MacKENZIEenzie, Alexander Slidell 1803-1848
Naval officer; born in New York City, April 6, 1803; joined the navy in 1815; was promoted commander in 1841.
While in charge of the brig Somers, the crew of which was composed chiefly of naval apprentices, he discovered a mutinous plot on board, and immediately called a council of officers, which after a careful examination advised that the three persons principally involved in the affair be executed.
On Dec. 1, 1842, the decision was put into effect.
Soon after the Somers reached New York a court of inquiry began an investigation, which fully approved Mackenzie's action, and later he was acquitted by a court-martial before which he was tried.
He was, however, severely criticised by many, as the young men whom he had executed were of good social standing, one of them being a son of John C. Spencer, then Secretary of War.
The decision of the court-martial did not quiet this criticism, which greatly embittered the remainder of Macken
he government.
Message on British aggressions.
On June 1, 1812, President Madison sent to Congress the following message detailing the existing relations between the United States and Great Britain:
Washington, June 1, 1812. To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States,—I communicate to Congress certain documents, being a continuation of those heretofore laid before them on the subject of our affairs with Great Britain.
Without going back beyond the renewal in 1803 of the war in which Great Britain is engaged, and omitting unrepaired wrongs of inferior magnitude, the conduct of her government presents a series of acts hostile to the United States as an independent and neutral nation.
British cruisers have been in the continued practice of violating the American flag on the great highway of nations, and of seizing and carrying off persons sailing under it, not in the exercise of a belligerent right founded on the law of nations against an enemy, but o
Mansfield, Joseph King Fenno 1803-
Military officer; born in New Haven, Conn., Dec. 22, 1803; graduated at West Point in 1822, and entered the engineer corps.
He served as chief engineer under General Taylor in the war against Mexico, and was brevetted colonel for his services there.
In 1853 he was inspectorgeneral, with the rank of colonel; and in May, 1861, he was made brigadier-general, and placed in command of the Department of Washington; and, for a while, that of Virginia.
General Mansfield thoroughly fortified the national capital, and, after various services, was promoted major-general of volunteers, July 18, 1862, and took command of the corps formerly under General Banks.
With that he went into the battle of Antietam, and was mortally wounded early in the day, dying Sept. 18.
and resided in America until 1785, arranging all the French consulates.
He was afterwards appointed Intendant of Santo Domingo, and returned to France in 1790, when he was sent as ambassador to the German Diet.
Having offended the ruling party in the course of the fierce French Revolution, he was condemned to exile at Cayenne.
On his return, Bonaparte, then First Consul, nominated him as the first councillor of state, and in 1801 he was made secretary of the treasury.
He successfully negotiated the sale of Louisiana to the United States in 1803.
He served in conspicuous posts in civil life, and was among the first of the senators who voted for the deposition of Napoleon in 1814.
Louis XVIII.
created him peer and made him keeper of the seals in 1815.
Soon after that he was created a marquis.
On Napoleon's return from Elba, Marbois was ordered to quit Paris.
After the revolution of July, 1830, he took the oath of allegiance to Louis Philippe.
He died in Paris, Jan. 14, 1837.
. Hamilton1880 to 1883
Robert M. McLane1884 to 1887
Elihu E. Jackson1888 to 1891
Frank Brown1892 to 1896
Lloyd Lowndes1896 to 1900
John W. Smith1900 to —
United States Senators
Name.No.
of Congress.Term.
