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H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 13: permanent fortifications.—Historical Notice of the progress of this Art.—Description of the several parts of a Fortress, and the various Methods of fortifying a position (search)
able information of any works we have. His most admired constructions are to be found at Metz, Thionville, and Bitche. The beautiful crown works of Billecroix, at Metz, are perfect models of their kind. Cormontaigne died in 1750. Cotemporary with him were Sturin and Glasser. The former deviated but slightly from the systems of his predecessors, but the latter invented several ingenious improvements which gave him great reputation. Next follows Rosard, a Bavarian engineer; and Frederick Augustus, king of Poland, who devoted himself particularly to this art. The former casemated only the flanks of his works, but the latter introduced casemate fire more extensively than any one who had preceded him. In France, Belidor and De Filey published about the middle of the last century. They were both able engineers but their systems were inferior to that of Cormontaigne. In 1767 De la Chiche introduced a system of fortification in many respects original. He raised his covered wa
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Louis Xvi., King of France (search)
Louis Xvi., King of France Born in Versailles, Aug. 23, 1754; was a grandson of Louis XV. and of a daughter of Frederick Augustus, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. His father dying in 1765, he became heir presumptive to the throne of France, which he ascended on May 10, 1774, with the beautiful Marie Antoinette, Archduchess of Austria, whom he married in May, 1770, as his Queen. Louis was amiable, fond of simple enjoyments, and was beloved by his people. Through bad advisers and the wickedness of demagogues, he was placed in seeming opposition to the people when his heart was really with them, and the madmen of France, who ruled the realm during the Reign of Terror, brought both Louis and his beautiful Queen to the scaffold. They went through the farce of a trial after Louis Xvi. arraigning the King on a charge of treason, found him guilty, of course, and beheaded him by the guillotine, with accompaniments of vulgar cruelty, in Paris, Jan. 21, 1793. His death was ser
The Daily Dispatch: December 29, 1864., [Electronic resource], The Wedding Brigade. (search)
l ages: the little girl who is hardly old enough to know what a wedding is (if there is any age at which they are ignorant on that subject); the young lady of maturer years, with whom "the harvest is ended," and who comes to see what a more successful reaper has gathered, and the married woman who goes for — nobody knows what. It was of this last class, we believe, that the great and good Smith remarked that he couldn't see how it was that when a woman had "done for" one man she could not let weddings alone.--They are not partial to any particular church, but the Episcopal service is, perhaps, the favorite, because it takes about three minutes longer to subjugate a man than any other. This is a war institution — this Wedding Brigade; at least let us hope so, and let us hope, too, that the time will soon return when every Frederick Augustus may lead his trembling Celestina to the altar without having her exposed to the gaze of these idle, curious, and often vulgar, wedding mob