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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 29 29 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Agricultural implements. (search)
e been changed in detail, till scarcely more than the outline of the original plan is left. The fanning-machine was originally invented in Holland, though largely improved and altered by American inventions. An agricultural implement of great importance to one part of the country, at least, is the cotton-gin. The first machine of this kind was invented by M. Debreuil, a French planter of Louisiana, but did not prove successful. Whitney's cotton-gin, which did succeed, and increased the production of cotton tenfold in two years, was invented in 1793. The census of 1890 reported 910 establishments engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements. These had a capital investment of $145.313,997, employed 42,544 persons, paid $21,811,761 for wages, and $31,603,265 for materials used in construction, and turned out implements valued at $81,271,651. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the exportation of American-made agricultural implements aggregated in value $16,094,886.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Agriculture. (search)
Agriculture. Nothing can more adequately demonstrate the remarkable development of the agricultural industry in the United States than the statement of the value of the exports of the products of agriculture during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. Impressive as these figures are, it should be borne in mind that they represent the surplus of production over domestic requirements. The total domestic exports aggregated in value $1,370,476,158, and of this total the share of agricultural products was $835,912,952, or 60.99 per cent. of the entire value. In the preceding year the percentage was 65.19; but in 1899-1900 the exports of domestic manufactures increased to an unprecedented extent, and caused a lowering of the agricultural percentage. In the period quoted the export of agricultural implements rose in value to $16,094,886. The following details, covering the calendar year 1899, show still more strikingly the great value of this industry and its most productive cro
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Balance of trade, (search)
ntry exceed its imports the balance of trade is popularly said to be in favor of that country. Leaving to others the discussion of the controversial questions as to whether free-trade or protection is best for a country, and whether a decrease in importations indicates an increase in the prosperity of a country through larger local productions, attention is here called to the fact that in recent years the United States has exported much more than it imported. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the official statistics of the United States Treasury Department showed for these two movements of merchandise the following: Exports, domestic, $1,370,47, 6158; foreign, $23,710,213; a total of $1,394.186.371; total imports, $849.714,670; showing a balance in merchandise of $544,471.651. During the same period the trade in gold and silver coin and bullion was: Exports, $106,978.504; imports, $78,066,154; showing a balance in this trade in favor of the United States of $28,912,330; maki
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Boston, (search)
Boston, City, capital of the State of Massachusetts, commercial metropolis of New England, and fifth city in the United States in population under the census of 1900; area, about 40 square miles; municipal income in 1899-1900, $30,969,813; net expenditure, $29,777,897; value of imports of merchandise in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, $72,195,939; value of similar exports, $112,195,555; total assessed valuation of taxable property in 1900, $1,129,130.762; tax rate, $14.70 per $1,000; population, 1890, 448,477; 1900, 560,892. On a peninsula on the south side of the mouth of the Charles River (which the natives called Shawmut, but which the English named Tri-mountain, because of its three hills) lived William Blackstone (q. v.), who went there from Plymouth about 1623. He went over to Charlestown to pay his respects to Governor Winthrop, and informed him that upon Shawmut was a spring of excellent water. He invited Winthrop to come over. The governor, with others, crossed
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), California (search)
California The largest of the Pacific coast States; noted for its admirable climate, its production of gold, its large commerce, and its great yield of fruit, State seal of California. which now finds a market even in Europe. In recent years the production of gold has decreased, but there has been a remarkable development of other mineral resources, especially petroleum. Reports on the foreign trade in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, showed at the ports of Humboldt, Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco, imports of merchandise, $49,441,831; exports, $43,361,078; imports of gold and silver coin and bullion, $13,734,348; exports, $9,528,309. The production of the precious metals in the calendar year of 1899 was: Gold, $15,197,800; silver, $494,580. In 1900 the total assessed valuation of taxable property was $1,218,228,588, and the total bonded debt was $2,281,500, nearly all of which was held in State educational funds. The population in 1890 was 1,208,130; in 1900
