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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New York public Library, the (search)
ty by several other institutions, the largest of which was the New York Free Circulating Library. This institution, first incorporated on March 15, 1880, began to lend books at that time in a small building on Bond Street, and had grown until, in 1901, it operated eleven free lending libraries, with reading-rooms and a travelling library department, through which books were distributed in schools, clubs, etc. It owned five buildings, 170,000 books, and had endowment funds of about $225,000. It ew branch libraries, but that such as already exist shall be properly housed, provided they become part of the Public Library system. A bill to facilitate such union on the part of the smaller libraries was signed by the governor in the spring of 1901. The buildings where the work of the library is carried on at present are as follows: reference branches. Astor Building, 40 Lafayette Place. Lenox Building, 890 Fifth Avenue. circulating branches. Bond Street, 49 Bond Street.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Newspapers. (search)
, 1756; Delaware, 1761. The first daily newspaper was the Pennsylvania packet, or General Advertiser, published by John Dunlap, in 1784, and afterwards called the Daily Advertiser. The number of newspapers in 1775 was only thirty-four, with a total weekly circulation of 5,000 copies. In 1833 the first of the cheap or penny papers was issued in New York by Benjamin H. Day. It was called the Sun, and immediately acquired an enormous circulation. It was at first less than a foot square. In 1901 the total number of newspapers and periodicals in the United States was 20,879, comprising 2,158 dailies, 49 tri-weeklies, 472 semi-weeklies, 14,827 weeklies, 2 tri-monthlies, 60 biweeklies, 275 semi-monthlies, 2,791 monthlies, 2 semi-quarterlies, 68 bi-monthlies, and 175 quarterlies. American vs. Foreign newspapers. Edwin L. Godkin, for many years editor of the New York Evening post and The nation, contributes the following comparison of the American and foreign newspaper press and re
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nixon, Lewis 1861- (search)
e Continent to study the workings of the great European docks, dock-yards, arsenals, and steel and armor plants. In 1884 he was appointed assistant naval constructor, and in the following year was assigned to Roach's ship-yard in Chester, Pa., where the Chicago, Boston, Atlanta, and Dolphin were in course of construction. Later he served on the staffs of Chief Constructors Wilson and Hichborn, and also as superintending constructor at Cramp's shipyard, Philadelphia. In 1890 he drew the plans for the battle-ships of the Oregon and Indiana class. In 1891 he resigned from the navy to become superintending constructor for the Cramp ship-building company, and in 1894 he resigned this post and leased the Crescent Ship-yard, at Elizabeth, N. J., where he has since constructed many naval and other vessels, among them the Holland torpedo-boat, and the Annapolis, the first composite gunboat ever built for the navy. In 1901 he was identified with a municipal reform movement in New York City.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), North Carolina, State of (search)
h1813 to 1815 Nathaniel Macon14th to 20th1815 to 1828 Montford Stokes14th to 18th1816 to 1823 John Branch18th to 21st1823 to 1829 James Iredell20th to 22d1828 to 1831 Bedford Brown21st to 26th1829 to 1840 Willie P. Mangum22d to 24th1831 to 1836 Robert Strange24th to 26th1836 to 1840 William A. Graham26th to 28th1840 to 1843 Willie P. Mangum26thto 33d1840 to 1854 William H. Haywood28th to 29th1843 to 1846 George E. Badger29th to 34th1846 to 1855 David S. Reid33d to 36th1854 to 1859 Asa Biggs34th to 35th1855 to 1858 Thomas L. Clingman35th to 36th1858 to 1861 Thomas Bragg36th1859 to 1861 37th, 38th, and 39th Congresses vacant. Joseph C. Abbott40th to 42d1868 to 1872 John Pool40th to 43d1868 to 1873 Matt. W. Ransom42d to 54th1872 to 1875 Augustus S. Merrimon43d to 46th1873 to 1879 Zebulon B. Vance46th to 53d1879 to 1894 Thomas J. Jarvis53d to 54th1894 to 1895 J. C. Pritchard54th to —1895 to — Marion Butler54th to 56th1895 to 1901 F. M. Simmons57th to —1901
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Odd-fellows, (search)
Odd-fellows, A name adopted by members of a social institution having signs of recognition, initiatory rites and ceremonies, grades of dignity and honor; object purely social and benevolent, confined to members. The independent order of odd-fellows was formed in Manchester, England, in 1813. Odd-fellowship was introduced into the United States from Manchester in 1819; and the grand lodge of Maryland and the United States was constituted Feb. 22, 1821. In 1842 the American branch severed its connection with the Manchester unity. In 1843 it issued a dispensation for opening the Prince of Wales Lodge No. 1, at Montreal, Canada. American odd-fellowship has its headquarters at Baltimore and branches in nearly all parts of the world, the supreme body being the sovereign grand lodge of the world. In 1901 its membership was 862,723; total relief paid, over $3,695,488.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Palma, Tomas Estrada 1867- (search)