Charles Carroll1st to 2d1789 to 1793
John Henry1st to 5th1789 to 1797
Richard Potts2d to 4th1793 to 1796
John Eager Howard4th to 7th1796 to 1803
James Lloyd5th to 6th1798 to 1800
William Hindman6th to 7th1800 to 1803
Robert Wright7th to 9th1801 to 1806
Samuel Smith8th to 13th1803 to 1815
Philip Reed9th to 12th1806 to 1813
Robert Henry Goldsborough13th to 15th1813 to 1819
Robert G. Harper14th1816
Alexander C. Hanson14th to 15th1817 to 1819
Edward Lloyd16th to 19th1819 to 1826
William Pinkney16th to 17th1820 to 1822
Samuel Smith17th1822
Ezekiel F. Chambers19th to 23d1826 to 1834
Joseph Kent23d to 25th1833 to 1837
Robert Henry Goldsborough23d to 24th1835 to 1836
John S. Spence24th to 26th1835 to 1840
William D. Merrick25th to 28th1838 to 1845
John L. Kerr26t
eorge Cabot2d to 4th1791 to 1796
Benjamin Goodhue4th to 6th1796 to 1800
Theodore Sedgwick4th to 5th1796 to 1798
Samuel Dexter6th1799 to 1800
Dwight Foster6th to 7th1800 to 1803
Jonathan Mason6th to 7th1800 to 1803
John Quincy Adams8th to 10th1803 to 1808
Timothy Pickering8th to 11th1803 to 1811
James Lloyd, Jr10th to 12th1808 to 1811
Joseph B. Varnum12th to 14th1811 to 1817
Christopher Gore13th to 14th1813 to1816
Eli P. Ashmun14th to 15th1816 to 1816
Prentiss Mellen15th to 16th1818 t1803 to 1811
James Lloyd, Jr10th to 12th1808 to 1811
Joseph B. Varnum12th to 14th1811 to 1817
Christopher Gore13th to 14th1813 to1816
Eli P. Ashmun14th to 15th1816 to 1816
Prentiss Mellen15th to 16th1818 to 1820
Harrison Gray Otis15th to 17th1817 to 1822
Elijah H. Mills16th to 19th1820 to 1827
James Lloyd17th to 19th1822 to 1826
Nathaniel Silsbee19th to 23d1826 to 1835
Daniel Webster20th to 26th1827 to 1841
John Davis24th to 26th1835 to 1840
Rufus Choate26th to 28th1841 to 1845
Isaac C. Bates26th to 28th1841 to 1845
Daniel Webster29th to 31st1845 to 1850
John Davis29th to 32d1845 to 1853
Robert C. Winthrop31st1850
Robert Rantoul.
Jr31st1851
Charles Sumner32d to 43d1851 to 1874
Edwa
Maury, Sarah Mytton 1803-1849
Author; born in Liverpool, England, Nov. 1, 1803; was educated there; came to the United States in a packet-ship in 1846.
During the trip small-pox broke out among the steerage passengers, of whom there were many.
After her arrival she influenced Congress to pass a law making sanitary provisions for emigrant vessels obligatory, and later she secured the passage of a similar law in the British Parliament.
Her publications include The Englishwoman in America; The statesmen of America in 1846; Progress of the Catholic Church in America, etc. She died in Virginia in October, 1849.
g raised a regiment in 1777, was made a colonel, and performed a brilliant exploit at Sag Harbor (q. v.). He commanded a regiment at Stony Point (q. v.), and served faithfully to the end of the war. He was one of the first settlers of Marietta, O. He died in the Cherokee agency, Ga., Jan. 28, 1823.
Jurist; born in Middletown, Conn., in November, 1765; son of the preceding; graduated at Yale College in 1785; and went with his father to Marietta, O., in 1788.
There he took a conspicuous part in public affairs, and was often engaged in Indian fights.
In 1803-4 he was chief-justice of Ohio; and for two years he was commander of the St. Charles district of Louisiana, with the brevet of colonel, U. S. A. He was a United States district judge in Michigan; United States Senator from 1808 to 1810; and governor of Ohio from 1810 to 1814.
His services during the War of 1812 were of incalculable value.
From 1814 to 1823 he was Postmaster-General.
He died in Marietta, O., March 29, 1825.
Memminger, Charles Gustavus 1803-
Financier; born in Wurtemberg, Germany, Jan. 9, 1803; was taken to Charleston, S. C., in infancy; graduated at South Carolina College in 1820, and began to practise law in 1826.
In the nullification movement in South Carolina (see nullification) he was a leader of the Union men. In 1860 he was a leader of the Confederates in that State, and on the formation of the Confederate government was made Secretary of the Treasury.
He had been for nearly twenty years at the head of the finance committee of the South Carolina legislature.
He died March 7, 1888.
In January, 1860, as a representative of the political leaders in South Carolina, he appeared before the legislature of Virginia as a special commissioner to enlist the representatives of the Old Dominion in a scheme to combat the abolitionists.
In the name of South Carolina, he proposed a convention of the slave-labor States to consider their grievances and to take action for their defence.
h monarch, by Perrot and his associates, in 1689.
They built a fort on the west shore of Lake Pepin; and Le Seur built another fort, in 1695, on an island in the Mississippi, just below the mouth of the St. Croix River, after which the fur-traders flocked into that region.
In 1763, Jonathan Carver visited Minnesota and published a description of the country.
In 1800, a part of Minnesota lying west of the Mississippi was included in the Territory of Indiana.
The purchase of Louisiana, in 1803, gave the United States possession of the whole country west of the Mississippi, and in 1816 Congress passed a law excluding foreigners from the fur-trade in that region.
Fort Snelling was built and garrisoned in 1819, and active trade with the Indians was carried on there.
In 1820 that region was explored by a party under Gen. Lewis Cass, and by Major
State seal of Minnesota. Long in 1821. A third exploring party went there in 1832, led by Henry R. Schoolcraft, who discovered the main