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Charleston, S. C. (search)
s an adjourned session was held in Baltimore. It was the birthplace, the same year, of the Secession movement; the first act of hostility to the national government occurred here (see Sumter, Fort; Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant); was besieged and bombarded during the last two years of the war; and was evacuated by the Confederates on Feb. 17, 1865. On Aug. 31, 1886, a large part of the city was destroyed by an earthquake, in which many lives were lost. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the foreign trade of the port was: Imports, $1,124,671; exports, $7,151,720. In 1899 the assessed valuation of all taxable property was $17,293,458. The population in 1890 was 54,955; in 1900, 55,807. History.—Provoked by the attack on St. Augustine by the South Carolinians in 1706, the Spaniards fitted out an expedition to retaliate. It consisted of five vessels of war, under the command of the French Admiral Le Feboure, bearing a large body of troops from Havana. It was proposed
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cincinnati, Oh., city (search)
Cincinnati, Oh., city Commercial metropolis of the valley of the Ohio, and county seat of Hamilton county, Ohio; on the Ohio River; connected by railroads and steamboats with all important parts of the country. Under the census of 1900 it was the tenth city in the United States in point of population. The city is noted for the extent and variety of its manufactures and for its great pork-packing interests. In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the imports of merchandise amounted in value to $1,562,408. On Dec. 1, 1899, the assessed valuation of all taxable property was $197,020,800, and the net debt, $25,546,456. In 1895 the villages of Avondale, Clifton, Linwood, Riverside, and Westwood were annexed to Cincinnati, which assumed their indebtedness. The population in 1890 was 296,908; in 1900, 325,902. Ensign Luce, of the United States army, was charged with the selection of a site for a block-house on Symmes's Purchase. Symmes wished him to build it at North Bend, wher
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Coinage, United States (search)
riptions United States of America and E pluribus unum, and a designation of the value of the coin; but on the gold dollar and 3-dollar pieces, the dime, 5, 3, and 1 cent pieces, the figure of the eagle shall be omitted; and on the reverse of the silver trade-dollar the weight and the fineness of the coin shall be inscribed, with the motto In God we trust added when practicable. The following table shows the coinage of the mints of the United States from their organization in 1792 to June 30, 1900: Denomination. Value. gold. Double-eagles $1,538,826,060.00 Eagles 319,061,160.00 Half-eagles259,066,545.00 Three-dollar pieces (coinage discontinued under act of Sept. 26, 1890） 1,619,376.00 Quarter-eagles 29,015,635.00 Dollars (coinage discontinued under act of Sept.26, 1890）19,499,337.00 ————— Total gold$2,167,088,113.00 silver Dollars (coinage discontinued, act of Feb. 10, 1873, and resumed under act of Feb. 28, 1878）*$506,527,453.00 Trade-dollars35,965,924.0
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Commerce of the United States. (search)
Commerce of the United States. In submitting his report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900, the chief of the Bureau of Statistics of the Treasury Department called attention to four notable facts that characterized the foreign commerce of the country during the year— viz., (1) the total commerce surpassed by $317,729,250 that of any preceding year, and for the first time exceeded $2,000,000,000; (2) the exports exceeded those of any preceding year; (3) manufacturers' materials were m implements, $16,094,886; wood manufactures, $11,830,978; refined mineral oils, $67,740,106; chemicals, drugs, and dyes, $13,196,638; leather and leather goods, $27,288,808; cotton goods, Table showing foreign trade for fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. Imports and Exports.1900.Decrease (+)or Increase (–） Imports: Merchandise—Dollars. Dollars. Free367,130,226 + 66,850,416 Dutiable 482,584,444 + 85,715,765 ———————— Total849,714,670 +152,556,181 Per cent. dutiable56.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Finances, United States. (search)
000,000 limit. In striking contrast with the special report of Secretary Carlisle in 1894 was the annual report of Secretary Gage for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1900. In comparing these reports it should be borne in mind that a period of remarkable prosperity set in soon after the Presidential election in 1896; that the wat the extraordinary disbursements; and that the foreign trade of the country advanced to an unprecedented volume. The main features of the treasury report for June 30, 1900, were as follows: Receipts and expenditures. The revenues of the government from all sources for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, were: Internal rJune 30, 1900, were: Internal revenue$295,327,926.76 Customs233,164,871.16 Profits on coinage, bullion deposits, etc9,992,374.09 District of Columbia4,008,722.27 Fees—consular, letters patent and land3,291,716.68 Sales of public lands2,836,882.98 Tax on national banks1,998,554.00 Navy pension, navy hospital, clothing, and deposit funds1,621,558.52 Sales
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