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op of London, was interceding with the king for an American episcopate, which Bedford and Halifax both favored as essential chap. II.} 1748. Nov. to royal authoritstle, who was cruel only from frivolity, did not withhold his approbation; but Bedford, his more humane successor, restricting his plans of colonization to the undisican boundaries. La Jonquiere, saw the imminent danger of a new war, and like Bedford would have shunned hostilities; but his instructions from the French ministry,flowingly on; Assembly to be reproved and dissolved; the new minister, viz.: Duke Bedford, Duke Dorset, Lord Halifax, &c., presenting a memorial to his Majesty in favor of his Excellency, &c. &c. as they had desired. Knowing that Bedford, Dorset, and Halifax had espoused their cause, they convened the legislature. But it was inI.} 1749. colleagues, were busy with remodelling American constitutions; while Bedford, the head of the new party that was in a few years to drive the more liberal b
importunities succeeded each other from America; and when Bedford sent assurances of his purpose to support the royal authorl, Clinton to Lords of Trade, 3 April, 175, and same to Bedford, 9 April. by its example, greatly affects all the other coed from year to year. But neither the blunt decision of Bedford, nor the arrogant self-reliance of Halifax, nor the restleon. Cornwallis to Lords of Trade, 30 April, and same to Bedford, 1 May, 1750. At the same time the governments of New Hamp his thoughts and disturbed his rest, was the dismissal of Bedford. Even the more cautious Pelham began to complain of the s 1750. Coxe II. 365. the king's mistress, who had thought Bedford too important a person to be trifled with, was soothed intnone of that young fry. But above all, he would be rid of Bedford. I am, I must be an errant cipher of the worst sort, saidains coupled with me as secretary of state. To get rid of Bedford was still to him the great point, the great point of all,
s of Trade, 30 Sept. and 27 Nov., 1750. had written impatiently for ships of war; and Halifax in the most earnest and elaborate official papers had seconded his entreaties; Halifax and Lords of Trade to Bedford, 16 Jan. and 7 March, 1751. but Bedford was dissatisfied at the vastness of the sums lavished on the new plantation, and was, moreover, fixed in the purpose of leaving to the pending negotiation an opportunity of success. He was supported by the Admiralty, at which Sandwich was his f be vested in his Board. The increase of their powers might invigorate their schemes for regulating America; for which, however, no energetic system of adminstration could be adopted, without the aid of the chap. IV.} 1751. new party of which Bedford was the head. During the progress of these changes, the colonies were left to plan their own protection. But every body shunned the charge of securing the valley of the Ohio. Of the Virginia Company the means were limited. The Assembly of
rland entered on his American career with eager ostentation. He was heroically brave and covetous of military renown, hiding regrets at failure under the aspect of indifference. Waldegrave's Memoirs, 21-23. Himself obedient to the king, he never forgave a transgression of the minutest precept of the military rubric. Walpole's Memoires of Geo. II., i., 86. In Scotland, in 1746, his method against rebellion was threatening military execution. Our success, he at that time complained to Bedford, has been too rapid. It would have been better for the extirpation of this rabble, if they had stood. All the good we have chap. VII.} 1754. done, he wrote to Newcastle, has been a little bloodletting. Coxe's Pelham Ad., i., 303. His attendant, George Townshend, afterwards to be much connected with American affairs, promised his friends still more entertainment in the way of beheading Scotchmen on Tower Hill; and he echoed Cumberland, as he wrote, I wish the disaffection was less lat
so to be conscious of his own want of favor. He had complained to Bedford, who despised him, of the very little weight he had in the closet,th France, since King Henry the Fifth's time. I pray to God, said Bedford to Bute, in July, his majesty may avail himself of this opportunit say, Before December, I will take Martinico? Will that, rejoined Bedford, be the means of obtaining a better peace than we can command at iberation, but acceptance. Bute dared not express dissent, and as Bedford disavowed all responsibility and retired with indignant surprise, never before shown. Bute to Pitt, 14 Aug., 1761. The friends of Bedford mourned over the continuance of the war, and the danger of its invof the people from power. Newcastle and Hardwicke, Devonshire and Bedford, even Ligonier and Anson, as well as Bute and Mansfield, assisted ed his defeat not so much to the king and Bute as to Newcastle and Bedford; yet the king was himself a partner in the conspiracy; and as he r
the country of a most dangerous minister. But Bute at the moment had misgivings; for he saw that his own situation was become more perilous. The Earl of Egremont, Pitt's successor, was a son of the illustrious Windham, of a Tory family, himself both weak and passionate, and of infirm health; George Grenville, the husband of his sister, renounced well-founded aspirations to the speaker's chair for a sinecure, and, remaining in the ministry, still agreed to do his best in the House; while Bedford became Lord Privy Seal. Peace was an immediate object of the king; and as the letters of Bristol, the English minister at Madrid, promised friendly relations with Spain, the king chap. XVIII.} 1761. directed, that, through Fuentes, the Spanish ambassador at London, the French court should be invited to renew its last propositions. It is only with a second Pitt, said Choiseul, that I should dare to treat on such offers. War is the only part to be chosen. Firmness and patience will no
s, early in May Bute was able to submit to Bedford his project. I am glad of the peace as it has been chalked out, said Bedford; a much longer continuance of the war, however relieved by the lustre of farther conquests, is likely to prove fatal to as well have been sent to Paris on this errand. The secretary yielded, and some subjects were left at the discretion of Bedford; but Bute, with singular perfidy, indirectly, through the Sardinian minister, and in his own handwriting, communicated should be kept religiously from Spain, and from the Duke of Bedford. Thus the ministry of the hostile power, with which Bedford was to negotiate a peace, was, without his knowledge, made acquainted with his most secret instructions. Nothing better into order than to plant new ones; Knox Extra official papers, II. 29. but all his colleagues thought otherwise; and Bedford was unwilling to restore Havana to Spain except for the cession of Porto Rico and the Floridas. The king, who persisted
dent islands; and the fisheries, except that France retained a share in them, with the two islets St. Pierre and Miquelon, as a shelter for their fishermen. For the loss of Florida France on the same day indemnified Spain by ceding to that power New Orleans, and all Louisiana west of the Mississippi, with boundaries undefined. In Africa, England acquired Senegal, with the command of the slave-trade. In the East Indies, France, according to a modification proposed and insisted upon by Bedford, only recovered in a dismantled and ruined state the little that she possessed on the first of January, 1749; England obtained in that region the undoubted sway. In Europe, where Frederic was left to take care of himself, each power received back its own; Minorca, therefore, reverted to Great Britain. England, said the king, never signed such a peace before, nor, I believe, any other power in Europe. The country never, said the dying Granville, saw so glorious a war, or so honorable