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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Senate, United States (search)
ness was in custody of the sergeant-at-arms, Jan. 21, 1857, the committee before whom he was subpoenaed to testify reported to the House a bill, which became a law three days afterwards, providing for trial and punishment of contumacious witnesses before committees of either House of Congress. The law was changed somewhat by act of Jan. 24, 1862. The present statutory provisions relating to this subject are found in sections 101 to 104, inclusive, and section 859, of the revised statutes of 1878. By section 102, refusal to testify is declared to be a misdemeanor, and section 104 provides that: Whenever a witness summoned as mentioned in section 102 fails to testify, and the facts are reported to either House, the president of the Senate or the speaker of the House, as the case may be, shall certify the fact under the seal of the Senate or the House to the district attorney for the District of Columbia, whose duty it shall be to bring the matter before the grand jury for their actio
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sharswood, George 1810-1883 (search)
Sharswood, George 1810-1883 Jurist; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 7, 1810; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1828; admitted to the bar in 1831; member of the Pennsylvania legislature in 1837-38 and 1842-43; appointed judge of the district court of Philadelphia in 1845; president of that court in 1848-67; was then chosen a justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court; and was chief-justice in 1878-82. He became widely known through his book entitled Sharswood's Blackstone's commentaries; was author of several other books on law, and editor of many textwriters. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., May 28, 1883.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Silver dollar, the (search)
e having been discontinued by act of Congress passed Feb. 12, 1873. The trade dollar, weighing 420 grains, and 900 fine, contained 7 1/2 grains more than the dollar of 1837. It was not intended for circulation at home, but for trade with Japan and other Eastern countries. The object of issuing it was to compete, if possible, with the dollars of Mexico and Spain, and to encourage the shipment of American silver to the East Indies, for the country had suddenly become a silver-producer. In 1878 an act was passed providing for the coinage of a silver dollar weighing 412.5 grains, and declaring the trade dollar not a legal tender for any sum. The latter almost immediately disappeared from circulation. The silver dollar which took its place was placed legally on an equality with gold. The unpopularity of the old silver dollar is made manifest by the fact that of the total silver coinage of $145,141,884, issued between 1794 and 1873, only $8,045,838 were in dollar pieces. A large por
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Silver Republican party, (search)
tions to control the prices of labor and property by increasing or diminishing the volume of money in circulation, thus giving the banks power to create panics and bring disaster upon business enterprises. The provisions of this currency law making the bonded debt of the republic payable in gold alone change the contract between the government and the bondholders to the advantage of the latter and is in direct opposition to the declaration of the Matthews resolution passed by Congress in 1878, for which resolution the present Republican President, then a member of Congress, voted, as did also all leading Republicans, both in the House and Senate. We declare it to be our intention to lend our efforts to the repeal of this currency law, which not only repudiates the ancient and time-honored principles of the American people before the Constitution was adopted, but is violative of the principles of the Constitution itself, and we shall not cease our efforts until there has been es
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Smithson, James Lewis Macie -1835 (search)
of interest for the purpose of erecting buildings and of other current and incidental expenses, such expenditures to be made wholly from accruing interest (the funds being loaned at 6 per cent.), and not from the principal. Grounds were chosen and a building was erected at a cost of about $500,000. In December. 1846, the regents or board of trustees of the Smithsonian Institution, as it is called, chose Prof. Joseph Henry as their secretary, which office he held until his death, early in 1878. Provision was made for a library, museum, gallery of art, and lectures. Transactions of learned societies and scientific works were collected; the museum was enriched by the fruits of government explorations and the contributions of individual explorers; a gallery of art was commenced: and lectures, chiefly on scientific subjects, were delivered up to 1865, when a fire destroyed the lecture-room. Then a change was made in the arrangements. The library was incorporated with that of Congre
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Snowden, James Ross 1810-1878 (search)
Snowden, James Ross 1810-1878 Numismatist; born in Chester, Pa., in 1810; graduated at Dickinson College in 1827; admitted to the bar and began practice in Franklin, Pa.; was treasurer of the United States mint in 1847-50, and director in 1853-61. He was the author of Descriptions of coin in the United States mint; Description of the medals of Washington, of National and miscellaneous medals, and of other objects of interest in the Museum of the mint, with biographical notices of the directors from 1792 to 1851; The mint at Philadelphia, etc. He died in Hulmeville, Pa., March 21, 1878.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Spofford, Ainsworth Rand 1825- (search)
Spofford, Ainsworth Rand 1825- Librarian; born in Gilmantown, N. H., Sept. 12, 1825; removed to Cincinnati, O., where he became a publisher and bookseller; was first assistant librarian of the Congressional Library in 1861-64; librarian-inchief in 1864-97; then became chief assistant librarian. He was the editor of the Annual American almanac, 1878-89; Catalogues of the congressional Library, etc., and the author of Practical manual of parliamentary rules; A book for all readers, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sprague, John Titcomb 1810-1878 (search)
Sprague, John Titcomb 1810-1878 Military officer; born in Newburyport, Mass., July 3, 1810; entered the United States marine corps in 1834; served in the Indian campaign in Florida in a manner that won him two promotions; commissioned major of the 1st United States Infantry, May 14, 1861; and while stationed in Texas was captured by General Twigg and released on parole. He was adjutantgeneral of New York till 1865, when he was commissioned colonel of the 7th United States Infantry; served for a time in Florida; then became military governor there, and retired from the army in 1870. He published Origin, progress, and conclusion of the Florida War. He died in New York City, Sept. 6, 1878.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Stimson, Frederic Jesup 1855- (search)
Stimson, Frederic Jesup 1855- Lawyer; born in Dedham, Mass., July 20, 1855; graduated at Harvard College in 1876 and at its Law School in 1878; assistant attorneygeneral of Massachusetts in 1884-85; then became general counsel to the United States industrial commission. He is the author of Law Glossary; American statute law; Government by injunction; Labor in its relation to law; Hand-book to the labor law of the United States, etc.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Taft, William Howard 1857- (search)
Taft, William Howard 1857- Lawyer; born in Cincinnati, O ., Sept. 15, 1857; graduated at Yale College in 1878, and at the Law School of Cincinnati College in 1880; was admitted to the bar in the latter year; was collector of internal revenue in the First District of Ohio in 1882; practised law in 1883-87; judge of the Superior Court of Ohio in 1887-90; Professor of Law at the University of Cincinnati in 1896-1900. In the latter year he was made president of the United States Philippine Commission, and on June 5, 1901, was appointed the first civil governor of the Philippine Islands.
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