Palma, Tomas Estrada 1867- Patriot; born in Bayamo, Cuba; studied at the University of Seville, Spain. He was active in the Cuban insurrection of 1867-78, during the latter part of which he was President of the Cuban Republic. He represented the Cuban Republic during the last revolution as plenipotentiary. During the summer of 1901 there was a wide-spread expression in favor of his election as the first President of the new Cuban republic.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pan-American Exposition, (search)
Pan-American Exposition, 1901. One of the most important expositions ever held in the United States, as it confines itself strictly to the productions of North and South America, all other exhibits being refused. Entirely novel architectural, electrical, and landscape effects have been developed, the electrical exhibition particularly being far superior to that of any other world's fair. The electric tower is the centre of the exposition and is 375 feet high, the main structure being 80 feet square and 200 feet high. This tower and the surrounding buildings and grounds are most brilliantly illuminated by electric lights, on a scale never before attempted, and with a result never before approached. The general style of the architecture is the Spanish Renaissance, making a general use of many brilliant tints and colors. The popular name for the exposition is The Landscape City. A portion of Delaware Park, Buffalo, embracing 350 acres, was selected as the site for the fair, the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Patrons of Husbandry, (search)
for the purpose of promoting the social and material interests of persons engaged directly or indirectly in the agricultural and allied industries. The unit of organization is the local grange, subordinate to the State grange, and that in turn under the jurisdiction of the national grange. Although the order is non-political, the national grange has expressed favor towards the following subjects of reform: 1. Postal savings-banks. 2. Enactment of pure food laws. 3. Rural free-mail delivery. 4. Additional powers to the Interstate Commerce Commission. 5. Speedy construction of the Nicaragua Canal by the United States. 6. To prevent the pooling of railroads. 7. Impartial investigation of foreign trade relations. 8. Election of United States Senators by popular vote. 9. Settlement of international differences by arbitration. In 1901 the national grange had established 27,689 subordinate granges in forty-four States and Territories. See Farmers' Alliance; people's party.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Pennsylvania, (search)
4 to 1821 Walter Lowrie16th to 19th1819 to 1825 William Findley17th to 20th1821 to 1827 William Marks19th to 22d1825 to 1831 Isaac D. Barnard20th to 22d1827 to 1831 George M. Dallas22d to 23d1831 to 1833 William Wilkins22d to 23d1831 to 1834 Samuel McKean23d to 26th1833 to 1839 James Buchanan23d to 29th1834 to 1845 Daniel Sturgeon26th to 32d1839 to 1851 Simon Cameron29th to 31st1845 to 1849 James Cooper31st to 34th1849 to 1855 Richard Brodhead32d to 35th1851 to 1857 William Bigler34th to 37th1855 to 1861 Simon Cameron35th to 37th1857 to 1861 David Wilmot37th to 38th1861 to 1863 Edgar Cowan37th to 40th1861 to 1867 Charles R. Buckalew38th to 41st1863 to 1869 Simon Cameron40th to 45th1867 to 1877 John Scott41st to 44th1869 to 1875 William A. Wallace44th to47th1875 to 1881 James Donald Cameron45th to 55th1877 to 1897 John I. Mitchell47th to 50th1881 to 1887 Matthew S. Quay50th to 56th1887 to 1899 Boies Penrose55th to ——1897 to —— Matthew S. Quay57th to ——1901<
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pensions. (search)
249,086. These comprised 13,124 widows and the 8,655 survivors on account of wars prior to 1861; 297,675 invalids, and 88,802 on account of general laws, disability of service, origin, mostly Civil War; 438,114 invalids, and 145,111 widows on account of the June, 1890, act, Civil War disability not due to service; 650 army nurses, and 3,555 invalids and 2,049 widows on account of the war with Spain. The total amount paid to pensioners as first payments on the allowance of their claims in 1901 was $9,934,764, or $106,238 more than the first payments in 1900. This amount represents the arrears of pension, aggregating 675 claims allowed, to an average of nearly $1,500 each. At least 100,000 of the medical examinations held in the year resulted unfavorably to the claimants. The amount paid to pensioners under the general law in the year was $67,867,233, a decrease of $1,790,253 from the amount paid last year. The Spanish war pensioners received $1,175,225, an increase over the p
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