct, the emperor to whom the "Halieutica" are dedicated, and who is called (1.3) gai/hs u(/paton kra/tus, *)Antwni=ne, will be M. Aurelius; the allusions to his son (1.66. 78, 2.683, 4.5, 5.45) will refer to Commodus; and the poem may be supposed to have been written after A. D. 177, which is the year when the latter was admitted to a participation of the imperial dignity. If the writer of the "Halieutica" be supposed to have lived under Caracalla, the name "Antoninus" will certainly suit that emperor perfectly well, as the appellation "Aurelius Antoninus" was conferred upon him when he was appointed Caesar by his father, A. D. 196. (Clinton's Fasti Rom.) But if we examine the other passages above referred to, the difficulty of applying theme to Caracalla will be at o
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
er Severus. (Philostr. Ibid. 2.24.) Works Pollux was the author of sevaral werks of which Suidas has preserved the titles of the following. All these works have perished with the exception of the Onomasticon, which has come down to us. 1. *)Onomastiko\n e)n bibli/ois i/ *)Onomastiko\n e)n bibli/ois i/, an Onomasticon in ten books. The Onomasticon is divided into ten books, each o which contains a short dedication to the Caesar Commodus, and the work was therefore published before A. D. 177, since Commodus became Augustus in that year. Each book forms a separate treatise by itself, containing the most important words relating to certain subjects, with short explanations of the meanings of the words, which are frequently illustrated by quotations from the ancient writers. The alphabetical arrangement is not adopted, but the words are given according to the subjects treated of in each book. The object of the work was to present youths with a kind of store-house, from which they
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Quintillus, M. Plau'tius 2. consul with Commodus in A. D. 177 (Fasti).