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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 1 1 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Juries. (search)
between Englishmen and Welshmen of property, and made responsible with their whole estates, real and personal, for false verdicts. By most authorities the institution is ascribed to Alfred about 886. In Magna Charta, juries are insisted on as a bulwark of the people's liberty. An act for trial by jury in civil cases in Scotland was passed in 1815. The constitution of 1791 established trial by jury in France. An imperial decree abolished trial by jury throughout the Austrian Empire, Jan. 15, 1852. Trial by jury began in Russia, Aug. 8, 1866; in Spain, 1889. In Scotland, Guernsey, Jersey, and France juries decide by a majority; in France, since 1831, a majority of twothirds is required. Under the original Constitution of the United States provision is made for the trial of criminal cases by jury, but not of civil cases. This caused dissatisfaction, people claiming that the omission was intended to abolish trial by jury in civil cases, hence the Seventh Amendment was adopted a